2022年黑龍江省伊春市大學(xué)英語6級(jí)大學(xué)英語六級(jí)

2022年黑龍江省伊春市大學(xué)英語6級(jí)大學(xué)英語六級(jí)學(xué)校:________班級(jí):________姓名:________考號(hào):________

一、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(20題)1.

Asuccessfultaglineshouldnotfocusonthefeaturesofabrandname,butits______.

2.

OneoftheweakpointsofLAMVis_______.

3.

Humanbeingistheonlyspeciesthatunderstandstheconceptofrisk,sowecanavoidexposingourselvestorealdangers.

A.YB.NC.NG

4.

ShestudiesatPennsylvaniaCollegeforWomenfirstwithamajorin______thenchangedhermajorto______.

5.

ThebeggarsinLondon______speakwithanyonewhotalkedaboutAmerica.

6.

Accordingtothepassage,thebestwaytomakeupforsleepdeficitis______.

A.totakenapseveryday

B.tohavemoresleepovertime

C.togotobedearly

D.todrinkacupofmilkbeforebedtime

7.

Nowcohabitationnormallyhappensbeforemarriage.

A.YB.NC.NG

8.

EasterdayiscelebratedonthefirstSundayafterthe______,onorafterMarch21st.

9.

Thesolution,suggestedbyGreenberg,totheproblemofthecouplementionedattheverybeginningofthisarticleisto______.

10.

______aretheplacesthatepidemicsinitiallybreakoutforthemostcases.

11.

ThebookThePlayofPowerstill______thepublicpolicy,althoughnotinseparatechapters.

12.

Accordingtothepassage,people______cantakerunningasregularexerciseimmediately?

A.withalotofenthusiasm

B.withgoodhealthcondition

C.whohavenomoneybutlotsoftime

D.whowanttobestronger

13.

Whenusingpublictransportation,thevisitorsaresuggested______.becauseinthiswaytheymayknowlessaboutthelocalculture.

14.

NationalNegroBusinessLeagueexistsfrom______.

15.AccordingtoVisa,transactionsbymobileATMscanencouragespendingby______.

A.18%B.5%C.0.4D.0.2

16.

TheIndianshadinventedthehammocklongbeforetheEuropeanscametoSouthAmerica.

A.YB.NC.NG

17.

Incompatiblecommunicationsisacountry-wideproblemintheU.S.becauseofthe______whichshouldbeconvertedorreplaced.

18.

Expertsthinklivinginan,ethnicallydiverseneighborhoodisadvisablebecausechildrencansee______.

19.

Aftershegotanewjob,LisaPerezregrettedthatshehadnotdonevolunteeringworkearlier.

A.YB.NC.NG

20.

AccordingtoDr.PeterDiot,______couldbepowerfulenoughtopreventHIVtransmission.

二、3.ListeningComprehension(20題)21.(34)

A.BecauseAmericansaretiredoftheirtraditionalfood.

B.Becausemanyinternationalorganizationsarelocatedthere.

C.BecauseAmericaisacountryfullofimmigrants.

D.BecauseAmericaoftenholdsinternationalfoodfestivals.

22.聽力原文：M:HowdidMr.Hunt'sprojectturnout?Iheardhehadtroublewiththefinancing,butthenhewasabletogettheloanhewanted.

W:It'strue.Hedidhavedifficultiesatfirst.Butallinall,theprojectcouldn'thaveturnedoutbetter.

WhathappenedtoMr.Hunt'sproject?.

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A.Itwasfairlysuccessful.

B.Itwashardandfutile.

C.Itfailedforlackoffund.

D.Itstoppedforlackofland.

23.(13)

A.Aliceisnowinaverybadtemper.

B.Aliceisnowpreparingforthetest.

C.Aliceisnowveryhappy.

D.Aliceisnowill.

24.SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.

聽力原文：Youshouldnotfearspidersbecauseoftheirpoison.OfallthespidersinNorthAmerica,onlyonekindisverydangerousandmostwouldnotbiteeveniftheywerehandled.Theymuchprefertorunawayortodroptothegroundonathreadofsilk.Evenso,whenaspiderrunsdirectlytowardaperson,itgivestheimpressionthatitisabouttoattack.Actually,itcannotseethepersoninitsway.Thespideristooshort-sightedtoseethingsatadistance.Itonlywantstogowhereitwon'tbedisturbed.IntheUnitedStatesonekindofspiderisresponsibleforthefrighteningreputationoftherest.ItistheBlackWidow,socalledbecausethefemale,whichislargerthanthemale,ofteneatsherhusbandaftermakinglove.TheBlackWidowisfoundinallstatesbutismostcommoninthesouthandthewest.Sheconstructsaloose,irregularwebunderapileofruinsornearthefoundationsofbuildingswheresheisseldomdisturbed.Sheisnotanattackingspiderandmanypeoplehaveproventhisbylettinghercrawlovertheirhands.Whenshebites,itisusuallyinself-defense.Inspiteofthestoriesyoumayhaveheard,itisrareforapersontobebittenbyaBlackWidowandevenmoreunusualforthebitetoprovefatal.Butrememberthatherpoisonispowerfulandeventhoughsheisshy,sheshouldberespected.

