2015十年英語二真題及答案解析

SectionⅠUseofANSWERSHEET1.（10points）Inourcontemporaryculture,theprospectofcommunicatingwith--orevenlookingat--astrangerisvirtuallyunbearable.Everyonearoundusseemstoagreebythewaytheyfiddlewiththeirphones,evenwithouta1It'sasadreality--ourdesiretoavoidinctingwithotherhumanbeings--becausethere's2tobegainedfromtalkingtothestrangerstandingbyyou.Butyouwouldn'tknowit,3intoyourphone.Thisuniversalarmorsendsthe4:"Pleasedon'tapproachme."Whatisitthatmakesusfeelweneedtohide5ourOneanswerisfear,accordingtoJonWortmann,executivementalcoach.Wefearrejection,orthatourinnocentsocialadvanceswillbe6as"creepy,".Wefearwe'llbe7.Wefearwe'llbedisruptive.Strangersareinherently8tous,sowearemorelikelytofeel9whencommunicatingwiththemcomparedwithourfriendsandacquaintances.Toavoidthisanxiety,we10toourphones."Phones eoursecurityblanket,"Wortmannsays."Theyareourhappyglassesthatprotectusfromwhatweperceiveisgoingtobemore11."Butonceweripoffthebandaid,tuckoursmartphonesinourpocketsandlookup,itdoesn't12sobad.Inone2011experiment,behavioralscientistsNicholasEpleyandJulianaSchroederaskedcommuterstodotheunthinkable:Starta13.TheyhadChicagotraincommuterstalktotheirfellow14."WhenDr.EpleyandMs.Schroederaskedotherpeopleinthesametrainstationto15howtheywouldfeelaftertalkingtoastranger,thecommutersthoughttheir16wouldbemorepleasantiftheysatontheirown,"theNewYorkTimessummarizes.Thoughtheparticipantsdidn'texpectapositiveexperience,afterthey17withtheexperiment,"notasinglereportedhavingbeensnubbed."18,thesecommuteswerereportedlymoreenjoyablecomparedwiththosesanscommunication,whichmakesabsolutesense,19humanbeingsthriveoffofsocialconnections.It'sthat20:Talkingtostrangerscanmakeyoufeelconnected.[A]ticket[B]permit[C]signall[D][A]nothing[B]link[C]another[D][A]beaten[B]guided[C]plugged[D][A]message[B]cede[C]notice[D][A]under[B]beyond[C]behind[D][A]misinterprete[B]misapplied[C]misadjusted[D][A]fired[B]judged[C]reced[D][A]unreasonable[B]ungreatful[C]unconventional[D][A]comfortable[B]anxious[C]confident[D][A]attend[B]point[C]take[D][A]dangerous[B]mysterious[C]violent[D][A]hurt[B]resist[C]bend[D][A]lecture[B]conversation[C]debate[D][A]trainees[B]employees[C]researchers[D][A]reveal[B]choose[C]predictl[D][A]voyage[B]flight[C]walk[D][A]wentthrough[B]didaway[C]caughtup[D]put[A]Inturn[B]Inparticular[C]Infact[D]In[A]unless[B]since[C]if[D][A]funny[B]simple[C]logical[D]SectionIIReadingComprehensionPartAReadthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)Anewstudysuggeststhatcontrarytomostsurveys,peopleareactuallymorestressedathomethatatwork.Researchersmeasuredpeople’scortisol,whichisstressmarker,whiletheywereatworkandwhiletheywereathomeandfoundithigheratwhatissupposedtobeaceofrefuge.“Furthercontradictingconventionalwisdom,wefoundthatwomenaswellasmenhavelowerlevelsofstressatworkthanathome,”writesoneoftheresearchers,SarahDamaske.Infactwomenevensaytheyfeelbetteratwork,shenotes,“Itismen,notwomen,whoreportbeinghappierathomethanatwork.”Anothersurpriseisthatthefindingsholdtrueforboththosewithchildrenandwithout,butmoresofornonparents.Thisiswhypeoplewhoworkoutsidethehomehavebetterhealth.Whatthestudydoesn’tmeasureiswhetherpeoplearestillngworkwhenthey’reathome,whetheritishouseholdworkorworkbroughthomefromtheoffice.Formanymen,theendoftheworkdayisatimetokickback.Forwomenwhostayhome,theynevergettoleavetheoffice.Andforwomenwhoworkoutsidethehome,theyoftenareyingcatch-up-with-householdtasks.Withtheblurringofroles,andthefactthatthehomefrontlagswellbehindtheworkceinmakingadjustmentsforworkingwomen,it’snotsurprisingthatwomenaremorestressedathome.Butit’snotjustagenderthing.Atwork,peopleprettymuchknowwhatthey’resupposedtobeng:working,makingmoney,ngthetaskstheyhavetodoinordertodrawan