山東省煙臺龍口市2022-2023學(xué)年高一下學(xué)期分班考試英語試題（ 含答案解析 ）

第1頁/共1頁英語階段性測試試題溫馨提示：1.本試卷共8頁，滿分90分;考試時間100分鐘。考試結(jié)束后，請將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。2.答題前，務(wù)必用0.5毫米黑色簽字筆將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號填寫在試卷和答題卡規(guī)定的位置上。3.選擇題選出答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號涂黑;如需改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其它答案標(biāo)號。4.非選擇題必須用0.5毫米黑色簽字筆作答，答案必須寫在答題卡指定區(qū)域內(nèi)相應(yīng)位置;如需改動，先劃掉原來的答案，然后再寫上新的答案;不能使用涂改液、膠帶紙、修正帶。5.在試卷上和答題卡指定區(qū)域外的答案無效。第一部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié),滿分35分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2分,滿分30分)閱讀下列短文,從短文后每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中,選出最佳選項。AHaveyoueverhadsuchanexperiencethatadaystartingoutbadjustcontinuestogetworse.Butwhy?Sometimesthere’sa“dominoeffect”withbadevents.Forexample,yousleepthroughthealarm,soyou’restressed.Andyouwillsitinthebadtraffic,whichwillalsomakeyoulatetowork,etc.Howcanweturnabaddaytoagoodday?Herearesomeideasthathaveworkedforme:SmilealotSmilingalotwillhelpyoufeelrelaxed.Researchhasshownthatsmilingproducesthreeusefulchemicalswhichmakeusfeelgood.TalktoagoodfriendTalktosomeonewhocaresandlistensreallydoeshelpusfeelbetter,too.FocusonyourgoodthingsIt’shardtofocusonhowbadthingsarewhenyou’refocusingonhowgoodthingsare!Thinkof10ormorethingsyou’rethankfulfor,andyou’llachieveawholenewoutlook(人生觀)onyourday.GetsomeexerciseIfyoucan,exercise.Exercisingwillhelpyoufeelbetteranditcangetyourdaybacktobenormalagain.MakethedayachallengeIfyoumakeyourselfthinkofthedayasachallenge,you’llstarttodoallthethingsyoucantomakeyourdaybetter.1.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrasethe“dominoeffect”meanaccordingtothepassage?A.It’saneffectthatgetsoneeventtocause(引起)othersimilareventstohappen.B.It’saneffectthatturnsagooddaytoabadday.C.It’saneffectthatmakesonepersonaffect(影響)another.D.It’saneffectthatturnsbadthingsintogoodthings.2.Howcanthethreeusefulchemicalsthatsmilingproducesmakeusfeel?A.Angry. B.Relaxed. C.Stressed. D.Worried.3.Whatwillwedoifweconsiderabaddayasachallenge?A.Wewilltryourbesttodothings. B.Wewillgiveupdoingthings.C.Wewillloseallourconfidence. D.Wewillgotoexerciseatonce.【答案】1.A2.B3.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了如何把糟糕的一天變成好的一天?！?題詳解】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線短語下文“Forexample,yousleepthroughthealarm,soyou’restressed.Andyouwillsitinthebadtraffic,whichwillalsomakeyoulatetowork,etc.”（例如，你睡過頭了，沒聽到鬧鐘，所以你很有壓力。而且你會經(jīng)歷糟糕的交通，這也會讓你上班遲到，等等。）可知，下文列舉了睡過頭這件壞事可能會引起很多件壞事，即一個事件導(dǎo)致其他類似事件發(fā)生，由此可知，“dominoeffect”指一種使一個事件導(dǎo)致其他類似事件發(fā)生的效應(yīng)。故選A項。【2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段內(nèi)容“Smilingalotwillhelpyoufeelrelaxed.Researchhasshownthatsmilingproducesthreeusefulchemicalswhichmakeusfeelgood.”（經(jīng)常微笑會讓你感到放松。研究表明，微笑會產(chǎn)生三種有用的化學(xué)物質(zhì)，使我們感覺良好。）可知，微笑會產(chǎn)生三種有用的化學(xué)物質(zhì)，使我們感覺良好，讓我們感到放松，由此可知，微笑產(chǎn)生的三種有用的化學(xué)物質(zhì)會讓我們感覺放松。故選B項?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段內(nèi)容“Ifyoumakeyourselfthinkofthedayasachallenge,you’llstarttodoallthethingsyoucantomakeyourdaybetter.”（如果你讓自己把這一天看作是一個挑戰(zhàn)，你就會開始盡你所能讓你的一天變得更好。）可知，如果我們認(rèn)為糟糕的一天是一種挑戰(zhàn)，我們就會盡自己所能讓這一天變得更好，由此可知，如果我們認(rèn)為糟糕的一天是一種挑戰(zhàn)，我們就會盡力去做事情。故選A項。