第七節(jié)復(fù)合句中的從句課件

TEM-4Vocabulary&Grammar七、復(fù)合句中的從句（必考點）/七、從屬分句復(fù)合句=主句+

Vocabulary&Grammar從句定語從句狀語從句名詞性從句關(guān)系代詞的選擇、限制性和非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別時間、地點、比較、原因、結(jié)果、程度、目的、條件、讓步方式狀語從句主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句、同位語從句/七、從屬分句：定語（關(guān)系）從句

有關(guān)定語從句：a.定義：在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)定語，修飾先行詞b.先行詞：被定語從句修飾的名詞或代詞c.關(guān)系詞：引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞，起連接作用

關(guān)系代詞：who/whom/whose/which/that

代替先行詞并在定語從句中充當(dāng)句子成分（主/賓/表語等）

關(guān)系副詞：

when/where/why

作狀語定語從句結(jié)構(gòu)：先行詞+關(guān)系代/副詞+從句Vocabulary&Grammar/

Vocabulary&Grammar七、從屬分句：定語（關(guān)系）從句

限定性定語從句（DefiningAttributiveClauses）修飾先行詞、緊跟先行詞，同先行詞之間無逗號隔開關(guān)系代詞：who/whom(人)which/which（物）whose(人/物)=(ofwhom/which)that(人/物)關(guān)系副詞：when(at/in/on/duringwhich)where(=in/atwhich)(condition/situation/case/Instance/circumstance)why(=forwhich)(先行詞為reason)非限定性定語從句（Non-definingAttributiveClauses）補充說明先行詞，跟在先行詞后，用逗號和主句隔開，修飾先行詞或前面整個句子引導(dǎo)詞：which,who,whom,as,介詞+which不能用that/1.Theparty,___Iwastheguestofhonour,wasextremelyenjoyable.(06-53)A.bywhichB.forwhichC.towhichD.atwhich2.

Heisquitewornoutfromyearsofhardwork.Heisnottheman___hewastwentyyearsago.(03-52)

A.whichB.thatC.whoD.whomVocabulary&Grammar七、從屬分句：定語（關(guān)系）從句DB/在以下情況，關(guān)系代詞只用thata.先行詞是不定代詞（all/anything/everything/little/much/none/something/theone.etc）b.先行詞由形容詞最高級或者first/last/only/some/no/very修飾時c.先行詞由兩個或兩個以上兼有人和物Vocabulary&Grammar七、從屬分句：定語（關(guān)系）從句/as用作關(guān)系代詞,引導(dǎo)定語從句，主要和such連用

Wehavesuchgrapesasyouneversaw.Hereturnedwithsuchprovisionsaswereneeded.(見第一節(jié))but用作關(guān)系代詞,引導(dǎo)定語從句，同具有否定意義的主句連用，先行詞可以是人或物，意思接近that(who)…notThereisnotreebutbearssomefruit.

=Thereisnotreethatdoesn’tbearanyfruit.

沒有不結(jié)果實的樹。

Thereareveryfewbutadmireyourtalent.

=Thereareveryfewwhodonotadmireyourtalent.

沒人不佩服你的才華

Vocabulary&Grammar七、從屬分句：定語（關(guān)系）從句/e.g.Nearlyallthestudentsinmyclassaregratefultohimbecausetherewasnotasinglestudent____learntalotfromhim.A.thatB.whoC.butD.whatVocabulary&Grammar七、從屬分句：定語（關(guān)系）從句C/1.時間狀語從句

時間狀語從句的引導(dǎo)詞主要有：

when,whenever,as,while,since,until,till,before,after,assoonas,once,directly,immediately,hardly(scarcely)…when,nosooner…thana.如果位于when引導(dǎo)的分句之前的主句使用過去進行時、過去完成時或”was/wereaboutto,was/wereonthepointof”等結(jié)構(gòu)時，when表示突然發(fā)生“正在……突然”或“剛……就……”.在這種情況不用as或者while代替when.e.g.

Wewereabouttoleavewhenitbegantorain.

while(當(dāng)……時候)表示延續(xù)性的動作或狀態(tài)as表示(當(dāng)……時候)可與when/while替換Vocabulary&Grammar七、從屬分句：狀語從句/b.(ever)since引導(dǎo)的從句一般要用非延續(xù)性動詞，主句要用完成時態(tài)c.在nosooner…than…/hardly…when/scarcely…when從句中，主句要用過去完成時，從句用一般過去時,如果nosooner,hardly,scarcely在句首，主句倒裝，had放在主語前面。e.g.Thecouplehadnosoonergottothestation_than_thecoachleft.(2009)剛到車站，車就出發(fā)了。d.themoment/theminute/immediately/directly/instantly也可引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句e.需用完成時態(tài)的時間狀語從句：bythetime,itis/wasthefirsttime…Ihave/had…/Vocabulary&Grammar七、從屬分句：狀語從句/2.條件狀語從句條件狀語從句的引導(dǎo)詞主要有：if/ifonly/unless/aslongas/onconditionthat/provided/providing/supposing/incase(見第六節(jié)真實條件句和虛擬語氣)3.原因狀語從句原因狀語從句的引導(dǎo)詞主要有：because/as/since/

nowthat(既然)/seeingthat/consideringthat/inthat（因為、在于）/inas/somuchas

(因為)/notthat…butthat4.目的狀語從句和結(jié)果狀語從句目的狀語從句的引導(dǎo)詞主要有：sothat/inorderthat/lest/forfearthat