Questions30to32arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

30.Whatisthispassagemainlyabout?

31.Whatdowelearnaboutspidersfromthepassage?

32.WhyisthespideryoujustheardaboutcalledBlackWidow?

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A.Howtohandlespiders.

B.SpidersintheUnitedStates.

C.People'sfearofspiders.

D.Aspecialkindofspider.

25.

【B3】

26.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.

聽力原文：M:Ijustcalledthetravelagency,it'sallset.OnJunefirst,I'mheadingforthemountainsforanentireweek.

W:Haveyoucheckedtheacademiccalendar?Becausemyclassesaren'tovertilltheseventh.

Q:Whatdoesthewomanimply?

(12)

A.Shehasn'tcalledthetravelagencyyet.

B.Themanmayhavetoreschedulehistrip.

C.Shedoesn'tknowwhenhersemesterends.

D.Themanshouldtakehisvacationsomewhereelse.

27.聽力原文：It'sgenerallyagreedthatserious,violentcrimehasreachedalarmingproportionsintheUnitedStates.AsurveybytheLawEnforcemeatAssistanceAdministrationfoundthat61%ofallwomenfeelunsafeintheirownneighborhoodsatnight;that45%ofthepopulationisafraidtowalkaloneatnightneartheirownhomes;andthat47%ownguns,largeforsalf-protection.

Thosearrestedforcrimesanddisproportionatelylikelytobemale,young,amemberofaracialminority,andacityresident.Malesarearrestedaboutfourtimesasoftenasfemales.Onlyinjuvenilerunawaycasesandprostitutionarefemalesmoreoftenatoned.Oneisthesexrolestereotypingwhichencouragesmalestobemoreaggressiveanddaring,whilefemalesamencouragedtohenacrepassiveandconformingtotherulesandnorms.Thesecondreasonisthetendencyofpoliceofficersandthecalmstodealmorekindlywithfemaleoffenders.However,itshouldbenoted,inthepastdecade,crimeamongfemaleshasbeenincreasingatmuchfasterratethanamongmales,anegativesideeffectwhichhasbeenattributedtowomenchallengingthetraditionalsexrole.ofpassivityandconformity.

Youngpeopleappeartocommitfarmorethantheirshareofcrime,includingthecrimesthatareclassifiedbytheFBIasmostserious-rape,murder,robbery,arson,burglary,aggravatedassault,autotheft.In1985,31%ofallarrestswereofpersonundertheageof21,and50%ofallarrestswereofpersonsunder25.

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A.Forhunting.

B.Forprotectinghimself.

C.Forstimulation.

D.Forprotectingthecountry.

28.SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.

聽力原文：InMr.Allen'shighschoolclass,allthestudentshaveto"getmarried."However,theweddingceremoniesarenotrealonesbutimitations.Thesemockceremoniessometimesbecomesonoisythattheloudlaughterdrownsoutthevoiceofthe"minister."Eventhetwostudentsgettingmarriedoftenbegintogiggle.

Theteacher,Mr.Allen,believesthatmarriageisadifficultandseriousbusiness.Hewantsyoungpeopletounderstandthattherearemanychangesthatmusttakeplaceaftermarriage.Hebelievesthattheneedforthesepsychologicalandfinancialadjustmentsshouldbeunderstoodbeforepeoplemarry.

Mr.Allendoesn'tonlyintroducehisstudentstomajorproblemsfacedinmarriagesuchasillnessorunemployment.Healsoexposesthemtothecommonproblemstheywillfaceeveryday.Hewantstointroduceyoungpeopletoallthetrialsandtribulationsthatcanstrainamarriagetothebreakingpoint.Heevenfamiliarizeshisstudentswiththeproblemsofdivorceandthefactthatdivorcedmenmustpaychildsupportmoneyfortheirchildrenandsometimespaymonthlyalimonytotheirwives.

Ithasbeenunsettlingforsomeofthestudentstoseetheproblemsthatamarriedcoupleoftenfaces.Untiltheytookthecourse,theyhadnotworriedmuchabouttheproblemsofmarriage.However,bothstudentsandparentsfeelthatMr.Allen'scourseisvaluableandhaveendorsedthecoursepublicly.Theirstatementsandletterssupportingtheclasshaveconvincedtheschooltoofferthecourseagain.

(27)

A.It'sarealweddingceremony.

B.It'sjusttheimitationoftheweddingceremony.

C.It'saseriousceremony.

D.It'sjustadiscussionamongstudents.

29.(36)

A.Becauseitwasmorenutritiousthanothertypeofbread.

B.Becauseitdidnotrequireyeast.

C.Becauseitstayedfreshforalongtime.

D.Becauseittooklesstimetobrake.

30.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.

(12)

A.Shewillgothroughthephysicstestwiththeman.

B.Shewillhelpthemantodosomephysicalexercise.

C.Shewillhelpthemantosolvethesephysicsproblems.

D.Shewillreviewthephysicsproblemswiththeman.