BOneThursdayafternoon,whenIwasinGrade9,anewboycameintomyclassroom.Hewasshortandthin.Hewalkeduptotheteacherandtoldher,veryseriously,thathewasnew.HisnamewasChristian.Hesatdown,tookalookatme,andthenlookedaway.Ididn’tthinkhewasveryniceandIwassurehewasn’tthetypeIwouldliketomakefriendswith.Duringthatyear,Ididn’ttalktohimmuch,buthesmiledatmewhenoureyesmet,alwaysshyly.Heneveratelunchwithanybody,andhenevertalkedtoanybodybutme.ButonedayIjoinedthoseunkindkidswhoweremakingfunofhim.WemadefunofhimthoughIthoughtitwaswrong.“Haven’tyougotanyfriends?”akidaskedChristian,whohadwalkedpastusalone,withhisheaddown.“No,hehasn’tgotanyfriends.He’stoostupidandshy”Isaid.ThenChristianlookedupatmewiththesaddestdogeyesIhadeverseen.Ifeltverysorryatthatmoment.Thatnight,Icouldn’tsleepbecauseIcouldn’tgetChristian’sfaceoutofmymind.Intheweeksthatfollowed,henevermetmyeyesinclassandneversmiledatme.Itwasreallyhardformetodecidetowritehimanoteaskinghimtoforgive(原諒)me.ButIthoughtIshould.Thenextdayinclass,IwrotehimanotetellinghimhowsorryIfelt.Aboutfiveminuteslater,Iturnedandsawtearsinhiseyes.“Youwillneverrealizewhatyourapology(道歉)hasmeanttome,Jimmy”hesaidtome.“Ihopewecanbecomefriends.”WehadlunchtogetherthatnoonandwehadthebesttalkIhadeverhad.Overtheyearsathighschool,wewereclosefriends.WhenIthinkback,Irealizethat,ifIhadnotapologized,IwouldneverhaveknownwhatalovelypersonChristianwas.Apologiescanreallychangeyourlife,sonevermissthechancetotellsomebodyyouaresorry.4.Fromthepassage,weknowChristianwasa______boy.A.tallandfat B.shortandshy C.shortandactive D.lovelyandfat5.Jimmydidn’ttalktoChristianmuchatfirstbecause________.A.hedidn’tthinkChristianwasthetypehewantedtomakefriendswithB.Christianwasn’tnicetopeoplearoundhimafterhecametothenewclassC.ChristianmadefriendswithothersD.Christianhadthesaddestdogeyes6.Jimmyfelt________afterhemadefunofChristianwithotherunkindkids.A.happy B.interested C.sorry D.bored7Thisarticletellsusthat________.A.weshouldmakeanapologywhenwehurtothersB.Jimmy’sapologywasunimportanttoChristianC.Christianwasn’tlovelyinfactD.itisimpossibletosaysorrytoothers【答案】4.B5.A6.C7.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述的是作者的故事，作者曾經(jīng)因為害怕不能融入其他人而選擇取笑自己的一個朋友，幸虧作者最終意識到自己的錯誤，及時道歉，挽回了這個好朋友?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“OneThursdayafternoon,whenIwasinGrade9,anewboycameintomyclassroom.Hewasshortandthin.(一個星期四的下午，當(dāng)我在九年級的時候，一個新男孩走進(jìn)了我的教室。他又矮又瘦。)”以及第二段“Duringthatyear,Ididn’ttalktohimmuch,buthesmiledatmewhenoureyesmet,alwaysshyly.Heneveratelunchwithanybody,andhenevertalkedtoanybodybutme.(在那一年里，我很少和他說話，但當(dāng)我們的目光相遇時，他總是害羞地對我微笑。他從不和任何人一起吃午飯，除了我，他從不和任何人說話。)”可知，克里斯蒂安是個個子矮小的人，而且很害羞。故選B?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Ididn’tthinkhewasveryniceandIwassurehewasn’tthetypeIwouldliketomakefriendswith.(我不認(rèn)為他是一個很好的人，我確信他不是我想要交朋友的類型。)”可知，作者不和克里斯蒂安交朋友，是因為作者認(rèn)為他不是自己想去交朋友的人。故選A?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第五段““No,hehasn’tgotanyfriends.He’stoostupidandshy”Isaid.ThenChristianlookedupatmewiththesaddestdogeyesIhadeverseen.Ifeltverysorryatthatmoment.(“不，他沒有朋友。他太笨，太害羞了。”我說。然后克里斯蒂安抬頭看著我，眼神中流露出我從未見過的最悲傷的狗一樣的神情。那一刻我感到非常抱歉。)”可知，當(dāng)作者和其他不友善的孩子們一起取笑克里斯蒂安時，心里感到很抱歉。故選C?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段“WhenIthinkback,Irealizethat,ifIhadnotapologized,IwouldneverhaveknownwhatalovelypersonChristianwas.