e.Thebargainisverypure:Employeeputsinhoursofphysicalormentallaborandemployeedrawsoutlife-sustainingmoola.Onthehomefront,however,peoplehavenosuchclarity.Rareisthehouseholdinwhichthedivisionoflaborissoclinicallyandmethodicallylaidout.Therearealotoftaskstobedone,thereareinadequaterewardsformostofthem.Yourhomecolleagues-yourfamily-havenoclearrewardsfortheirlabor;theyneedtobetalkedintoit,orifthey’reteenagers,threatenedwithcompleteremovalofallelectronicdevices.Plus,they’reyourfamily.Youcannotfireyourfamily.Youneverreallygettogohomefromhome.Soit’snotsurprisingthatpeoplearemorestressedathome.Notonlyarethetasksapparentlyinfinite,theco-workersaremuchhardertomotivate.AccordingtoParagraph1,mostprevioussurveysfoundthat wasanunrealisticceforgeneratedmorestressthantheworkwasanidealceforstressofferedgreaterrelaxationthantheworkAccordingtoDamaske,whoarelikelytobethehappiestatChildlessChildlessTheblurringofworkingwomen’srolesreferstothefact theyarebothbreadwinnersandtheirhomeisalsoaceforkickingthereisoftenmuchhouseworkleftitisdifficultforthemtoleavetheirTheword“moola”(Line4,Para4)mostprobably Thehomefrontdiffersfromtheworkcein homeishardlyacozierworkingdivisionoflaborathomeisseldomclear-householdtasksaregenerallymorefamilylaborisoftenadequayrewardedForyears,studieshavefoundthatfirst-generationcollegestudents-thosewhodonothaveaparentwithacollegedegree-lagotherstudentsonarangeofeducationachievementfactors.Theirgradesarelowerandtheirdropoutratesarehigher.Butsincesuchstudentsaremostlikelytoadvanceeconomicallyiftheysucceedinhighereducation,collegesanduniversitieshavepushedfordecadestorecruitmoreofthem.Thishascreated“aparadox”inthatrecruitingfirst-generationstudents,butthenwatchingmanyofthemfail,meansthathighereducationhas“toreproduceandwiden,ratherthanclose”abachievementgapbasedonsocialclass,accordingtothedepressingbeginningofapaper inginthejournalPsychologicalScience.Butthearticleisactuallyquiteoptimistic,asitoutlinesapotentialsolutiontothisproblem,suggestingthatanapproach(whichinvolvesaone-hour,next-to-no-costprogram)canclose63percentoftheachievementgap(measuredbysuchfactorsasgrades)betweenfirst-generationandotherstudents.Theauthorsofthepaperarefromdifferentuniversities,andtheirfindingsarebasedonastudyinvolving147students(whocompletedtheproject)atanunnamedprivateuniversity.Firstgenerationwasdefinedasnothavingaparentwithafour-yearcollegedegree.Mostofthefirst-generationstudents(59.1percent)wererecipientsofPellGrants,afederalgrantforundergraduateswithfinancialneed,whilethiswastrueonlyfor8.6percentofthestudentswitatleastoneparentwithafour-yeardegree.Theirthesis-thatarelativelymodestinterventioncouldhaveabigimpact-wasbasedontheviewthatfirst-generationstudentsmaybemostlackingnotinpotentialbutinpracticalknowledgeabouthowtodealwiththeissuesthatfacemostcollegestudents.Theycitepastresearchbyseveralauthorstoshowthatthisisthegapthatmustbenarrowedtoclosetheachievementgap.Manyfirst-generationstudents“struggletonavigatethemiddle-classcultureofhighereducation,learnthe‘rulesofthegame,’andtakeadvantageofcollegeresources,”theywrite.Andthis