2023年上海市中考英語【熱點(diǎn)·重點(diǎn)·難點(diǎn)】二輪綜合復(fù)習(xí)-重難點(diǎn)14 首字母填空解題技巧（教師版）

重難點(diǎn)14首字母填空解題技巧（教師版）（建議用時:30分鐘）上海市五年中考試卷首字母填空考查要點(diǎn)統(tǒng)計發(fā)現(xiàn)考杳重點(diǎn)是名詞.動詞,形容詞,副詞和代詞這幾大詞類。.跳過空格，通讀短文，了解大意。.復(fù)讀短文，確定語義，判斷句子成分。.判斷空格單詞在句子成分里的詞性，縮小范圍。.聯(lián)系上下文，找關(guān)鍵信息推測出答案。5,通讀短文，檢查答案。注意時態(tài)，語法，以及詞性等問題。一、短文首字母填空（2022春?上海浦東新?九年級上海市進(jìn)才中學(xué)?？计谥校㏑eadthepassageandfillintheblankswithproperwords（在短文的空格內(nèi)填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~，使其內(nèi)容通順，每空格限填一次，首字母已給）Thisyearsometwenty-threeteenagersfromallovertheworldwillspendabouttenmonthsinUShomes.TheywillattendUSAschools,meetUSteenagers,andformimpressionsofther1America.Atthesametime,aboutthirteenhundredAmericanteenagerswillgotoothercountriestolearnnewlanguagesandgainanewunderstandingoftherestoftheworld.Hereisatwo-waystudente2inaction.Fred,aboyofnineteen,spentlastyearinGermanywithGeorge'sfamily.Inturn,George'ssonMikespentayearinFred'shomeinAmerica.Fred,alivelyyoungman,knewlittleGermanwhenhearrived,butaftertwomonths,study,thelanguagebegantocometohim.Schoolwascompletelydifferentfromwhatheexpected-muchh3StudentstookfourteensubjectsinsteadofthesixthatareusualintheUnitedStates.Therewerea4nooutsideactivities.Familylifetoo,wasdifferent.Thefather'swordwaslaw,andallactivitieswerearoundthefamilynotacertainmemberofthefamily.Fredfoundthefoodtoosimpleatfirst.Also,hem5havingacar.“Backhome,youpickupsomefriendsinacarandgooutandhaveagoodtime.InGermany,youw6butyousoonlearntolikeit.”AtthesametimeinAmerica,Mike,afriendlyGermanboy,wasalsoforminghisidea."IsupposethelessonsinAmericanschoolsaretooeasybyour1 7Jhesays."ButIhavetosaythatIlikeitverymuch.InGermanywedonothingbutstudy.Herewetakepartinmanyoutsideactivities.Ithinkthatmaybeyourschoolsarebetterattrainingforcitizens.Thereoughttobesomemiddlegroundbetweenthetwo.【答案】1.(r)eal2.(e)xchange3.(h)arder4.(a)lmost5.(m)issed6.(w)alk7.(l)evel【導(dǎo)語】本文主要講述了來自世界各地的一些23歲的青少年會和美國當(dāng)?shù)氐膶W(xué)生交換，彼此去到不同的國家，文章還介紹了幾個在異國他鄉(xiāng)的學(xué)生對新國家的各方面的看法。.句意：他們將會加入美國學(xué)校，認(rèn)識美國青少年，形成真實的美國的印象。根據(jù)后文的“…gainanewunderstandingoftherestoftheworld「可知，其他學(xué)生也會去到其他地方對剩余的世界獲得全新的理解，因此其他國家的學(xué)生去到美國也會有對真實的美國有印象，結(jié)合首字母，real表示“真實的"。故填(r)eal。.句意：這是一種雙向的學(xué)生交換行動。根據(jù)后文的“Fred,aboyofnineteen,spentlastyearinGermanywithGeorge'sfamily.Inturn,George'ssonMikespentayearinFred'shomeinAmerica."可知，弗萊德去到德國的喬治的家庭，而喬治的兒子邁克會去到弗萊德在美國的家里.，因此這是一種學(xué)生交換的方式，結(jié)合首字母，exchange表示“交換”。故填(e)xchange。.句意：學(xué)校跟他所期待的完全不同 難太多了。根據(jù)后文“StudentstookfourteensubjectsinsteadofthesixthatareusualintheUnitedStates.”可知,德國的學(xué)生上14門課目而不是像在美國的那樣是六門,結(jié)合首字母，應(yīng)該用hard表示“困難的”，而句子隱含著現(xiàn)實中的情況和預(yù)期的對比，應(yīng)用比較級，副詞much修飾比較級。故填(h)arder。.句意：幾乎沒有戶外活動o根據(jù)前文“StudentstookfourteensubjectsinsteadofthesixthatareusualintheUnitedStates.”可知，學(xué)生要上14門課程而不像美國的6門,結(jié)合首字母，可推知是almos儼幾乎”,表示要上課幾乎沒有戶外活動。