(當(dāng)我回想起來，我意識到，如果我沒有道歉，我永遠(yuǎn)不會知道克里斯蒂安是一個多么可愛的人。)”以及最后一段“Apologiescanreallychangeyourlife,sonevermissthechancetotellsomebodyyouaresorry.(道歉真的可以改變你的生活，所以不要錯過向別人道歉的機(jī)會。)”可知，文章主要告訴我們，當(dāng)我們傷害他人的時候我們應(yīng)該及時道歉。故選A。CIntoday’sworld,sleepexpertssaythatforabetternight’srest,AmericansshouldturnofftheirsmartphonesoriPadbeforesleeping.Suchelectronicproductsmakethebrainmoreactive,andtheninfluencetheirsleep.Butaccordingtoalatestsurvey,morethan90%ofAmericansregularlyuseacomputerorsomeotherkindsofelectronicproductsinthehourbeforebed.Researchersarefindingthatman-madelightfromsomeelectronicproductsatnightmayreducethebrainchemicals(化學(xué)物質(zhì))thathelpsleep.Theresearchersshowedthatsittinginthelightfromcomputertabletsclearlyloweredlevelsofthechemicalwhichmanagesourbodyclocksandplaysaroleinthesleepcycle.Inthestudy,theresearchersletvolunteersread,playgamesandwatchmoviesonatabletfordifferenttimewhilemeasuring(測量)howmuchlighttheireyesreceived.Theyfoundthattwohoursofsittingbeforeabrighttabletscreenatnightreducedthesleepchemicallevelsbyabout22%.Studiesofstudentsusingcomputersatnighthavegotthesimilarresults.Andresearcherssaythatmaynotonlycausesleeplessness,butalsoraisetheriskofobesity(肥胖癥),diabetes(糖尿病)andotherdiseases.Tobeonthesafeside,theresearchersadviseustousecomputerslessbeforebed,orattheveryleastturningdownyourscreenasmuchaspossible.8.Whatcanwelearnfromthefirstparagraph?A.Americansdon’tgetenoughsleep.B.Electronicproductsareverypopular.C.Thebrainbecomesmoreactiveatnight.D.Sleepexpertsneverusesmartphones.9.ThevolunteersinthestudydidthefollowingthingsEXCEPT________.A.listeningtomusicB.playingcomputergamesC.watchingmoviesD.readingelectronicbooks10.Theunderlinedword“that”probablymeans________inthepassage.A.makingasurveyaboutsleepBusingsmartphonesinthedaytimeC.sittinginabrightroomD.usingcomputersatnight11.Whatdoesthepassagetellustodotohaveagoodsleep?A.LearntousesmartphonesoriPad.B.WatchsomerelaxingTVprograms.C.Turndownthescreentothelowest.D.Trytosleepearlierthanbefore.【答案】8.B9.A10.D11.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一項新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，該研究表明由于很多美國人經(jīng)常在睡前一小時使用電腦或其他一些電子產(chǎn)品，導(dǎo)致這些人大腦活躍，因而影響了他們的睡眠?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Intoday’sworld,sleepexpertssaythatforabetternight’srest,AmericansshouldturnofftheirsmartphonesoriPadbeforesleeping.Suchelectronicproductsmakethebrainmoreactive,andtheninfluencetheirsleep.Butaccordingtoalatestsurvey,morethan90%ofAmericansregularlyuseacomputerorsomeotherkindsofelectronicproductsinthehourbeforebed.(在當(dāng)今世界，睡眠專家表示，為了在晚上得到更好的休息，美國人應(yīng)該在睡覺前關(guān)閉智能手機(jī)或iPad。這些電子產(chǎn)品使大腦更加活躍，從而影響他們的睡眠。但根據(jù)一項最新調(diào)查，超過90%的美國人經(jīng)常在睡前一小時使用電腦或其他一些電子產(chǎn)品。)”可知，有超過90%的美國人經(jīng)常在睡前一小時使用電腦或其他一些電子產(chǎn)品，由此可以判斷電子產(chǎn)品在美國很受歡迎。故選B?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Inthestudy,theresearchersletvolunteersread,playgamesandwatchmoviesonatabletfordifferenttimewhilemeasuring(測量)howmuchlighttheireyesreceived.(在這項研究中，研究人員讓志愿者在不同的時間在平板電腦上閱讀、玩游戲和看電影，同時測量他們的眼睛接收到多少光線。)”可知，研究人員讓志愿者在平板電腦上閱讀、玩游戲和看電影，沒有聽音樂。故選A?！?0題詳解】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)劃線單詞的上一句“Studiesofstudentsusingcomputersatnighthavegotthesimilarresults.(對學(xué)生夜間使用電腦的研究也得到了類似的結(jié)果。)”