第08練情態(tài)動(dòng)詞-2022年八年級(jí)英語(yǔ)（牛津上海版）（原卷版）

第08練情態(tài)動(dòng)詞1.can和could情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用法例句can/could表示能力1．“Idon’tthinkMikecantype.”“Yes,hecan.”2．IcanspeakfluentEnglishnow,butIcouldn’tlastyear.在肯定句中，表示客觀可能性，并不涉及具體某事會(huì)發(fā)生，常用來(lái)說(shuō)明人或事物的特征。要表達(dá)具體某事實(shí)際發(fā)生的可能性時(shí)，不用can，需用could，may，might。Asahumanbeing,anyonecanmakeamistake.I’mconfidentthatasolutioncanbefound.Hecanbeveryforgetfulsometimes.Imaystayathomethisweekend.（實(shí)際可能性）Petermightcometojoinus.(實(shí)際可能性)Itwillbesunnyinthedaytime,butitcouldraintonight.(實(shí)際可能性)表示請(qǐng)求和允許。表示請(qǐng)求，口語(yǔ)中常用could代替can，使語(yǔ)氣更委婉。Canweturntheairconditioneron?Anypoliceofficercaninsistonseeingadriver’slicense.Insoccer,youcan’ttouchtheballwithyourhands.Couldyouhavehercallmebackwhenshegetshome,please?IwonderifIcouldjustaskyoutosignthis.表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)進(jìn)行主觀的猜測(cè)，主要用在否定句和疑問(wèn)句中。Itcan’tbeeasycaringforamanandachildwhoarenotyourown.Canthemanovertherebeourheadmaster?表示驚異、懷疑、不相信等態(tài)度，主要用在否定句、疑問(wèn)句和感嘆句中。Canthisbeanexcusefornotgivingthemhelp?Thiscan’tbetrue.Howcanyoubesocrazy.特別說(shuō)明：could用來(lái)表示請(qǐng)求時(shí)，語(yǔ)氣委婉，主要用于疑問(wèn)句，不能用于肯定句，答語(yǔ)應(yīng)用can（即：could不能用于現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)的簡(jiǎn)略答語(yǔ)中）。如：——CouldIuseyourdictionary?——Yes,youcan.(否定回答可用：No,I’mafraidnot.)can和beableto辨析can(could)和beableto都可以表示能力，意思上沒(méi)有區(qū)別。但can只有現(xiàn)在式和過(guò)去式，而beableto則有更多的形式。如：I’vealwayswantedtoabletospeakfluentEnglish.Thosebagslookreallyheavy,areyousureyou’llbeabletocarrythemonyourown?但是，表示在過(guò)去某時(shí)的某一場(chǎng)合經(jīng)過(guò)一番努力，終于做成了某事，通常不用could，而用was/wereableto來(lái)表示。這時(shí)，was/wereableto相當(dāng)于managedtodo或succeedindoing。如：Aftertheaccidentitwasalongtimebeforeshewasabletowalkagain.Thefirewasverybig,butmostpeoplewereabletoescapefromthebuilding.(3)慣用形式“cannot…too…”表示“無(wú)論怎么……也不（過(guò)分）”。如：Youcannotbetoocareful.你越小心越好。慣用形式“cannotbut+不定式（不帶to）”表示“不得不，只好”。如：Icannotbutadmireherdetermination.我不得不欽佩你的決心。2．may和might情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用法例句may/might表示允許、許可。否定回答一般用mustnot/mustn’t,表示“禁止、阻止”之意，但也可以用hadbetternot(最好別)或maynot（不可以），語(yǔ)氣較為委婉。MayIcomeinandwait?——MayIsmokehere?——No,youmustn’t(或No,you’dbetternot.)在表示請(qǐng)求、允許時(shí)，might比may語(yǔ)氣更委婉些。用MayI征詢對(duì)方許可在文體上比較正式，在口氣上比較客氣，在日常用語(yǔ)中，用CanI征詢對(duì)方意見(jiàn)更為常見(jiàn)。MightIborrowyourpen?IwonderifImightspeaktoyourson.表示可能性的推測(cè)，通常用在肯定句和否定句中，含有“或許”“大概”“可能”之意；用might代替may時(shí)，則語(yǔ)氣顯得更加不肯定。Itmayrainthisafternoon.Shemightcometojoinusthisafternoon.Isupposehemighthavemissedthetrain.may用于祈使句表示祝愿Mayyousucceed.Longmayhelive!愿他能持續(xù)住下去。Mayyouhavemanymoredaysashappyasthisone.Maysherestinpeace.愿她安息。慣用句式：“maywell+動(dòng)詞原形”，意為“完全能，很可能”，相當(dāng)于tobeverylikelyto“mayaswell或might(just)aswell+動(dòng)詞原形”意為“最好，滿可以，倒不如”，相當(dāng)于“hadbetter或thereisnoreasontodoanythingelse.ItmaywellchangeforeverthewayyoulookatGreekart.Theremaywellbearealproblemhere.Thereisnothingtodo,soImayaswellgotobed.Youmayaswelltellusnow,we’llfindoutsoonerorlater.Isupposewemightaswellgohome.Andifyouhavetoploughthefieldanyway,youmightaswellplantitatthesametime.3must和haveto情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用法例句must表示“必須，應(yīng)該”之意，語(yǔ)氣比should，oughtto強(qiáng)烈。其否定形式mustn’t表示“不準(zhǔn)，不應(yīng)該，禁止”等意Youmustcometoschoolontime.Everybodymustobeythelaw.Youmustn’tdrivesofastinthestreet.Wemustn’twasteanymoretime.