故填(a)lmost。.句意：同樣的，他想念有一輛車。根據(jù)后文的“Backhome,youpickupsomefriendsinacarandgooutandhaveagoodtime.?可知，弗萊德在美國家里的時候，在車上帶上朋友然后出去玩得很開心，結(jié)合首字母，應(yīng)用miss“想念”，表示在德國想念有車的日子，文章時態(tài)為一般過去時，應(yīng)用過去式。故填(m)issedo.句意：在德國，你要走路，但你很快學(xué)會愛上它。從前文可知，弗萊德想念有車的日子，在美國時候可用跟朋友開車去玩，結(jié)合首字母，可推知在德國沒有車，需要走路，應(yīng)用walk。故填(w)alk。.句意：我覺得美國學(xué)校的課程對我們的水平來說太容易了。由前文可知，美國的學(xué)校通常只有6門課，而德國的有14門，因此相對德國的學(xué)生來說，美國的課程比他們的水平要簡單，結(jié)合首字母，用名詞level“水平”。故填⑴ev水。(2023?上海靜安?統(tǒng)考一模)Fillintheblanksw汕properwords(在短文的空格內(nèi)填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~，使其內(nèi)容通順。每空格限填一詞，首字母已給)TravelAloneIamsoexcited.Alsoalittlenervous!Iamoffonatriponmyown.Yes!Alone!Iamfeelingsobraveandcan'twaittogetgoing.IamheadingofftoEuropetoseesomecitiesIreallywanttovisit.Iamalsogoingtohavesomuchfun.Itisgreatb8IcanchoosewhatIwanttodoineachcity.IamgoingtotravelbytrainontheEuro-rail.Icanbuyonetrainticketthat1 9twoweeks,anduseitalloverEurope.ThetraintripacrossItalywasfastandthev10ofthecountrysidewerebeautiful.NowIaminSalzburg,Austria.ThequiethillsofAustriaareagreatplacetovisit.ThemovieTheSoundofMusicwasfilmedaroundthisarea.Itistrulybeautiful.Ienjoythen11sceneryofthemountainsandtheDanubeRiverfrommyhotelwindow.Therearealsomanycastlesandcathedralstovisit.Mozart,thefamousmusician,wasfromhere.Ilistenedtosomeofhisclassicalmusic.Icouldreallyr12myselfwhenIsippedonahotcupofcoffee.Amsterdamisafuncity,f13offriendlylocalsandtourists.ThetrainridetoAmsterdamwasalongone.Itgavemetimetowritesomepostcardstosendbackhome.Ispentthewholedayexploringtheartmuseumshere.Itookaboatridea14themanywatercanals(運(yùn)河)andsawpeoplewearingtheirwoodenclogs(木屐)?IevengottotastesomedeliciousDutchcheese.【答案】8.(b)ecause9.(l)asts10.(v)iews11.(n)atural12.(r)elax13.(f)ull14.(a)long【導(dǎo)語】本文主要介紹了作者獨(dú)自旅行的經(jīng)歷。.句意：這很棒,因為我可以在每個城市選擇我想做的事情。根據(jù)"IcanchoosewhatIwanttodoineachcity”和首字母提示可知，前后兩句是前果后因的關(guān)系，because“因為”符合句意，故填(b)ecause。.句意：我可以買一張兩周的火車票，然后用它走遍歐洲。根據(jù)"useitalloverEurope”和首字母提示可知，購買的票能夠持續(xù)兩周，且句子時態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時，先行詞ticket是單數(shù)形式，lasts“持續(xù)”符合句意，故填lasts。.句意：穿越意大利的火車旅行很快，鄉(xiāng)村的景色也很美。根據(jù)"werebeautify和首字母提示可知，需要名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式，此處指景色很美麗，views“景色”符合句意，故填(v)iews。.句意：我從旅館的窗口欣賞著群山和多瑙河的自然風(fēng)光。根據(jù)"sceneryofthemountains”和首字母提示可知，欣賞自然景色，形容詞作定語，natural"自然的”符合句意，故填(n)atural。.句意：當(dāng)我喝一杯熱咖啡時，我真的可以放松自己。根據(jù)“whenIsippedonahotcupofcoffee.”和首字母提示可知，喝咖啡的時候能夠放松自己，情態(tài)動詞后接動詞原形，relax“放松”符合句意。故填(r)elax。.句意：阿姆斯特丹是一個有趣的城市，到處都是友好的當(dāng)?shù)厝撕陀慰?。根?jù)"friendlylocalsandtourists”和首字母提示可知，充滿了人，fullo儼充滿”，故填.句意：我乘船沿著許多運(yùn)河航行，看到人們穿著木屐。根據(jù)"themanywatercanals(運(yùn)河)”和首字母提示可知，沿著運(yùn)河劃船，along“沿著”符合句意，故填(a)long。(2023?上海黃浦?統(tǒng)考一模)在短文的空格內(nèi)填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~，使其通順。