可知，下文是對學(xué)生夜間使用電腦的研究結(jié)果。那么劃線單詞后“maynotonlycausesleeplessness,butalsoraisetheriskofobesity(肥胖癥),diabetes(糖尿病)andotherdiseases.(不僅會導(dǎo)致失眠，還會增加患肥胖癥、糖尿病和其他疾病的風(fēng)險。)”指的自然是學(xué)生夜間使用電腦帶來的后果。所以劃線單詞that指的是“夜間使用電腦”。故選D?！?1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Tobeonthesafeside,theresearchersadviseustousecomputerslessbeforebed,orattheveryleastturningdownyourscreenasmuchaspossible.(為了安全起見，研究人員建議我們睡前少用電腦，或者至少盡可能地調(diào)低屏幕。)”可知，文章認(rèn)為如果想要擁有好的睡眠，我們可以睡前少用電腦或者盡可能將屏幕調(diào)低。故選C。DBoris,aforeignstudentatCommunicationUniversityofChina,oftenshareshisexperiencesofChinesecultureonhisvlog(視頻博客).Inonevideo,forexample,BorissharedhowhehadlearnedtheChineseworddongxi.Hetranslatedeachpartseparatelyinto“eastwest”.Andheintroducedonetheory(說法)abouthowdongxicametomean“things”.HetoldpeoplethatallmarketplacesinancientChinesecitiesweresetupalongasingleroadthatranfromeasttowest.Sowhenyouwouldsayqumaidongxi,you’dbesaying,“I’mgoingtobuythings.”SomeothervideosshowhisreadingChinesepoemsandperformingkungfuinChinesetraditionalcostume,whicharequitewelcomeamonghis40,000followers.“ManyofmyfollowersarelearningChinese,”Borissaid.“Butsadly,theyknowlittleaboutChinesecultureandthecountry.”Likemanyforeigners,BorisoncebelievedthatallChinesecouldperformkungfu,flyingontoroofsandwalkingoverwalls.Hethoughtthecountrywasnotthatdeveloped.Butafterhegotascholarship(獎學(xué)金)tostudyinChina,hisviewchanged.“Chinahasenteredanewperiod,butmanypeople’simpressionsofChinaarestillstuckinthe1970s,”Borissaid.“That’swhyIstartedtoshootvlogstoshareChineseculturein2019.”Untilnow,Borishaspostedmorethan40Chineseculturevlogsonline.Butmakingthesevlogsisnoteasy.TakereadingthepoemSecondFarewelltoCambridgebyXuZhimoasanexample.“Icanunderstandandreadeverywordinthepoem,”Borissaid.“Buttotouchreaders,Ineedtouseproperfeelingswhilereading.”Soheneededtolookformuchbackgroundinformationandmakehisfeelingssuiteachpartofthepoem.Thoughshootingthesevlogstakeslotsoftime,theyoungmanfeelsproudthathisvlogshaveinspiredmanypeople.Borissaidthathewantedtocontinuebridgingthedifferencesbetweentwocultures.“Thisgoalmaynotbeachievedeasily,butIwillsparenoeffortstodomypart.”12.Throughthevlogs,Borismainlywantsto______..A.teachforeignersChinese B.introduceaChineseuniversityC.sellChineseproducts D.sharehisexperiencesinChina13.BorislearnedtheChineseworddongxiby_______..A.translatingitasawhole B.knowingitsculturalbackgroundC.makingupsomesentences D.comparingitwithsimilarwords14.WhatinspiredBoristoshootvlogs?A.Hishungerfornewtechnology. B.HiswishtoshowtherealChina.C.HisinterestinChineseculture. D.Hisdreamtobeabigvlogger.15.ThepoemSecondFarewelltoCambridgeismentionedto_______..A.meetthefollowers’needs B.expressBoris’sloveforpoemsC.showBoris’seffortsatvlog-making D.giveanexampleofChineseculture【答案】12.D13.B14.B15.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。中國傳媒大學(xué)的一名外國留學(xué)生鮑里斯通過視頻博客分享他在中國的經(jīng)歷，展示中國的文化?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)首段“Boris,aforeignstudentatCommunicationUniversityofChina,oftenshareshisexperiencesofChinesecultureonhisvlog(視頻博客).(鮑里斯是中國傳媒大學(xué)的一名外國留學(xué)生，他經(jīng)常在自己的視頻博客上分享他對中國文化的體驗。)”可知，通過視頻博客，鮑里斯主要想分享他在中國的經(jīng)歷。故選D。