esmoreofaproblemwhencollagesdon’ttalkabouttheclassadvantageanddisadvantagesofdifferentgroupsofstudents.BecauseUScollegesanduniversitiesseldomacknowledgehowsocialclasscanaffectstudents’educationalexperience,manyfirst-generationstudentslacksightaboutwhytheyarestrugglinganddonotunderstandhowstudents’likethemcanimprove.Recruitingmorefirst-generationstudents reducedtheirdropoutnarrowedtheachievementmisseditsoriginaldepressedcollegeTheauthoroftheresearcharticleareoptimistic theproblemistheirapproachistherecruitingratehastheirfindingappealtoThestudysuggeststhatmostfirst-generation studyatprivatearefromsingle-parentareinneedoffinancialhavefailedtheirTheauthorofthepaperbelievethatfirst-generation areactuallyindifferenttotheachievementcanhaveapotentialinfluenceonothermaylackopportunitiestoapplyforresearchareinexperiencedinhandlingtheirissuesatWemayinferfromthelastparagraph universitiesoftenrejectthecultureofthemiddle-studentsareusuallytoblamefortheirlackofsocialclassgreatlyhelpsenricheducationalexperiences[D]collegesarepartlyresponsiblefortheprobleminquestionEvenintraditionaloffices,“thelinguafrancaofcorporateAmericahasgottenmuchmoreemotionalandmuchmoreright-brainedthanitwas20yearsago,”saidHarvardBusinessSchoolprofessorNancyKoehn.Shestartedspinningoffexamples.“IfyouandIparachutedbacktoFortune500companiesin1990,wewouldseemuchlessfrequentuseoftermslikejourney,mission,passion.Thereweregoals,therewerestrategies,therewereobjectives,butwedidn’ttalkaboutenergy;wedidn’ttalkaboutpassion.”Koehnpointedoutthatthisneweraofcorporatevocabularyisvery“team”-oriented—andnotbycoincidence.“Let’snotforgetsports—inmale-dominatedcorporateAmerica,it’sstillabigdeal.It’snotexplicitlyconscious;it’stheideathatI’macoach,andyou’remyteam,andwe’reinthistogether.TherearelotsandlotsofCEOsinverydifferentcompanies,butmostthinkofthemselvesascoachesandthisistheirteamandtheywanttowin.”Thesetermsarealsointendedtoinfuseworkwithmeaning—and,asKhuranapointsout,increaseallegiancetothefirm.“Youhavetheimportationofterminologythathistoricallyusedtobeassociatedwithnon-profitorganizationsandreligiousorganizations:Termslikevision,values,passion,andpurpose,”saidKhurana.Thisnewfocuson alfulfillmentcanhelpkeepemployeesmotivatedamidincreasinglylouddebatesoverwork-lifebalance.The“mommywars”ofthe1990sarestillgoingontoday,promptingargumentsaboutwhywomenstillcan’thaveitallandbookslikeSherylSandberg’sLeanIn,whosetitlehas eabuzzwordinitsownright.Termslikeunplug,offline,life-hack,bandwidth,andcapacityareallaboutsettingboundariesbetweentheofficeandthehome.Butifyourworkisyour“passion,”you’llbemorelikelytodevoteyourselftoit,evenifthatmeansgoinghomefordinnerandthenworkinglongafterthekidsareinbed.Butthisseemstobetheironyofofficespeak:Everyonemakesfunofit,butmanagersloveit,companiesdependonit,andregularpeoplewillinglyabsorbit.AsNunbergsaid,“Youcangetpeopletothinkit’snonsenseatthesametimethatyoubuyintoit.”Inaworkcethat’sfundamentallyindifferenttoyourlifeanditsofficespeakcanhelpyoufigureouthowyourelatetoyourwork—andhowyourworkdefineswhoyouAccordingtoNancyKoehn,officelanguage moremorelessless“team”-orientedcorporatevocabularyiscloselyrelated historicalgendersportsathleticKhuranabelievesthattheimportationofterminologyaims revivehistorical fostercorporatestrengthenemployeeItcanbeinferredthatLean