結(jié)果狀語從句的引導(dǎo)詞主要有：so/such….that…/withtheresultthat

Vocabulary&Grammar七、從屬分句：狀語從句/5.讓步狀語從句讓步狀語從句的引導(dǎo)詞主要有：muchas,though,although,evenif,eventhough,whatever,however,whoever,wherever,nomatterhow/what/where/when/forallthat/inspiteof(thefactthat).Etc.e.g.1

____,Mr.Wellsisscarcelyinsympathywiththeworkingclass.(2005)A.AlthoughheisasocialistB.EvenifheisascocialistC.BeingasocialistD.Sinceheisasocialist2____hewantedtogooutwithhisfriendsattheweekend,hehadtostaybehindtofinishhisassignment.(2008)A.MuchthoughB.MuchasC.AsmuchD.Thoughmuch3____Isympathize,Ican’treallydoverymuchtohelpthemoutofthedifficulties.(2001)A.AslongasB.AsC.WhileD.EvenVocabulary&Grammar七、從屬分句：狀語從句ABC/as/though引導(dǎo)讓步從句，要倒裝,強調(diào)的部分置于句首e.g.

Youngashewas/Childashewas,hecouldspeakfourlanguages.=Youngthoughhewas/Childthoughhewas...=Thoughhewasyoung…

forall（that）表示讓步，that可省略=inspiteof(thefactthat)e.g.

Whichofthefollowingitalicizedphraseindicatespurpose?(2011)A.Shesaiditforfun,butotherstookherseriously.B.Forall

itseffort,theteamdidn’twinthematchC.Lindahasworkedforthefirmfor20years.D.HesetoutforBeijingyesterday.Vocabulary&Grammar七、從屬分句：狀語從句A/6.比較狀語從句

比較狀語從句的引導(dǎo)詞主要有：as…as/notso(as)…as/more…than/themore…themore/justas…so/AistoBwhatCistoD/no..more/less…than…/notsomuchas…(見第二節(jié)比較結(jié)構(gòu))7.方式狀語從句方式狀語從句的引導(dǎo)詞主要有：as/asif/asthough/theway/justas…soe.g.Justaswateristofish,soisairtoman.

Treatothersthewayyouwanttobetreated.Vocabulary&Grammar七、從屬分句：狀語從句/名詞性從句在主從復(fù)合句中作主語、賓語、表語或者同位語，語序為陳述句語序。1.主語從句、表語從句和賓語從句a.從屬連詞that/whether/if只起連接作用，連接從句，不再從句中充當(dāng)句子成分。b.連接代詞what(ever)/which(ever)/who(ever)/whom(ever)既連接從句，又在從句中充當(dāng)從句的成分c.連接副詞when/where/how/why既連接從句，又在從句中作相應(yīng)的副詞充當(dāng)狀語七、從屬分句：名詞性從句Vocabulary&Grammar/主語從句在句中作主語，一般放在句首，多用it作形式主語來代替e.g.Thathesurvivedthecaraccidentisamiracle.=Itisamiraclethathe………..Whetherhecomesornotmakesbodifference.=Itmakesnodifferencewhetherhecomesornot.Itisamysteryhowtheprisonerescaped.結(jié)構(gòu)：Itis+名詞/形容詞/分詞+連接代/副詞主語從句what/whatever/whoever/whichever引導(dǎo)主語從句，一般不用it作形式主語Vocabulary&Grammar七、從屬分句：名詞性從句/Whichofthefollowingitalicizedpartsisasubjectclause(主語從句)?(2011)A.Wearequitecertainthatwewillgetthereintime.B.Hehastofacethefactthattherewillbenopayrisethisyear.C.Shesaidthatshehadseenthemanearlierthatmorning.D.Itissheerluckthattheminersarestillaliveaftertendays.七、從屬分句：名詞性從句Vocabulary&GrammarD/表語從句表語從句位于系動詞之后，作復(fù)合句的表語，引導(dǎo)表語從句的that可以省略表語從句的種類：a.由that引導(dǎo)e.g.Mypointisthatyoumayhavetofacetheproblem.b.由連接代/副詞引導(dǎo)e.g.That’swhyIcamehere.That’swherethebattletookplace.c.由關(guān)系代詞what引導(dǎo)e.g.That’swhatIwant.