【13題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第三四句“Andheintroducedonetheory(說法)abouthowdongxicametomean“things”.HetoldpeoplethatallmarketplacesinancientChinesecitiesweresetupalongasingleroadthatranfromeasttowest.Sowhenyouwouldsayqumaidongxi,you’dbesaying,“I’mgoingtobuythings.”(他還介紹了“東西”一詞的由來。他告訴人們，中國古代城市的所有市場都是沿著一條從東到西的單一道路建立的。所以當(dāng)你說qumaidongxi的時候，你會說，“我要去買東西?！?”可知，鮑里斯通過了解中國的文化背景，學(xué)會了“東西”這個詞。故選B。【14題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段““ManyofmyfollowersarelearningChinese,”Borissaid.“Butsadly,theyknowlittleaboutChinesecultureandthecountry.”(“我的很多粉絲都在學(xué)中文，”鮑里斯說?！暗z憾的是，他們對中國文化和這個國家知之甚少?！?”以及第五段末句“Borissaid.“That’swhyIstartedtoshootvlogstoshareChineseculturein2019.”(鮑里斯說?！斑@就是為什么我在2019年開始拍攝視頻博客來分享中國文化?！?”可知，因為粉絲對中國文化和這個國家知之甚少，不了解真正的中國，所以鮑里斯開始拍攝視頻博客來分享中國文化。故選B。【15題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段最后兩句“Butmakingthesevlogsisnoteasy.TakereadingthepoemSecondFarewelltoCambridgebyXuZhimoasanexample.(但制作這些視頻博客并不容易。以徐志摩的詩《再別康橋》為例。)”可知，徐志摩的詩《再別康橋》被提及是為了說明鮑里斯制作這些視頻博客并不容易。故選C。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1分,滿分5分)閱讀下面短文,從短文后的選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有一項為多余選項。Doyouwanttocelebrateyourbirthdayinspace?Itwouldbeverydifferentfromwhatyoumightdoonearth.Forexample,yourbirthdaycakewouldbeflying.Thecandlescouldnotbelitbecauseastronautscannotstartafireinthespaceship._____16_____Voicesarealmosttheonlythingsthatarenotchangedbybeingweightless,whichmeansthateverythinghasalmostnoweightinspace.Someastronautsfeelsickforthefirstfewdaysinspace.Somefeelasiftheyhaveacoldallthetime.That’sbecausewithoutgravity(引力),thefluids(液體)intheirbodiesmovetowardstheirheads.Theirfaceslookalittlefatter._____17_____.Andbecausegravityisnotpressingonthespine(脊椎).Thespinerelaxesandstretches(舒展)._____18_____Butwhentheycomebackonearth,theyturntotheirregularheight.Sincenothinghasweight,astronautscanlift(舉起)heavyobjectseasily._____19_____However,itishardertostaystillinspacethantomovearound,sotheastronautsalwaysholdontosomethingortiethemselvestosomething._____20_____A.Forthesamereason,theirwaists(腰圍)getsmaller.B.Theycanevenlifteachother.C.TherearepiecesofVelcrotostickthingsinordertokeepthemfromfloating(漂浮)around.D.YourfriendscouldstillsingHappyBirthdaytoYou.E.Astronautsgrowoneortwoinches(英寸)inspace.F.Inspace,boneandmusclesgetweaker.【答案】16.D17.A18.E19.B20.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了在太空慶祝生日和在地球上慶祝生日有什么不同?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)空后內(nèi)容“Voicesarealmosttheonlythingsthatarenotchangedbybeingweightless,whichmeansthateverythinghasalmostnoweightinspace.(嗓音幾乎是唯一不會因失重而改變的東西，這意味著在太空中幾乎沒有任何東西的重量。)”可知，嗓音是太空中唯一不會因失重而改變的。選項D“YourfriendscouldstillsingHappyBirthdaytoYou.(你的朋友仍然可以唱“祝你生日快樂”。)”與下文內(nèi)容一致，指的都是在太空中可以唱生日歌。故選D?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)空前內(nèi)容“That’sbecausewithoutgravity(引力),thefluids(液體)intheirbodiesmovetowardstheirheads.Theirfaceslookalittlefatter.(這是因為在沒有重力的情況下，他們體內(nèi)的液體會流向頭部。他們的臉看起來有點胖。)”可知，空前講述的是由于沒有重力，液體會流向頭部。選項A“Forthesamereason,theirwaists(腰圍)getsmaller.(出于同樣的原因，他們的腰圍也變小了。)”符合上文內(nèi)容，因為液體流向頭部，臉看起來胖，相對應(yīng)的，腰圍變小了。故選A?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)空前內(nèi)容“Andbecausegravityisnotpressingonthespine(脊椎).Thespinerelaxesandstretches(舒展).(因為重力沒有壓在脊椎上。脊柱放松和伸展。)”可知，在太空中，重力沒有壓在脊椎上，脊柱會放松和伸展。而空后內(nèi)容“Butwhentheycomebackonearth,theyturntotheirregularheight.(但是當(dāng)他們回到地球上時，他們會恢復(fù)到正常的高度。)”