英語翻譯理論與實(shí)踐2005答案

,usingtheanswersheetDeathintheOpenLewisThomas(1913Mostofthedeadanimalsyouseeonhighwaysnearthecitiesaredogs,afewcats.Outinthecountryside.theformsandcolouringofthedeadarestrange；thesearethewildcreatures.Seenfromacarwindowtheyappearasfragments,evokingmemoriesofwoodchucks,badgers,skunks,voles,snakes,sometimesthemysteriouswreckageofadeer.Itisalwaysaqueershock,partasuddenupwellingofgrief,partunaccountableamazement.ItissimplyastoundingtoseeananimaldeadonahighwayTheoutrageismorethanjustthelocation；itistheimproprietyofsuchvisibledeath,anywhere.Youdonotexpecttoseedeadanimalsintheopen.Itisthenatureofanimalstodiealone.offsomewhere,hidden.Itiswrongtoseethemlyingoutonthehighway；itiswrongtoseethemanywhere.Everythingintheworlddies,butweonlyknowaboutitasakind ion.Ifyouinameadow,attheedgeofahillside,andlookaroundcarefully,almosteverythingyoucancatchsightofisintheprocessofdying,andmostthingswillbedeadlongbeforeyouare.Ifitwerenotfortheconstantrenewalandrecementgoingonbeforeyoureyes,thewholecewouldturntostoneandsandunderyourfeet.Animalsseemtohaveaninstinctforperformingdeathalone,hidden.Eventhelargest,mostconspicuousonesfindwaystoconcealthemselvesintime.Ifanelephantmisstepsanddiesinanopence,theherdwillnotleavehimthere；theotherswillpickhimupandcarrythebodyfromcetoce,finallyputtingitdowninsomeinexplicablysuitablelocation.Whenelephantsencountertheskeletonofanelephantoutintheopen,theymethodicallytakeupeachofthebonesanddistributethem,inaponderousceremony,overneighbouringacres.Itisanaturalmarvel.A11ofthe1ifeoftheearthdies.allofthetime.inthesamevolumeasthenewlifethatdazzlesuseachmorning,eachspring.Allweseeofthisistheoddstump,theflystrugglingontheporchfloorofthesummerhouseinOctober,thefragmentonthehighway.Ihavelivedallmylifewithanembarrassmentofsquirrelinmybackyard,theyarealloverthece,allyearlong,andIhaveneverseen,anywhere,adeadsquirre1. ,usingtheanswersheetprovidedJosephAddison(1672—1719)WhenIaminaserioushumour,IveryoftenwalkbymyselfinWestminsterAbbey；wherethegloominessofthece,andtheusewhichitisapplied,withthesolemnityofthebuilding,andtheconditionofthepeoplewholieinit,areapttofillthemindwithakindofmelancholy,orratherthoughtfulness,thatisnotdisagreeableIyesterdaypassedawholeafternooninthechurchyard,thecloisters,andthechurch.,amusingmyselfwiththetombstonesandinscriptionsthatImetwithinthoseseveralregionsofthedead.Mostofthemrecordednothingelseofthe ,butthathewasbornupononeday,anddieduponanother：thewholehistoryofhislifebeingcomprehendedinthosetwocircumstances,thatarecommontoallmankindIcouldnotbutlookupontheseregistersofexistence,whetherofbrassormarble,asakindofsatireuponthe s；whohadleftnoothermemorialofthem,butthattheywerebornandthattheydied.Theyputmeinmindofseveral smentionedinthebattlesofheroicpoems,whohavesoundingnamesgiventhem,fornootherreasonbutthattheymaybekilled,andarecelebratedfornothingbutbeingknockedonthehead.Thelifeofthesemenisfinelydescribedinholywritby‘thepathofanarrow’,whichisimmediayclosedupandlost.Uponmygoingintothechurch,Ientertainedmyselfwiththediggingofagrave；andsawineveryshovelfulofitthatwasthrownup,thefragmentofaboneorskullintermixtwithakindoffreshmoulderingearth,thatsometimeorotherhadaceinthecompositionofahumanbody.UponthisIbegantoconsiderwithmyselfwhatinnumerablemultitudesofpeoplelayconfusedtogetherunderthepavementofthatancientcathedral；howmenandwomen,friends,andenemies,priestsandsoldiers,monksandprebendaries,werecrumbledamongstoneanother,andblendedtogetherinthesamecommonmass；howbeauty,strength,andyouth,witholdage,weaknessanddeformity,layundistinguishedinthesamepromiscuousheapofmatter.