每空格限填一詞，首字母已給。Haveyouseenpiecesoflitteraroundwhereyoulive?Droppinglitterdoesn'tlooknice;itcanharmtheenvironmentanditisactuallya15thelaw.Littermeansallsortsofthingsthathavebeendroppedinapublicspace,includingbottles,cans,cigaretteends,crisppacketsandsweetwrappers.Littercollectsonstreetsandpaths,inbushes,parks,riversandtrees.Itcantakehundredsofyearstodecompose(slowlybreakdownanddisappear)andcand16thesoil.Wildlifes17becauseoflitter.Animalscangetinjuredbysharpcansorglass,ortheymightevenaccidentallyeatbitsofplastic.Litterisblownbythewindandw18intoriversanddrains.Eventuallythesethingsendupinthesea,wheretheycanbead19toseacreatures.Ifyou'redoingaclean-upoperation,oneveryusefulthingisalitterpicker.Ithasahandleatoneendandgrabberattheother.Usingalitterpickerallowsyoutocollectrubbisheasilyands20Youshouldalwayswearprotectivegloveswhenoutcollectingrubbish.Wearingabright-colourvestisalsoagoodidea,butn21gopickinguplitternearabusyroadwithoutanadultwithyou.【答案】.(a)gainst16.(d)amage17.(s)uffers18.(w)ashed19.(d)anger20.(s)afely21.(n)ever【導(dǎo)語】本文主要講述了環(huán)境污染的危害。.句意：它對環(huán)境有害并且它事實上是違反法律。分析句子和首字母提示可知是“違反法律”用againstthelawo故填(a)gainst。.句意：它可能需要數(shù)百年才能分解并且它會毀壞土壤。根據(jù)文中“Itcantakehundredsofyearstodecompose”可知垃圾需要百年才能分解；又根據(jù)首字母提示，可知它會對毀壞土壤，應(yīng)用damage,前面有情態(tài)動詞“can”，故用原形。故填(d)amage。.句意：因為垃圾野生動物也在受難。根據(jù)后文“Animalscangetinjuredbysharpcansorglass,ortheymightevenaccidentallyeatbitsofplastic."可知，野生動物也在受難。根據(jù)首字母提示可知應(yīng)用suffer,主語是“Wildlife”三單，故suffer用三單形式。故填(s)uffers。.句意：垃圾被風(fēng)吹進(jìn)河流和下水道。分析句子可知垃圾是被風(fēng)吹了然后流進(jìn)河流，又根據(jù)首字母提示可知用wash；分析句子可知是被動語態(tài)，故用過去分詞washed。故填(w)ashed。.句意：最終，這些東西最終在海洋中消失，它們在那里對海洋生物成為一種危害。分析句子可知垃圾進(jìn)入海洋消失，對海洋生物造成危害，又根據(jù)首字母提示和空前的“屋可知，此處應(yīng)用名詞danger。故填(d)anger。.句意：使用垃圾收取器可以既方便地又安全地收集垃圾。分析句子和首字母提示，可知用收取器收集垃圾是安全的，與easily并列，故用副詞safely。故填(s)afely。.句意：穿上一件鮮艷的背心也是一個好主意，但是在沒有大人的陪伴下永遠(yuǎn)都不要去繁忙的道路上去撿垃圾。根據(jù)首字母提示和分析題干可知，此處是告誡人們沒有大人的陪伴永遠(yuǎn)不要去繁忙的道路上去撿垃圾。故填(n)ever。(2022春,上海閔行?九年級上海市實驗學(xué)校西校?？计谥?Fillintheblankswithproperwords(在短文的空格內(nèi)填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~，使其內(nèi)容通順。每空格限填一詞，首字母已給)WhatisTechnology?Technologyistheapplication(應(yīng)用)ofknowledgetoproduction.Withthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,wecanenjoytheconvenienceoflife.Wehavebeenabletoincreasegreatlytheefficiencyofourworkbecauseofm22technology.FormostofusinAmerica,technologyisthoughtofasthereasonwhywecanhavecarsandtelevisionsets.However,technologyhasalsoincreasedtheamountoffooda23tousbymeansofgoodfarmingmachineryandanimalbreedingtechniques,andhasextendedourlifespan(壽命).Soitraisesaquestion.Willhumanbeingscontinuetolivelongerandhaveahigherqualityoflife?Theanswerdependsontechnologyandourabilitytouseitw24Ifwekeepmakingprogressaswehaveoverthepastfiftyyears,theanswerisdefinitelyyes.Theimprovementintechnologydependsuponresearchandd25andthelateststatistics(統(tǒng)計)showthattheUnitedStatesiscontinuingtospendbillionsofdollarseveryyearonsuche26Sowhilewearerunningoutofsomescarceresources,wemayfindtechnologicalsubstitutes(代用品)formanyofthemthroughourresearchprogrammes.Actually,whenweneednewskillsontechniquesinmedicine,peoplewillstartdevelopingnewtechnologytomeetthoseneeds.Peoplewillworktogethertodesignnewproductstos27somedifficultproblems.Whenequipmentprovestobesloworinefficient,newmachineswillbei28inresponsetoit.【答案】.(m)odern23.(a)vailable24.(w)idely25.(d)evelopment26.(e)fforts27.(s)olve28.(i)nvented【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文，主要講述技術(shù)的發(fā)明創(chuàng)造、應(yīng)用與作用。.句意：由于現(xiàn)代技術(shù)，我們已經(jīng)能夠很大程度提高工作效率。根據(jù)“increasegreatlytheefficiencyofourworkbecauseof...technology”以及首字母可知，提高工作效率應(yīng)是因為現(xiàn)代科技，modem”現(xiàn)代的"符合語境，形容詞作定語。故填(m)odern。.句意：然而，通過良好的農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械和動物育種技術(shù)，技術(shù)也增加了我們可獲得的食物數(shù)量。根據(jù)"technologyhasalsoincreasedtheamountoffood...tous”以及首字母可知，應(yīng)是技術(shù)增加了我們可獲得的食物數(shù)量，available“可獲得的”符合語境。故填(a)vailable。.句意：答案取決于技術(shù)和我們廣泛使用技術(shù)的能力?？仗帒?yīng)填副詞修飾動詞use,根據(jù)“Theanswerdependsontechnologyandourabilitytouseit…”以及首字母可知，此處指廣泛運(yùn)用,widely“廣泛地”符合語境。故填(w)idely。.句意：技術(shù)的進(jìn)步依賴于研究和發(fā)展。and連接兩個并列成分，結(jié)合research可知，空處也應(yīng)用名詞；根據(jù)"Theimprovementintechnologydependsuponresearch”以及首字母可知，技術(shù)的進(jìn)步是要依賴于發(fā)展的，development"發(fā)展”，不可數(shù)名詞。故填(d)evelopment。.句意：最新的統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)顯示，美國每年仍在這方面投入數(shù)十億美元。such修飾名詞；根據(jù)“thelateststatisticsshowthattheUnitedStatesiscontinuingtospendbillionsofdollarseveryyear”以及首字母可知，止匕處指美國方面的努力，effort“努力”，可數(shù)名詞，所以此處應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)。故填(e)fforts。.句意：人們會一起工作，設(shè)計新產(chǎn)品，以解決一些難題。根據(jù)"somedifficultproblems”以及首字母可知，應(yīng)是解決問題，solve“解決”，不定式符號t。后應(yīng)用動詞原形。故填(s)olve。.句意：當(dāng)設(shè)備運(yùn)行慢或者低效的時候，為了解決這個問題，新的機(jī)器會被發(fā)明出來。根據(jù)“Whenequipmentprovestobesloworinefficient”可知，此處指發(fā)明新機(jī)器，invent“發(fā)明"，且“機(jī)器是被發(fā)明”，所以用被動語態(tài)，空處應(yīng)用過去分詞。故填⑴nvented。(2023?上海閔行,統(tǒng)考一模)Readthepassageandfillintheblankswithproperwords(在短文的空格內(nèi)填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~，使其內(nèi)容通順，每空格限填一詞，首字母已給)AppstoexciteyourinnerartistStayingathomewithoutteachersandclassmates,youprobablywillplaywithyoursmartphonetogetthroughthelongdays.Buthowcanyouunlockyourphone'sfullpotential?Startdownloadingsomeinterestingandcreativeappsthatwillhelpyouk29timeandboredom.Wehavechosenthreeforyou.Trythemoutandhavefun.EasyVoiceChangerWhenyouwatchsci-fimovies,youmayhavenoticedthatpeoplecanchangetheirvoicesinphonecallsandrecordings.Doyouwanttohavethismagicala30 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