可知，空處指的是宇航員在太空中會高些。選項E“Astronautsgrowoneortwoinches(英寸)inspace.(航天員在太空中長高一到兩英寸。)”符合上下文內(nèi)容。故選E。19題詳解】根據(jù)空前內(nèi)容“Sincenothinghasweight,astronautscanlift(舉起)heavyobjectseasily.(因為沒有任何東西有重量，宇航員可以很容易地舉起重物。)”可知，由于太空中沒有重力，所以宇航員可以輕易舉起重物。選項B“Theycanevenlifteachother.(他們甚至可以舉起對方。)”與上文內(nèi)容一致，指的是由于沒有重力，宇航員甚至可以舉起對方。故選B。【20題詳解】根據(jù)空前內(nèi)容“However,itishardertostaystillinspacethantomovearound,sotheastronautsalwaysholdontosomethingortiethemselvestosomething.(然而，在太空中保持靜止比四處走動更難，所以宇航員總是抓住什么東西或把自己綁在什么東西上。)”可知，在太空中，東西很難保持靜止。選項C“TherearepiecesofVelcrotostickthingsinordertokeepthemfromfloating(漂浮)around.(有幾塊魔術(shù)貼可以粘住東西，防止它們四處飄浮。)”是上文內(nèi)容的延續(xù)，由于東西四處飄浮，所以宇航員用魔術(shù)貼粘住東西。故選C。第二部分語言知識應(yīng)用(共兩節(jié),滿分25分)第一節(jié)完形填空(共10小題;每小題1分,滿分10分)閱讀下面短文,從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中,選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。Itwasasunnydayyesterday.Afterawholeday’sworkinmyoffice,Iwalkedhome.Onthebusystreet,Isawayoungman_____21_____somesmalltoysaroundthecorner.Usually,Iwouldhurrypastsuchsellersandneverbuyanything.ButwhenInoticedhewas_____22_____,Idecidedtostandthereforsometime.Iwantedtoseehowhesoldhistoys.Soon,alittlegirlcamewithhermotherandwantedatoythatcould_____23_____anoise.Kidslikedsuchtoysbecausethenoisesoundedreallyfunny.Thetoywas18yuan.Themother_____24_____outa20-yuannote.Shetoldtheyoungmanhowmuchshewasgivinghimandwantedthechange(找零)_____25_____.Iwaswonderingwhathewasgoingtodonext.Hetoldthemothertoputthemoneyinhisbagandgetthechange_____26_____.Thenshedidso.Whattheyoungmandidshockedme.Hechosetotrustpeopleevenifhecouldn’tsee.Heletmeknowbelievinginpeopleisa_____27_____thing.Itbringsuswarmthandlove.IwassotouchedthatImadeadecisiontobuyatoyalthoughIdidn’tneeditatall.Hesaidit_____28_____18yuanandItoldhimthatIhadonlyone20-yuannote.Againhetoldmetodothesamethingasthemother.Iputmy20yuaninhisbag,butIdidn’ttakeanychange.AsIwalkeddownthestreet,IsawanotherlittlegirlwithherfatherandgaveherthetoyIbought.Shelookedatmeinsurpriseandthenthankedme_____29_____Iwashappytoseethesmileonherface.Theyoungmanwasagoodexampletousall.Onmywayhome,Ikeptthinkingtheworldwouldbeabetterplaceifweallcouldlearntotrustpeoplemore,justliketheyoungblind______30______.21.A.using B.buying C.selling D.washing22A.fat B.deaf C.short D.blind23.A.hear B.make C.avoid D.mind24.A.cut B.kept C.took D.worked25.A.up B.out C.off D.back26.A.itself B.herself C.myself D.yourself27.A.beautiful B.bad C.silly D.direct28.A.paid B.bought C.cost D.sold29.A.politely B.unluckily C.simply D.angrily30.A.girl B.father C.boy D.man【答案】21.C22.D23.B24.C25.D26.B27.A28.C29.A30.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者在路邊看到一位盲人賣玩具的故事。雖然他看不見,但他愿意選擇相信他人，這讓作者非常感動。【21題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：在繁忙的街道上，我看到一個年輕人在拐角處賣一些小玩具。A.using使用；B.buying買；C.selling賣；D.washing洗。根據(jù)“Usually,Iwouldhurrypastsuchsellersandneverbuyanything.”可知，年輕人正在賣東西。故選C?！?2題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：但當(dāng)我注意到他是盲人時，我決定在那里站一會兒。A.fat胖的；B.deaf聾的；C.short短的；D.blind瞎的。根據(jù)第四段“Hechosetotrustpeopleevenifhecouldn’tsee.”可知，這位賣玩具的年輕人是瞎的。故選D?！?3題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：不久，一個小女孩和她的媽媽來了，她想要一個能發(fā)出聲音的玩具。A.hear聽到；B.make制造；C.avoid避免；D.mind介意。makeanoise發(fā)出響聲。根據(jù)“Kidslikedsuchtoysbecausethenoisesoundedreallyfunny.”