從巳時(shí)直殺到未時(shí)。周瑜雖得利，只恐寡不敵眾，遂鳴金，收住船只。曹軍敗回。Essayquestions.AnswerthefollowingquestionsinEnglish.inaround300wordsrespectively,usingtheanswersheetprovided.(15%×2=30%)stylehasbeenatopicforheateddebatefordecades.Somethinkstyleisintangibleandisnowheretobeseenintranslationaswellasinanoriginaltext。somethinkitcanbetranslatedinexactlythesamewayasintheoriginal,andsomethinkatranslatordonothavetoworryaboutitandshouldletitlookafteritselfWhatareyourviewsonthisissue?Peopleallthinkthatcomprehensioniswhattranslation.isbasedonCanyoutheoriseontherolecomprehensionysintranslation?`

CaoCaowasgreatlyangeredwhenheheardthathisletterhadbeentorntofragments,andheresolvedtoattackforthwith.HisadvancewasledbytheSupremeAdmiralCaiMao,theVice-AdmiralZhangYun,andothersoftheJingzhouofficerswhohadjoinedhisside.CaoCaowentashastilyaspossibletothemeetingofthethreeriversandsawtheshipsoftheSouthLandsailingup.Inthebowoftheforemostshipfromthesouthstoodafinefigureofawarrior,whocried,"IGanNing.IchallengeanyonetoCaiMaosenthisyoungbrother,CaiXun,toacceptthechallenge.ButasCaiXun'sshipapproached,GanNingshotanarrowandCaiXunfell.GanNingpressedforward,hiscrossbowmenkeeupaheavydischargewhichCaoCao'stroopscouldnotstand.ThewingsofHanDangfromtheleftandJiangQinfromtherightalsojoinedin.CaoCao'ssoldiers,beingmostlyfromthedryinsofthenorth,didnotknowhowtofighteffectuallyonwater,andthesouthernshipshadthebattlealltheirownway.Theslaughterwasverygreat.However,afteracontestlastingtillafternoon,ZhouYuthoughtitmoreprudent,inviewofthesuperiornumbersofhisenemy,nottoriskfurthertheadvantagehehadgained.SohebeatthegongsasthesignaltoceasebattleandrecalltheshipsCaoCaowasworsted,buthisshipsreturnedtothebank,whereacampwasmadeandorderwasCaoCaosentforhisdefeatedleadersandreproachedthem,saying,"Youdidnotdoyourbest.Youletaninferior eyou."CaiMaodefendedhimself,saying,"TheJingzhoumarineshavenotbeenexercisedforalongtimeandtheothershaveneverbeentrainedfornavalwarfareatall.Anavalcampmustbeinstituted,thenorthernsoldierstrained,andtheJingzhoudrilled.Whentheyhavebeenmadeefficient,theywillwinvictories.""YouaretheSupremeAdmiral.Ifyouknowwhatshouldbedone,whyhaveyounotdoneit?"saidCaoCao."Whatistheuseoflingmethis?"SoCaiMaoandZhangYunorganizedanavalcampontheriverbank.Theyestablishedtwenty-four"WaterGates,"withthelargeshipsoutsideasasortoframpart,andundertheirprotectionthesmallershipswenttoandfroly.Atnightwhenthelanternsandtorcheswerelit,theveryskywasilluminated,andthewatershoneredwiththeglare.Onlandthesmokeofthecampfirescouldbetracedforonehundredwithoutabreak.EssayInthe oftranslation,peopleholddifferentideasaboutstyle.Somefeelstylecannotbeseenintranslation,whileotherthinkstylecanbetranslatedinexactlythesamewayasinthe ally,Ithinkweshouldtryourbesttorepresenttheoriginalstyletoaudiences,evenit’sverydifficult.Whyshouldwedoso?Firstofall,agoodtranslationwouldallowreaderstoappreciatethedelicacyoforiginaltexts.Asweknowthattherearemanybarrierstopreventreaderstounderstandanotherlanguage.Atranslator’sjobistoclearthosebarriersaswellasmaintaintheessenceoftheoriginaltext.Second,itcanhelptranslatorstomasterrequiredabilitiessincemaintainingtheflavoroforiginaltextisverydifficult.Ifatranslatorlackspractice,hecertainlycouldn’tfulfillthetask.Third,itcanimproveourmasteryinourmotherlanguage.manytranslatorsarefacingacrisisthattheir foundationissoweakthattheycouldn’tclearlyexpresstheideaoforiginaltext.Alloftheserequiredustotryourbestonstickingtothestyleoforiginaltext.Ifwedoso,wecanlargelyim