voicesforworkingappealstopassionatetriggersdcbatesamongpraisesmotivatedWhichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaboutofficeManagersadmireitbutavoidLinguistsbelieveittobeCompaniesfindittobeRegularpeoplemockitbutacceptitText4Manypeopletalkedofthe288,000newjobstheLaborDepartmentreportedforJune,alongwiththedropintheunemploymentrateto6.1percent,asgoodnews.Andtheywereright.Fornowitappearstheeconomyiscreatingjobsatadecentpace.Westillhavealongwaytogotogetbacktofullemployment,butatleastwearenowfinallymovingforwardatafasterpace.However,thereisanotherimportantpartofthejobspicturethatwaslargelyoverlooked.Therewasabigjumpinthenumberofpeoplewhoreportvoluntarilyworkingpart-time.Thisfigureisnow830,000(4.4percent)aboveitsyearagolevel.BeforeexiningtheconnectiontotheObamacare,itisworthmakinganimportantdistinction.Manypeoplewhoworkpart-timejobsactuallywantfull-timejobs.Theytakepart-timeworkbecausethisisalltheycanget.Anincreaseininvoluntarypart-timeinJune,butthegeneraldirectionhasbeendown.Involuntarypart-timeemploymentisstillfarhigherthanbeforetherecession,butitisdownby640,000(7.9percent)fromitsyearagoWeknowthedifferencebetweenvoluntaryandinvoluntarypart-timeemploymentbecausepeoplelus.ThesurveyusedbytheLaborDepartmentaskspeopleiftheyworkedlessthan35hoursinthereferenceweek.Iftheansweris“yes,”theyareclassifiedasworkingpart-time.Theysurveythenaskswhethertheyworkedlessthan35hoursinthatweekbecausetheywantedtoworklessthanfulltimeorbecausetheyhadnochoice.Theyareonlyclassifiedasvoluntarypart-timeworkersiftheylthesurveytakertheychosetoworklessthan35hoursTheissueofvoluntarypart-timerelatestoObamacarebecauseoneofthemainpurposeswastoallowpeopletogetinsuranceoutsideofemployment.Formanypeople,especiallythosewithserioushealthconditionsoffamilymemberswithserioushealthconditions,beforeObamacaretheonlywaytogetinsurancewasthroughajobthatprovidedhealthinsurance.However,Obamacarehasallowedmorethan12millionpeopletoeithergetinsurancethroughMedicaidortheexchanges.Thesearepeoplewhomaypreviouslyhavefelttheneedtogetafull-timejobthatprovidedinsuranceinordertocoverthemselvesandtheirfamilies.WithObamacarethereisnolongeralinkbetweenemploymentandinsurance.WhichpartofthejobspicturewasTheprospectofathrivingjobTheincreaseofvoluntarypart-timeThepossibilityoffullTheaccelerationofjobManypeopleworkpart-timebecausepreferpart-timejobstofull-timefeelthatisenoughtomakeendscannotgettheirhandsonfull-timehaven’tseentheweaknessoftheInvoluntarypart-timeemploymentintheishardertoacquirethanoneyearshowsageneraltendencyofsatisfiestherealneedoftheislowerthanbeforetheItcanbelearnedthatwithObamacare, itisnolongereasyforpart-timerstogetemploymentisnolongerapreconditiontogetitisstillchallengingtogetinsuranceforfamilyfull-timeemploymentisstillessentialforThetextmainly employmentinthepart-timerinsurancethroughPartBDirections：ReadthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbychoosingthemostsuitablesubheadingthelistA-Gforeachnumberedparagraph(41-45).Therearetwoextrasubheadingswhichyoudonotneedtouse.MakeyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Youarenotalone[B]Experiencehelpsyougrow[C]Paveyourownuniquepath[D]Mostofyourfearsareunreal[E]ThinkaboutthepresentmomentDon’tfearresponsibilityforyourTherearemanythingstobegratefulSomeOldTruthstoHelp