可知，小女孩要買的這種玩具能發(fā)出響聲。故選B?！?4題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：母親拿出一張20元的鈔票。A.cut砍；B.kept保存；C.took帶走；D.worked工作。takeout取出，拿出。根據(jù)“a20-yuannote.”可知，孩子的母親取出20元買這個玩具。故選C?！?5題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：她告訴年輕人她給了他多少錢，并想要回零錢。A.up向上；B.out外出；C.off離開；D.back回來。根據(jù)“Thetoywas18yuan.”可知，小女孩母親拿出20元，玩具18元，所以需要找回零錢。故選D?！?6題詳解】考查代詞詞義辨析。句意：他讓那位母親把錢放在他的包里，自己去找零。A.itself它自己；B.herself她自己；C.myself我自己；D.yourself你自己。根據(jù)“Hetoldthemothertoputthemoneyinhisbagandgetthechange”可知，年輕人讓母親自己找零錢。代指母親自己，用反身代詞herself。故選B?！?7題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：他讓我知道相信別人是一件美好的事情。A.beautiful美好的；B.bad壞的；C.silly傻的；D.direct直接的。根據(jù)“Itbringsuswarmthandlove.”可知，信任別人是一件美好的事情，給人帶來溫暖和愛。故選A?！?8題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：他說需要18元，我告訴他我只有一張20元的鈔票。A.paid支付；B.bought買；C.cost花費；D.sold賣。根據(jù)“18yuanandItoldhimthatIhadonlyone20-yuannote.”可知，作者選的玩具需要花費18元。故選C?！?9題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：她驚訝地看著我，然后禮貌地感謝我，我很高興看到她臉上的微笑。A.politely禮貌地；B.unluckily不幸地；C.simply簡單地；D.angrily生氣。根據(jù)“AsIwalkeddownthestreet,IsawanotherlittlegirlwithherfatherandgaveherthetoyIbought.”可知，作者把玩具給小女孩，所以小女孩對作者表示禮貌地感謝。故選A。【30題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在回家的路上，我一直在想，如果我們都能像那個年輕的盲人一樣，學(xué)會更加信任別人，這個世界將會變得更美好。A.girl女孩；B.father父親；C.boy男孩；D.man男人。根據(jù)“Onthebusystreet,Isawayoungman_____1_____somesmalltoysaroundthecorner.”可知，如果我們都像這個年輕的盲人小伙子，世界將變得更加美好。故選D。第二節(jié)語法填空(共10小題;每小題1.5分,滿分15分)閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入一個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Thefastestdriverlesstrainisrunningonthefirstsmarthigh-speedrailwayintheworld.It_____31_____(call)Fuxing,runningontheBeijing-Zhangjiakouhigh-speedrailway.ItconnectsBeijingandZhangjiakou—thetwohost_____32_____(city)ofthe2022WinterOlympics.Thenewhigh-speedrailwaywasbuiltalonganoldhistoricrailway,theBeijing-Zhangjiakourailway.Itwasknown_____33_____thefirstrailwaydesignedandbuiltbyChinesepeoplealone.Itwascompletedin1909andwasdesignedbyZhangTianyou,the“FatherofChina’sRailway”.ThetrainontherailwayisthefirstofitskindthatiscoveredbyChina’sBeidouNavigationSatelliteSystem(北斗衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)).Thetrainrunsbetweenstationsallby_____34_____(it).Itstartsandstops,opensandclosesdoors,aswellasdealswithwhathappens_____35_____(sudden).What’smore,thetraincanberepairedbyrobots.Allthestationsalongtherailwayhavedifferentrobotstoworkforpassengers(乘客),like_____36_____(carry)luggageandgivingdirections.Thereare10stationsalongthe174-kilometerrailway.Thetraincanrun_____37_____(quick),andthetraveltimebetweenthetwocitiesiscutdown_____38_____over3hoursto47minutes.NowChinahas_____39_____(excellent)high-speedrailwaysystemintheworld.From35to350kilometersperhour,thebotholdandyoungrailwayisawitness(見證者)totherapid______40______(develop)ofChina’srailway.【答案】31.iscalled32.cities33.as34.itself35.suddenly36.carrying37.quickly38.from39.themostexcellent40.development【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文的一篇新聞報道。文章主要報道了中國第一條智能化自動駕駛的高速鐵路——京張鐵路，它同時也是全球第一條智能化自動駕駛的高速鐵路?！?1題詳解】考查時態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：它被稱為復(fù)興號，運行在京張高速鐵路上。這里為本句謂語動詞，根據(jù)上下文可知，時態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時；主語為it，單數(shù)，和動詞call之間為被動關(guān)系，所以用被動語態(tài)。