在回答帶有must的問(wèn)句時(shí)，否定回答常用needn’t或don’thaveto，表示“不必”，而不用mustn’t1．—MustIcomebackbeforeten?—Yes，youmust.(No,youneedn’t)表示有把握的推測(cè)，意為“一定、準(zhǔn)是、相必”，只用于肯定句中Itmustbemymother.Youmustbehungryafterawalk.Theremustbeaholeinthewall.haveto“必須，不得不”，意義與must相近。但must表示的是說(shuō)話人的主觀看法，而haveto則往往強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀需要。Thefilmisnotinteresting.Ireallymustgonow.Ihavetogonow,becausemymotherisinhospital.must只有一種形式，即現(xiàn)在式與過(guò)去式都是一種形式，而haveto則涉及各種人稱、時(shí)態(tài)等方面的變化形式。1．IhadtoworkhardwhenIwasyourage.2．Iwillhavetolearnhowtouseacomputer.3．Inordertotaketheexam,we’llhavetofinishthewholebookbytheendofthismonth.兩者的否定意義不同，mustn’t表示“禁止，不許”，don’thaveto表示不必。Youmustn’tgothere.Youdon’thavetogothere.4．shall和should情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用法例句shall用于第一、二、三人稱構(gòu)成的疑問(wèn)句，表示征求對(duì)方意見(jiàn)或請(qǐng)求指示ShallIopenthewindow?Shallwesay6o’clock,then?WhatshallIgetfordinner?用于第二、三人稱陳述句中，表示說(shuō)話人給對(duì)方的命令、警告、允諾或威脅。Don’tworry,youshallgettheanswerthisafternoon.(允諾)Heshallbesorryforitoneday,Itellyou.（警告）YoushalldoasIsay.(命令)Ifyouchildrendon’tdoasItellyou,youshallnotgototheparty.(威脅)should表示勸告或建議，意為“應(yīng)該”WhatshouldIdo?ShouldItrusthim?Youshouldreadhisnewbook.表示推測(cè)，用在肯定句中，對(duì)現(xiàn)在的情況或可能發(fā)生的事的主觀推測(cè)或期待。意為“想必，大概，或許”Itshouldbeanicedaytomorrow.TryphoningRobert,heshouldbehomenow.Heshouldbearoundsixtyyearsold.還可以用在if引導(dǎo)的條件句中，表示一件事聽(tīng)起來(lái)可能性很小，但也不是完全不可能，相當(dāng)于“萬(wàn)一”的意思。從句謂語(yǔ)用should+動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成，主句都一定用虛擬語(yǔ)氣AskTomtoringmeupifyoushouldseehim.(你萬(wàn)一見(jiàn)到湯姆，請(qǐng)讓他給我打個(gè)電話)ShouldIbefreetomorrow,I’llcome.(萬(wàn)一我明天有時(shí)間，我就過(guò)來(lái))Ifthingsshouldchangesuddenly,pleaseletmeknow.(萬(wàn)一情況突變，請(qǐng)通知我)用于疑問(wèn)句或感嘆句中，表示意外、驚異的情緒，意為“竟會(huì)”，與why，what，how，who連用，如果是疑問(wèn)句，則不需要回答。WhyshouldanyonewanttomarryTony?Don’taskme.HowshouldIknow?5．will和would情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用法例句will/would用于表示意志或意愿。will指現(xiàn)在，would指過(guò)去。Heisthemanwhowillgohisownway.(他首歌自行其是的人。)Theysaidtheywouldmeetusat10:30atthestation.表示請(qǐng)求、建議等，用would比用will委婉、客氣。Willyoupleasetakeamessageforhim?Wouldyoupleasetellmeyourtelephonenumber?表示習(xí)慣或傾向，意為“總是，慣于”。will至現(xiàn)在，would指過(guò)去。Fishwilldiewithoutwater.Peoplewilltalk.(人們總會(huì)說(shuō)閑話。)Whenweworkedinthesameoffice,wewouldoftenhavecoffeetogether.表示推測(cè)，意為“很可能，大概”。will表示推測(cè)比should把握大，比must把握小。Thesethingswillhappen.Thatwillbethemessengerringing.Itwouldbeaboutteno’clockwhenhelefthome.表示功能，意為“能，行”。慣用形式：willdo/woulddo表示“解決問(wèn)題”、“就行”。Thatwillbeallright.Eitherpenwilldo.Itwouldnotdotoworktoolate.（工作太晚不行。）用于否定句中，意為“不肯”、“不樂(lè)意”1．Iwon’tlistentoyournonsense.2．NomatterwhatIsaid,hewouldn’tlistentome.6．need和dare情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用法例句need用于表示“需要，必要”之意。做情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，僅用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句，只有現(xiàn)在時(shí)，過(guò)去式要用needn'thave，疑問(wèn)式用need+人稱?,否定式用neednot(即needn't），1．—Needweleavesoon?—Yes,youmust.(No,youneedn't)2．Youneedn'thavehurried.(=Itwasnotnecessaryforyoutohurry，butyoudid).你當(dāng)時(shí)不必這么匆忙。做實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí)，其變化與一般的實(shí)義動(dòng)詞相同，后接帶to的不定式（needdoing=needtobedone）,過(guò)去式用needed、didyouneed?和didn'tneed,肯定式用needs/needed/need,疑問(wèn)式用do、does、did提問(wèn)，否定式要在前面加don't、doesn't、didn't1.Ajoblikenursingneedspatienceandunderstanding.(need+名詞，needunderstanding=needtobeunderstood,需要被理解)2．Heneedstoseeadoctor.(needtodo)3．Doyoustillneedvolunteerstohelpcleanupaftertheparty?(needsomebodytodosomething)4．Theydidn'tneedtostartsoearly.(donotneedtodo)dare用于表示“敢于”之意。做情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，沒(méi)有人稱和數(shù)的變化，主要用于否定句、疑問(wèn)句和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中1．—Dareyoutellherthetruth?—Yes,Idare./No,Idaren’t.Howdareyouaccusemeoflying!Hedaren’tadmitthis.用作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí)，其變化與一般的實(shí)義動(dòng)詞相同。在肯定句中，dare后接帶to的不定式；否定句中，dare后既可接帶to的不定式，也可接不帶to的不定式。Onlyafewjournalistsdaredtocoverthestory.Hedoesn’tdare(to)gotherealone.Don’tyoudare(to)touchit?7．ought的用法：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用法例句oughttodo表示“應(yīng)該”之意Yououghttotakecareofhim.—OughtIgonow?—Yes,yououghtto./No,yououghtn’tto.表示推測(cè)。注意與must表示推測(cè)是的區(qū)別Hemustbehomebynow.(斷定他已到家)Heoughttobehomebynow.(不十分肯定)Thisiswheretheoilmustbe.(比較直率)Thisiswheretheoiloughttobe.(比較含蓄)一、單項(xiàng)選擇1．—Thomas,wherearemypostcards?I________findthem.—They’reonthebookshelf.A．can’t B．needn’t C．mustn’t D．shouldn’t2．Thepublicsigninthelibrarymeanspeople________smokethere.A．could B．must C．couldn’t D．mustn’t3．—David,doyouknowSuYiming,asnowboarderfromChina?—Sure.Hewonthefirstplaceinthemen’sBigAirEvent.He________behard-working.A．needn’t B．can’t C．should D．must4．—Whosephysicsbookisthis?—It________beHelen’sbecausehernameisonit.A．mustn’t B．must C．might D．can’t5．ThedoctorhassuggestedthatTim_______loseatleast10poundstostayhealthy.A．can B．should C．would D．may6．Thereisenoughmilkandeggsinthefridge.Soyou________notbuyanythesedays.A．can B．need C．must D．should7．________hefinishthistaskwithoutanyhelpintwodays?A．May B．Can C．Oughtto D．Need8．Students________beawareofhowlearninghabitswillinfluencetheirlearningoutcomes.A．must B．should C．can D．may9．Sorry,I’mafraidI________completethedifficulttaskbymyself.A．mustn’t B．can’t C．needn’t D．shouldn’t10．—Kevinfallsasleepinclasseverymorning.—He________beoutlateeverynightormaybeheworksatnight.A．can B．need C．must D．should11．Nowadaysevenasmartphone________storehugeamountsofinformation.A．must B．can C．should D．need12．Themachine________workwellinthecoldweather.A．mustn’t B．can’t C．needn’t D．shouldn’t13．Smokers_________smokeinallindoorpublicplacesfromMarch1st,2017.A．mustn’t B．needn’t C．can’t D．shouldn’t14．Juliahaswonprizesforherresearch.She________bereallytalentedandhardworking.A．can B．need C．should D．must15．—Look!IstheyoungladywearingabluedressGrace?—No,it________beher.Sheispickingupmysisterattherailwaystation.A．mustn’t B．can’t C．wouldn’t D．needn’t16．—Dowehavetoleaveforthestationatonce?—No,we_________.Thereisplentyoftimebeforethetrainstarts.A．mustn’t B．needn’t C．can’t D．shouldn’t17．Don’tletthechildwalknearthelake.He_______fallintothewater.A．must B．should C．may D．need18．Childrenunder120cmtall________payfullfarefortheexhibition.A．can’t B．mustn’t C．shouldn’t D．needn’t二、短文首字母填空Readthepassageandfillintheblankswithproperwords(在短文的空格內(nèi)填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~，使其內(nèi)容通順，每空格限填一詞，首字母已給)Haveyoueverwishedyoudidn’thavetowakeupearlyandgoallthewaytoschool?For700,000Americankids,thiswishcomestrue.TheyattendschoolovertheInternetbyusingo___19___computers.Onlineschools