eToughUnfortunay,lifeisnotabedofroses.Wearegoingthroughlifefacingsadexperiences.Moreover,wearegrievingvariouskindsofloss:afriendship,romanticrelationshiporahouse.Hardtimesmayholdyoudownatwhatusuallyseemslikethemostinopportunetime,butyoushouldrememberthattheywon’tlastforever.Whenourtimeofmourningisover,wepressforward,strongerwithagreaterunderstandingandrespectforlife.Furthermore,theselossesmakeusmatureandeventuallymoveustowardfutureopportunitiesforgrowthandhappiness.IwanttosharetheseoldtruthsI’velearnedalongtheway. Fearisbothusefulandharmful.Thisnormalhumanreactionisusedtoprotectusbysignalingdangerandpreparingustodealwithit.Unfortunay,peoplecreateinnerbarrierswithahelpofexaggeratingfears.MyfavoriteactorWillSmithoncesaid,“Fearisnotreal.Itisaproductofthoughtsyoucreate.Donotmisunderstandme.Dangerisveryreal.Butfearisachoice.”Idocompleyagreethatfearsarejusttheproductofourluxuriantimagination. Ifyouaresurroundedbyproblemsandcannotstopthinkingaboutthepast,trytofocusonthepresentmoment.Manyofusareweigheddownbythepastoranxiousaboutthefuture.Youmayfeelguiltoveryourpast,butyouarepoisoningthepresentwiththethingsandcircumstancesyoucannotchange.Valuethepresentmomentandrememberhowfortunateyouaretobealive.Enjoythebeautyoftheworldaroundandkeeptheeyesopentoseethepossibilitiesbeforeyou.Happinessisnotapointoffutureandnotamomentfromthepast,butamindsetthatcanbedesignedintothepresent. Sometimesitiseasytofeelbadbecauseyouaregoingthroughtoughtimes.Youcanbeeasilycaughtupbylifeproblemsthatyouforgettopauseandappreciatethethingsyouhave.Onlystrongpeopleprefertosandvaluetheirlifeinsteadofcryingandcominingaboutsomething. Nomatterhowisolatedyoumightfeelandhowseriousthesituationis,youshouldalwaysrememberthatyouarenotalone.Trytokeepinmindthatalmosteveryonerespectsandwantstohelpyouifyouaretryingtomakeagoodchangeinyourlife,especiallyyourdearestandnearestpeople.Youmayhaveacircleoffriendswhoprovideconstantgoodhumor,helpandcompanionship.Ifyouhavenofriendsorrelatives,trytoparticipateinseveralonlinecommunities,fullofpeoplewhoarealwayswillingtoshareadviceandencouragement. Todaymanypeoplefinditdifficulttotrusttheirownopinionandseekbalancebygainingobjectivityfromexternalsources.Thiswayyoudevalueyouropinionandshowthatyouareincapableofmanagingyourownlife.Whenyouarestrugglingtoachievesomethingimportantyoushouldbelieveinyourselfandbesurethatyourdecisionisthebest.Youliveinyourskin,thinkyourownthoughts,haveyourownvaluesandmakeyourownSectionIIITranslatethefollowingtextfromEnglishinto .WriteyourtranslationonANSWERSHEET2.(15Thinkaboutdrivingaroutethat’sveryfamiliar.Itcouldbeyourcommutetowork,atripintotownorthewayhome.Whicheveritis,youknoweverytwistandturnlikethebackofyourhand.Onthesesortsoftripsit’stozoneoutfromtheactualdrivingandpaylittleattentiontothepassingscenery.Theconsequenceisthatyouperceivethatthetriphastakenlesstimethanitactuallyhas.Thisisthewell-travelledroadeffect:peopletendtounderestimatethetimeittakestotravelafamiliarTheeffectiscausedbythewayweallocateourattention.Whenwetraveldownawell-knownroute,becausewedon’thavetoconcentratemuch,timeseemstoflowmorequickly.Andafterwards,whenwecometothinkbackonit,wecan’trememberthejourneywellbecausewedidn’tpaymuchattentiontoit.SoweassumeitwasSectionIVWritingPartASupposeyouruniversityisgoingtohostasummercampforhighschoolstudents.Writeabrieflyintroducethecampactivities,callforYoushouldwriteabout100wordsontheANSWERSHEET.Donotuseyournameorthenameofyouruniversity.DonotwriteyourPartWriteanessaybasedonthefollowingchart.Inyourwriting,yourinterpretthegiveyourYoushouldwriteabout150wordsontheANSWER2015.C.DCACABDBDAABDCDAwentCinBsince20BsimpleText1DofferedgreaterrelaxationthantheworkBchildlessAtheyarebothbreadwinnersandCBdivisionoflaborathomeisseldomclear-cutText2答案CmissitsoriginalAtheproblemisCareinneedoffinancialDareinexperiencedinhandlingissuesatDcollegesarepartlyresponsiblefortheprobleminquestionText3答案AmoreCsportsDstrengthenemployeeAvoicesforworkingCcompaniesfindittobefundamentalBtheincreaseofvoluntarypart-timeCcannotgettheirhandsonfull-timeBshowsageneraltendencyofBempolymentisnolongerapreconditiontogetA41.DMostofyourfearsareEThinkaboutthe[resentGTherearemanythingstobegratefulAYouarenotCPaveyourownunique回想一下這樣的經(jīng)歷：開車行駛在一條非常熟悉的道。這可能是你每天上下班的必經(jīng)，可能PARTInordertoenrichhighschoolstudents’lifeinsummerholidayandexpandthereputationofouruniversity,theStudentsUnionaregoingtohostasummercampinourschoolcampusandvolunteersareneeded.Thedetailsaboutthissummercampandvolunteerrecruitmentarelistedasfollows.Firstly,thesummercampwillbeginonSeptember1standitwilllastfortendays.Secondly,themainthemeofthissummercampis“BetterEnglish,Betterlife”andtherearevariousactivitiesinthissummercamp,includingEnglish-speakingcontest,dramacontest,sportsmeetinganddancingpartandsonon.Thirdly,volunteersneedtohaveagoodcommandofEnglishandbeenthusiasticinorganizingdifferentofkindsofIfyouhaveanyquestionorsuggestionaboutthissummercamp,pleasecontactusat12345assoonasABCUniversityPARTB1Thepiechartabovepresentsthedifferentproportionofresidents’consumptionina cityduringSpringFestival.Tobespecific,thepercentageofconsumptiononNewYear’sgifts,party,trafficandothersis40%,20%,20%and20%respectively.Surprisingly,thepertinentnumberaboutgiftsis40%.Isolatedasthefiguresseemtobe,theyareconnectedtooneanotherclosely.Undoubtedly,thepurposeofthegraphistoshowcasethediversityofresidents’consumptionduringholidaysin ,especiallyover-consumptionongiftsasafrequentwayofinter alcommunication.Whatexactlycontributetothisphenomenon?It’sathought-provokingquestion.Firstandforemost,advertisementsofmassmedia,suchasradio, evisionandInternet,mightbemisleading.Plus,pertinentactiontakenbythepublictoputanendtothistrendmightbelittleandlimit.Therefore,people,menandwomen,oldandyoung,inmountingnumbersarespendingtoomuchonholidaygiftwhichfloodsTosumup,thereisanupwardtendencyforpeoplethesedaystospendmoneyonfestivalpresentsratherthanotherthings,whichIbelievewillnotchangeinashorttime.Toreversethetrendisnotapieceofcake,whichrequiresagoodawarenessofconsumptionvalueandinter alcommunication.Onlyinthiswaycanwehavecolorfulfestivalsandrelaxingtimes.(餅狀圖)我國某市民春節(jié)假期花銷比例(新年40%，交通20%，聚會吃飯20%，其他20%)這形式是英語二從未過的餅狀圖(在1997年考研英語餅狀圖出現(xiàn)過一次)，如果事先準備不充分的考第二段的寫法多種多樣如果針對這種送新年的風氣進行評析可以作為一個話題來分析原因或者舉例子;也可以作文一個正面話題來談論，談一談這種人際交往的形式--互送，增強朋友家人的感情;甚至可以作文一個中立話題來談一談假期開銷在不同的方面，消費方式的多種多樣。第三段的寫在單詞的方面較難的單詞也不過是居民(citizen,resident)和消費(consume,consumption)。其他的單詞就比較簡單，包括聚會(party,reunion)，交通(traffic)，新年(gifts)，其他(others).SectionIUseofReadthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET.(10points)Thinnerisn’talwaysbetter.Anumberofstudieshave1 thatnormal-weightpeopleareinfactathigherriskofsomediseasescomparedtothosewhoareoverweight.Andtherearehealthconditionsforwhichbeingoverweightisactually .Forexample,heavierwomenarelesslikelytodevelopcalciumdeficiencythanthinwomen. amongtheelderly,beingsomewhatoverweightisoftenan ofgoodhealth.Ofevengreater isthefactthatobesityturnsouttobeverydifficulttodefine.Itisoften bodymassindex,orBMI.BMI 