七、從屬分句：名詞性從句Vocabulary&Grammar/賓語從句a.由that引導(dǎo)e.g.

Iknewshewaswrong.

b.由it作形式賓語

e.g.

Ifounditaterriblethingthatyoushouldhavetalkedlikethat.

c.由連接代/副詞引導(dǎo)e.g.Shewascurioustoknowwherewehadbeen.d.由whether/if引導(dǎo)e.g.Iwonderwhetheryouwouldminddoingmeafavor.f.由關(guān)系代詞型what引導(dǎo)，whatever/whichever/whomevere.g.Whoisresponsibleforwhathashappened?(作介詞賓語)uIwilldowhateveryouwish.Vocabulary&Grammar七、從屬分句：名詞性從句/連詞whether/if的區(qū)別a.Whether可以和or連用

e.g.Whethersheiscomingornotisstillunknown.b.Whether在介詞后，引導(dǎo)賓語從句

e.g.Itdependsonwhether…c.與不定式連用e.g.Iamnotsurewhethertoleaveorstayon.七、從屬分句：名詞性從句Vocabulary&Grammar/同位語從句在句中作同位語，對名詞進一步解釋，一般由that引導(dǎo)，that在同位語從句中不能省略，也可由whether或者h(yuǎn)ow來引導(dǎo)e.g.Igotthenewsthathehadleftlastnight.Theyputforwardthequestionhow/wherewecouldgetsuchaloan.常見的跟同位語從句的名詞有：fact/belief/opinion/hope/idea/news/rumor/problem/truth/discovery/thought/etc.同位語從句和定語從句區(qū)別：

1.

同位語從句是名詞性從句，補充說明名詞，連接詞that只起連接作用，不作從句句子成分2.定語從句是形容詞性從句，修飾先行詞，代替先行詞在句中充當(dāng)某個成分Vocabulary&Grammar七、從屬分句：名詞性從句/a.及物動詞、介詞后若出現(xiàn)從句，則多為名詞性從句——賓語從句，構(gòu)成動賓、介賓結(jié)構(gòu)b.系動詞后出現(xiàn)從句，則多為名詞性從句——表語從句，構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)c.不及物動詞后若出現(xiàn)從句，則多為副詞性從句——各類狀語從句d.名詞、代詞后若出現(xiàn)從句，則為形容詞性從句——定語從句或者同位語從句，這時，從句功能來判斷。七、從屬分句Vocabulary&Grammar/連詞that和what的區(qū)別that：a.可引導(dǎo)定語從句,代替先行詞并作句子成分，使從句缺失成分完整b.引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，只起連接作用

what：引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，且在從句中充當(dāng)句子成分e.g.1.

Qualityis____countsmost.(2008)A.WhichB.that.C.whatD.where2.After____seemedanendlesswait,itwashisturntoenterthepersonnelmanager’soffice.(2010)A.thatB.itC.whatD.there

3.Mendifferfromanimals____theycanthinkandspeak.(2008)A.forwhichB.forthatC.inthatD.inwhich

in介詞后應(yīng)為賓語從句，且從句成分完整，inthat可連接原因狀語，表示因為

七、從屬分句Vocabulary&GrammarCCC/連詞who和nomatterwho的區(qū)別

whoever：a.引導(dǎo)名詞性從句或者狀語從句

e.g.Wewilltreatwhoevercomesasourfriend.Whoeverbreaksalawdeservesafine.

b.

引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句

e.g.Whoevercomes/Nomatterwhocomes,we’lltreathimasourfriend.

Nomatterwho指引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句e.g.Nomatterwhobreaksalaw,hedeservesafine.Whoeverbreaksalawdeservesafine.Vocabulary&Grammar七、從屬分句/1.Thegovernmenthaspromisedtodo__liesinitspowertoeasethehardshipsofthevictimsintheflood-strickenarea.(2004)A.howeverB.whicheverC.whateverD.wherever2.____thebosssays,itisunreasonabletoaskmetoworkovertimewithoutpay.(2009)A.WhateverB.wheneverC.WhicheverD.HoweverVocabulary&Grammar七、從屬分句CA/Drill1.Idon’tdoubt___hecanfinishthetaskontime.A.whyB.that.C.whetherD.when2.Idoubt____theycanswimacrosstheriver.A.whyB.that.C.whetherD.when3.Idoubt___heisthemurdererbecauseheisnotonthesceneatthatmoment.A.whyB.that.C.whetherD.when4.Ihavedoubts_____everyonepresenthasabout____heistellingthetruth.A.why,ifB.that,whetherC.whether,whomD.when,which5.____memostwasthattheyoungboywhohadlostbotharmsinanaccidentcouldhandleapenwithhisfeet.A.Thatamaze