講義學(xué)府2017講座秋季版年

考研英語和大四六級系列等30余部。1考研英語考什么？節(jié)言（10分（（60分AB1篇文章（共500~600詞5C1篇文章（400詞150詞5（（30分A英語100詞1B~200詞1 TodayIbelieve---Thiswonderfullecturewillcompleychangemylife!TodayIbelieve---Thatallmyeffortswillproducegenerousreturns!TodayIbelieve---CGREEnglishwillbeconqueredthis Reading: New Letter Graph Directions：Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.（40points）Ifyouweretoexaminethebirthsofeverysocceryerin2006'sWorldCuptournamentyouwouldmostlikelyfindanoteworthyquirkelitesoccerlatermonths.IfyouthenexaminedtheEuropeannationalyouthteamsthatfeedtheWorldCupandprofessionalranks,youwouldfindthisstrangephenomenontobeevenmorepronounced.Whatmightaccountforthisstrangephenomenon？Hereareafewguesses：a）certainastrologicalsignsconfersuperiorsoccerskills.b）winter-bornbathestendtohavehigheroxygencapacitywhichincreasessoccerstamina.c）soccermadparentsaremorelikelytoconceivechildreninspringtimeattheannualpeakofsoccermania.d）noneoftheabove.AndersEricsson,a58-year-oldpsychologyprofessoratFloridaStateUniversity,sayshebelievesstronglyin“noneoftheabove.”EricssongrewupinSweden,andstudiednuclearengineeringuntilherealizedherealizedhewouldhavemoreopportunitytoconducthisownresearchifheswitchedtopsychology.Hisfirstexperimentnearlyyearsago,involvedmemory：traininga tohearandthenrepeatarandomseriesofnumbers.“Withthefirstsubject.afterabout20hoursoftraininghisdigitspanhadrisenfrom7to20,”Ericssonrecalls.“Hekeptimproving,andafterabout200hoursoftraininghehadrisentoover80numbers.”Thissuccesscoupledwithlaterresearchshowingthatmemoryitselfasnotgeneticallydetermined,ledEricssontoconcludethattheactofmemorizingismoreofacognitiveexercisethananintuitiveone.Inotherwords,whateverinborndifferencestwopeoplemayexhibitintheirabilitiestomemorizethosedifferencesareswampedbyhowwelleach “encodes”theinformation.Andthebestwaytolearnhowtoencodeinformationmeaningfully,Ericssondetermined,wasaprocessknownasdeliberatepractice.Deliberatepracticeentailsmorethansimplyrepeatingatask.Rather,itinvolvessettingspecificgoals,obtainingimmediatefeedbackandconcentratingasmuchontechniqueason Ericssonandhiscolleagueshavethustakentostudyingexpertperformersinawiderangeofpursuits,includingsoccer.Theygatherallthedatatheycan,notjustpredominancestatisticsandbiographicaldetailsbutalsotheresultsoftheirownlavatoryexperimentswithhighachievers.Theirworkmakesaratherstartlingassertion：thetraitwecommonlycalltalentishighlyoverrated.Or,putanotherway,expertperformerswhetherinmemoryorsurgery,balletorcomputerprogrammingarenearlyalwaysmade,notborn.[410words]ThebirthdayphenomenonfoundamongsocceryersismentionedstresstheimportanceofprofessionalspotlightthesoccersuperstarsintheWorldintroducethetopicofwhatmalesexpertexinwhysomesoccerteamsybetterthanTheword“mania”（Line4,Paragraph2）mostprobably [D]AccordingtoEricssongooddependsonmeaningfulprocessingofresultsfromintuitiveratherthancognitiveisdeterminedbygeneticratherthanpsychologicalrequiresimmediatefeedbackandahighdegreeofEricssonandhiscolleaguesbelievetalentisadominatingfactorforprofessionalbiographicaldataprovidethekeytoexcellenttheroleoftalenttendstobehighachieversowetheirsuccessmostlytoWhichofthefollowingproverbsisclosesttothemessagethetexttriesto“Faithwillmove [B]“Onereapswhatone[C]“Practicemakes [D]“Likefather,likeForthepastseveralyears,theSundaynewspapersupplementParadehasfeaturedacolumncalled“AskMarilyn.”PeopleareinvitedtoqueryMarilynvosSavant,whoatage10hadtestedatamentallevelofsomeoneabout23yearsold；thatgaveheranIQof228-thehighestscoreeverrecorded.IQtestsaskyoutocompleteverbalandvisualogies,toenvisionpaperafterithasbeenfoldedandcut,andtodeducenumericalsequences,amongothersimilartasks.SoitisabitconfusingwhenvosSavantfieldssuchqueriesfromtheaverageJoe（whoseIQis100）as,What'sthedifferencebetweenloveandfondness？Orwhatisthenatureofluckandcoincidence？It'snotobvioushowthecapacitytovisualizeobjectsandtofigureoutnumericalpatternssuitsonetoanswerquestionsthathaveeludedsomeofthebestpoetsandphilosophers.Clearly,inligence passesmorethanascoreonatest.Justwhatdoesitmeanstobesmart？Howmuchofinligencecanbespecified,andhowmuchcanwelearnaboutitfromneurology,genetics,computerscienceandotherfields？ThedefiningtermofinligenceinhumansstillseemstobetheIQscore,eventhoughIQtestsarenotgivenasoftenastheyusedtobe.Thetestcomesprimarilyintwoforms：theStanford-BinetInligenceScaleandtheWechslerInligenceScales（bothcomeinadultandchildren'sversion）.Generallycostingseveralhundreddollars,theyareusuallygivenonlybypsychologists,althoughvariationsofthempopulatebookstoresandtheWorldWideWeb.SuperhighscoreslikevosSavant’sarenolongerpossible,becausescoringisnowbasedonastatisticalpopulationdistributionamongagepecks,rathertansimplydividingthementalarebythechronologicalageandmultiplyingby100.Otherstandardizedtests,suchastheScholasticAssessmentTest（SAT）andtheGraduateRecordExam（GRE）,capturethemainaspectsofIQtests.Suchstandardizedtestsmaynotassessalltheimportantelementsnecessarytosucceedinschoolandinlife,arguesRobertJ.Sternberg.Inhisarticle“HowInligentIsInligenceTesting？”.Sternbergnotesthattraditionaltestsbestassessyticalandverbalskillsbutfailtomeasurecreativityandpracticalknowledge,componentsalsocriticaltoproblemsolvingandlifesuccess.Moreover,IQtestsdonotnecessarilypredictsowelloncepopulationsorsituationschange.ResearchhasfoundthatIQpredictedleadershipsillswhenthetestsweregivenunderlow-stressconditions,butunderhigh-stressconditions.IQwasnegativelycorrelatedwithleadership-thatisitpredictedtheopposite.AnyonewhobastoiledthroughSATwilltestifythattest-takingskillalsomatters,whetherit‘sknowingwhentoguessorwhatquestionsofskip.[451words]Whichofthefollowingmayberequiredinan ligenceFoldingorcuttingpaperintodifferentChoosingwordsorgraphssimilartothegivenWhatcanbeinferredaboutinligencetestingfromParagraphPeoplenolongeruseIQscoresasanindicatorofinMoreversionsofIQtestsarenowavailableontheThetestcontentsandformatsforadultsandchildrenmaybeScientistshavedefinedtheimportantelementsofhumaninPeoplenowadayscannolongerachieveIQscoresashighasvosSavant'sthescoresareobtainedthroughdifferentcomputationalcreativityratherthanyticalskillsisemphasizedvosSavant'scaseisanextremeonethatwillnotthedefiningcharacteristicofIQtestshasWecanconcludefromthelastparagraphtestscoresmaynotbereliableindicatorsofone'sIQscoresandSATresultsarehighlytestinginvolvesalotoftraditionaltestsareoutofWhatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsIQ [B] [C] [D]Duringthepastgeneration,theAmericanmiddle-classfamilythatoncecouldcountonhardworkandfairytokeepitselffinanciallysecurehasbeentransformedbyeconomicriskandnewrealities.Nowapinkslip,abaddiagnosis.oradisappearingspousecanreduceafamilyfromsolidlymiddleclasstonewlypoorinafewInjustonegeneration,millionsofmothershavegonetowork,transformingbasicfamilyScholars,makers,andcriticsofallstripeshavedebatedthesocialimplicationsofthesechanges,butfewhavelookedatthesideeffectfamilyriskhasrisenaswell.Today'sfamilieshavebudgetedtothelimitsoftheirnewtwo-paycheckstatus.Asaresulttheyhavelosttheparachutetheyoncehadintimesoffinancialsetback-aback-upearner（usuallyMom）whocouldgointotheworkiftheprimaryearnergotlaidofforfellsick.This“added-workereffect”couldsupportthesafetynetofferedbyunemploymentinsuranceordisabilityinsurancetohelpfamiliesweatherbadtimes.Buttoday,adisruptiontofamilyfortunescannotlongerbemadeupwithextra efromanotherwise-stay-at-homepartner.Duringthesameperiod,familieshavebeenaskedtoabsorbmuchmoreriskintheirretirement Steelworkers,airlineemployees,andnowthoseintheautoindustryarejoiningmillionsoffamilieswhomustworryaboutinterestrates,stockmarketfluctuation,andtheharshrealitythattheymayoutlivetheirretirementmoney.Formuchofthepastyear. BushnedtomoveSocialSecuritytoasavings-accountmodel,withretireestradingmuchoralloftheirguaranteedpaymentsforpaymentsdependingoninvestmentreturns.Foryoungerfamilies,thepictureisnotanybetter.Boththeabsolutecostofhealthcareandtheshareofitbornebyfamilieshaverisen-andnewlyfashionablehealth-savingsnsarespreadingfromlegislativehallstoWal-Martworkers,withmuchhigherdeductiblesandalargenewdoesofinvestmentriskforfamilies‘futurehealthcare.Evendemographicsareworkingagainstthemiddleclassfamily,astheoddsofhavingaweakelderlyparent-andalltheattendantneedforphysicalandfinancialassistancehavejumpedeightfoldinjustonegeneration.Fromthemiddle-classfamily,muchofthis,understandably,looksfarlesslikeanopportunitytoexercisemorefinancialresponsibility,andagooddealmorelikeafrighteningaccelerationofthewholesaleshiftoffinancialriskontotheiralreadyoverburdenedshoulders.Thefinancialfallouthasbegun,andthepoliticalfalloutmaynotbefarbehind.[421words] efamiliesareatgreaterfinancialriskinthesafetynettheyusedtoenjoyhastheirchancesofbeinglaidoffhavegreatlytheyaremorevulnerabletochangesinfamilytheyaredeprivedofunemploymentordisabilityAsaresultofBush'sreform,retiredpeoplemayahighersenseof [B]lesssecured[C]lesschanceto [D]aguaranteedAccordinggotheauthor,health-savingsnshelpreducethecostof [B]popularizeamongthemiddle[C]compensateforthereduced [D]increasethefamiliesinvestmentItcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphfinancialriskstendtooutweighpoliticalthemiddleclassmayfacegreaterpoliticalfinancialproblemsmaybringaboutpoliticalfinancialresponsibilityisanindicatorofpoliticalWhichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthisTheMiddleClassonthe [B]TheMiddleClassonthe[C]TheMiddleClassin[D]TheMiddleClassinItneverrainsbutitpours.Justasbossesandboardshavefinallysortedouttheirworstaccountingandcompliancetroubles,andimprovedtheirfeeblecorporationernance,anewproblemthreatenstoearnthem-especiallyinAmerica-thesortofnastyheadlinesthatinevitablyleadtoheadsrollingintheexecutivesuite：datainsecurity.Left,untilnow,toodd,low-levelITstafftoputright,andseenasaconcernonlyofdata-richindustriessuchasbanking, sandairtravel,informationprotectionisnowhighontheboss'sagendainbusinessesofeveryvariety.Severalmassiveleakagesofcustomerandemployeedatathisyear-fromorganizationsasdiverseasTimeWarner,theAmericandefensecontractorScienceApplicationsInternationalCorpandeventheUniversityofCalifornia.Berkeley-haveleftmanagershurriedlypeeringintotheirintricate11systemsandbusinessprocessesinsearchofpotentialvulnerabilities.”Datais inganassetwhichneedsnobeguardedasmuchasanyotherasset.”saysIamMendelsonofStanfordUniversity'sbusinessschool“Theabilityguardcustomerdataisthekeytomarketvalue,whichtheboardisresponsibleforonbehalfofshareholders”Indeed,justasthereistheconceptofGenerallyAcceptedAccountingPrinciples（GAAP）,perhapsitistimeforGASP.GenerallyAcceptedSecurityPractices,suggestedEliNoamofNewYork'sColumbiaBusinessSchool.“Settingtheproperinvestmentlevelforsecurity,redundancy,andrecoveryisamanagementissue,notatechnicalone.”hesays.Themysteryisthatthisshouldcomeasasurprisetoanyboss.Surelyitshouldbeobvioustothedimmestexccutivethattrust,thatmostvaluableofeconomicassets,iseasilydestroyedandhugelyexpensivetorestore-andthatfewthingsaremorelikelytodestroytrustthana lettingsensitivealdatagetintothewrongThecurrentstateofaffairsmayhavebeenencouraged-thoughnotjustified-bythelackoflegalpenalty（inAmerica,butnotEurope）fordataleakage.UntilCaliforniarecentlypassedalaw.Americanfirmsdidnothavetolanyone,eventhevictim,whendatawentastray,Ihatmaychangefastlotsofproposeddata-securitylegislationnow ngtheroundsinWashington.D.C.Meanwhile.thetheftofinformationaboutsome40millioncredit-cardaccountsinAmerica,disclosedonJune17th.overshadowedahugelyimportantdecisionadayearlierbyAmerica'sFederalTradeCommission（FTC）thatputscorporateAmericaonnoticethatregulatorswillactfirmsfailtoprovideadequatedatasecurity.[416Thestatement：“Itneverrainsbutitpours”isusedtothefiercebusiness [B]thefeebleboss-board[C]thethreatfromnews [D]theseverityofdataAccordingtoParagraph2,someorganizationschecktheirsystemstofindwhetherthereisanyweak [B]whatsortofdatahasbeen[C]whoisresponsibleforthe [D]howthepotentialspiescanbeInbringinguptheconceptofGASPtheauthorismakingthepointshareholdersinterestsshouldbeproperlyattendedinformationprotectionshouldbegivenduebusinessesshouldenhancetheirlevelofaccountingthemarketvalueofcustomerdatashouldbeAccordingtoParagraph4,whatpuzzlestheauthoristhatsomebossesfailseethelinkbetweentrustanddataprotection.[B]perceivethesensitivityofal[C]realizethehighcostofdata [D]appreciatetheeconomicvalueofItcanbeinferredfromParagraph5dataleakageismoresevereinFTC'sdecisionisessentialtodataCaliforniatakestheleadinsecuritylegalpenaltyisamajorSolomontodata案統(tǒng)計出你作對的題目個數(shù)記為N. CD贊 C.D奇妙 A.繁 D懶 A.勞 C顏 A.工 A.欣 A.完 A草 B玻 A.低 D高 A.參 B.C.大塊 D開玩11.A.D