7bodymassdividedbythesquareofheight.AnadultwithaBMIof18to25isoftenconsideredtobenormalweight.Between25and30isoverweight.Andover30isconsideredobese.Obesity, ,canbedividedintomoderayobese,severelyobese,andveryseverelyWhilesuchnumericalstandardsseem9,theyarenot.Obesityisprobablylessamatterofweightthanbodyfat.SomepeoplewithahighBMIareinfactextremelyfit,10otherswithalowBMImaybeinpoor11.Forexample,manycollegiateandprofessionalfootballyers12asobese,thoughtheirpercentagebodyfatislow.Conversely,someonewithasmallframemayhavehighbodyfatbuta13BMI.Todaywehavea(an)_14_tolabelobesityasadisgrace.Theoverweightaresometimes_15_inthemediawiththeirfacescovered.Stereotypes_16_withobesityincludelaziness,lackofwillpower,andlowerprospectsforsuccess.Teachers,employers,andhealthprofessionalshavebeenshowntoharborbiasesagainsttheobese._17_veryyoungchildrentendtolookdownontheoverweight,andteasingaboutbodybuildhaslongbeenaprobleminschools.[A]denied[B]conduced[C]doubled[D][A]protective[B]dangerous[C]sufficient[A]Instead[B]However[C]Likewise[D][A]indicator[B]objective[C]origin[D][A]impact[B]relevance[C]assistance[D][A]intermsof[B]incaseof[C]infavorof[D]in[A]measures[B]determines[C]equals[D][A]inessence[B]incontrast[C]inturn[D]in[A]complicated[B]conservative[C]variable[D][A]so[B]unlike[C]since[D][A]shape[B]spirit[C]balance[D][A]start[B]quality[C]retire[D][A]strange[B]changeable[C]normal[D][A]option[B]reason[C]opportunity[D][A]employed[B]pictured[C]imitated[D][A][B]combined[C]settled[D][A]Even[B]Still[C]Yet[D][A]despised[B]corrected[C]ignored[D][A]discussions[B]businesses[C]policies[D][A]for[B]against[C]with[D]withoutSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartAReadthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET.(40points)TextWhatwouldyoudowith590m?ThisisnowaquestionforGloriaMackenzie,an84-year-oldwidowwhorecentlyemergedfromhersmall,tin-roofedhouseinFloridatocollectthebiggestundividedlotteryjackpotinhistory.Ifshehopeshernew-foundfortunewillyieldlastingfeelingsoffulfillment,shecoulddoworsethanreadHappyMoneybyElizabethDumnandMichaelNorton.Thesetwoacademicsuseanarrayofbehavioralresearchtoshowthatthemostrewardingwaystospendmoneycanbecounterintuitive.Fantasiesofgreatwealthofteninvolvevisionsoffancycarsandextravaganthomes.Yetsatisfactionwiththesematerialpurchaseswearsofffairlyquicklywhatwasonceexcitingandnewesold-hat;regretcreepsin.Itisfarbettertospendmoneyonexperiences,sayMsDumnandMrNorton,likeinterestingtrips,uniquemealsorevengoingtothecinema.Thesepurchasesoften emorevaluablewithtime-asstoriesormemories-particularlyiftheyinvolvefeelingmoreconnectedtoothers.Thisslimvolumeispackedwithtipstohelpwageslavesaswellaslotterywinnersgetthemost"happinessbangforyourbuck."Itseemsmostpeoplewouldbebetteroffiftheycouldshortentheircommutestowork,spendmoretimewithfriendsandfamilyandlessofitwatching evision(somethingtheaverageAmericanspendsawhoptwomonthsayear ng,andishardlyjollierforit).Buyinggiftsorgivingtocharityisoftenmorepleasurablethanpurchasingthingsforoneself,andluxuriesaremostenjoyablewhentheyareconsumedsparingly.ThisisapparentlythereasonMacDonald'srestrictstheavailabilityofitspopularMcRib-amarketingtrickthathasturnedtheporksandwichintoanobjectofobsession.Readersof“HappyMoney”areclearlyaprivilegedlot,anxiousaboutfulfillment,nothunger.Moneymaynotquitebuyhappinessbutpeopleinwealthiercountriesaregenerallyhappierthanthoseinpoorones.Yetthelinkbetweenfeelinggoodandspendingmoneyonotherscanbeseenamongrichandpoorpeoplearoundtheworld,andscarcityenhancesthepleasureofmostthingsformostpeople.Noteveryonewillagreewiththeauthors