故填iscalled?！?2題詳解】考查名詞的數(shù)。句意：它連接了北京和張家口這兩個2022年冬奧會的主辦城市。根據(jù)空前的“two”可知，空處為名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填cities?！?3題詳解】考查固定搭配。句意：它被稱為中國人民獨自設(shè)計和建造的第一條鐵路。固定搭配：beknownas，意為“被……稱作”。故填as?！?4題詳解】考查固定搭配。句意：這列火車在車站之間自動運行。固定搭配：byoneself，意為：自發(fā)地、自動地。故填itself?！?5題詳解】考查副詞。句意：它啟動和停止，打開和關(guān)閉門，以及處理突然發(fā)生的事情。修飾動詞happen用副詞形式。故填suddenly。【36題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：鐵路沿線的所有車站都有不同的機(jī)器人為乘客工作，比如提行李和指路。介詞之后用動詞的ving形式擔(dān)當(dāng)賓語。故填carrying?！?7題詳解】考查副詞。句意：高鐵運行速度很快，兩座城市之間的旅行時間從3個多小時縮短到47分鐘。修飾動詞run用副詞。故填quickly。【38題詳解】考查介詞。句意：高鐵運行速度很快，兩座城市之間的旅行時間從3個多小時縮短到47分鐘。短語：from…to…，意為“從……到……”。故填from?！?9題詳解】考查形容詞最高級。句意：現(xiàn)在中國擁有世界上最優(yōu)秀的高速鐵路系統(tǒng)。根據(jù)intheworld和句意可知，空處為最高級作定語，修飾名詞短語high-speedrailwaysystem，故填themostexcellent?！?0題詳解】考查名詞。句意：從每小時35公里到350公里，這條老鐵路和新鐵路共同見證了中國鐵路的快速發(fā)展。根據(jù)空前的rapid可知，空處為名詞形式，作賓語，表示“發(fā)展”為不可數(shù)名詞。故填development。第三部分書面表達(dá)(共兩節(jié),滿分30分)第一節(jié)閱讀表達(dá)(共5小題;每小題2分,滿分10分)閱讀下面短文，完成短文后的問題。WhydoChinesepeoplethinkgettingahaircutinthefirstlunarmonthwillharmtheiruncles?InChinesetradition,itissaidthatgettingahaircutduringthefirstlunarmonthwouldcauseone’smother’sbrothertodie.Althoughthisisnottrue,somepeoplestillchoosetoavoidcuttingtheirhairduringthistime.TheywaituntilDragonHead-Raising(龍?zhí)ь^),theseconddayofthesecondlunarmonth,tolineupoutsidebarbershops(理發(fā)店).Nobodyknowswhyhaircutshaveanythingtodowithone’suncles.Onepopulartheory(理論)saysthetraditionmighthavestartedduringtheearlyyearsoftheQingDynasty(清朝).Atthetime,asnewrulers,theManchupeopleforcedtheHanpeopletocuttheirhairintheManchustyle.ManyHanpeoplerefusedtodoit.Theydecidednottocuttheirhairduringthefirstlunarmonth,sayingitwasto“commemoratetheformerdynasty”,orinChinese,“思舊”.Since“思舊”soundsverysimilarto“deaduncle”,theremayhavebeenamisunderstandingandthusthe“nohaircut”tradition.AncientChinesepeoplethoughtthatthehumanbody,includingone’sskinandhair,wassomethingthatwasnaturallygivenbyone’sparentsandshouldnotbechanged.Therefore,theycherishedtheirhairverymuchandconsideredcuttinghairtobeagreatinsult(侮辱)toone’sparents.Butthisdoesn’tmeantheynevertookcareoftheirhair.Theywouldwash,combandtrim(修整)theirhairregularly.41.WhydomanyChinesepeopleavoidcuttingtheirhairduringthefirstlunarmonth?___________________________________________________________42.Accordingtoonepopulartheory,whendidthe“nohaircut”traditionstart?___________________________________________________________43.Manypeoplerefusedtocuttheirhairandusedthefirstlunarmonthto.___________________________________________________________44.WhatdidancientChinesepeoplethinkoftheirskinandhair?___________________________________________________________45.HowdidancientChinesepeopletakecareoftheirhair?___________________________________________________________【答案】41.Becauseitissaidthatgettingahaircutduringthefirstlunarmonthwouldcauseone’sunclestodie.42.DuringtheearlyyearsoftheQingDynasty.43.commemoratetheformerdynasty.44.Itwassomethingthatwasnaturallygivenbyone’sparentsandshouldnotbechanged.45.Theywouldwash,combandtrimtheirhairregularly./Bywashing,combingandtrimmingtheirhairregularly.【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章簡要介紹了中國人正月里不剪頭發(fā)的由來?！?1題詳解】考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二