31.聽力原文：W:IreallywanttoknowwhyNancyisalwayssohostiletowardme.

M:Didyoueverthinkofjustcomingrightoutandaskingher?

Q:Whatdoesthemanthinkthewomanshoulddo?

(14)

A.BehostiletoNancy.

B.AskNancytocomeout.

C.TalktoNancyherself.

D.WriteNancyaletter.

32.聽力原文：Doyouhavetroublesleepingatnight?Thenmaybethisisforyou.Whenyouworryaboutmeetingsleepandtossandtrun.tryingtofindacomfortableposition,you'reprobablyonlymakingmattersworse.Whathappenswhenyoudothatisthatyourheartrateactuallyincreases,makingitmoredifficulttorelax.Youmayalsohavesomebadhabitsthatcontributetotheproblem.Doyourestfrequentlyduringtheday?Doyougetvirtuallynoexercise,ordoyouexercisestrenuouslylateintheday?Areyoupreoccupiedwithsleep,ordoyousleeplateonweekends?Anyorallofthesefactorsmightbeleadingtoyourinsomniabydisruptingyourbody'snaturalrhythm.Whatshouldyoudo,then,onthosesleeplessnights?Don'tbotherwithsleepingpills.Theycanactuallycauseworseinsomnialater.Thebestthingtodoisdrinkmilkoreatcheeseortunafish(金槍魚).Theseareallrichinaminoacids(氨基酸)andhelpproduceaneurotransmitterinthebrainthatinducessleep.Thisneurotransmitterwillhelpyourelax,andyou'llbeonyourwaytogettingagoodnight'ssleep.

Untiltomorrow'sbroadcast,thishasbeenanotherintheseries"HintsforGoodHealth".

(30)

A.Yourheartrateislowered.

B.Itbecomeshardertorelax.

C.Youbecometotiredtosleep.

D.Sleeprhythmsaredisrupted.

33.(31)

A.Industry.

B.Health.

C.Thefutureofourchildren.

D.Cleanair.

34.(32)

A.DowningStreetistheplacewhereIranianleadersmeetvisitors.

B.Ideologicalandculturaldifferencesareobstacles.

C.Economicsanctionsareeffectiveoncontrollinganothercountry.

D.Peacefulmeansisthebestsolutioninsettlingdifferences.

35.SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.

聽力原文：Recentlycompletedresearchrevealswarmeroceanscausedbyglobalwarmingismakingitmoredifficultforfishtobreatheandsurvive.

Biologistshaveknownforyearsdecliningfishstocksarcconnectedtoglobalwarming,butanewstudyofeelpouts—big-headedfishthatresembleeels—isthefirsttogodeeperandseehowwarmerseasareconnectedtohowfishestakeinoxygen.

ScientistsstudiedtherelationshipbetweenseatemperatureandeelpoutscountsintheSouthernNorthSea,combiningdatafromthefieldwithlabinvestigationsofeelpoutphysiology.

TheresearchersnotonlyfoundtheoxygenlevelsinthewatersoftheNorthandBalticSeashavedroppedbecauseofincreasingtemperaturesoverthepast50years--afactorthatreducesfishpopulation—theyalsodiscoveredeelpoutsneedmoreoxygeninwarmerwaters,asecondfactorthatisreducingtheirnumbers.

Akeyfactorinthediminishingsizeoffishstockisincreaseddifficultyinabsorbingoxygenviarespirationandbloodcirculationcausedbythewarmingwaters.

Animalstoleratealimitedrangeofenvironmentalconditions.Anythingoutoftheirtolerancecancausedamage.FishintheNorthSeahaveevolvedtotolerateawiderrangeoftemperaturesthanfishelsewherebecauseofthelargeseasonalfluctuationsthere.

Worldwide,warmingwaterscanbeexpectedtostrainspeciesthatrequirelotsofoxygen,forcingthemtoeitherrelocatetocoolerwatersorfaceextinction.

(27)

A.Somespecieshavebeenextinctsinceglobalwarming.

B.Biologistshaveknownforyearsdecliningfishstocksareconnectedtoglobalwarming.

C.Globalwarminghascausedtheseawaterwarmer.

D.Itismoredifficultforfishtobreatheandsurviveinwarmeroceanscausedbyglobalwarming.

36.聽力原文：W:Thedoctorshouldbeabletoseeyouinafewminutes.Ijustneedsomeinformationfromyoufirst.Whatseemstobetheproblem?

M:Well,asyoucansee,I'vegotarashonmyhandsandarms.Ithinkitmightbesomekindofallergicreaction.Myroommatejustgotamewcat.MaybeI'mallergictocats.

W:Hmm.Usually,allergiestoanimalsdon'tcauserashesonyourhands.

M:Well,maybeI'mallergictosomekindoffood,or...

W:Whendidseeyourrashfirstdevelop?

M:OnMonday.ByTuesday,itwasworse,andonTuesdaynightIcouldhardlysleep.

W:Tellme,haveyoubeenoutinthewoodslately?

M:Outinthewoods?IwenthikingSaturday.Why?Oh,Igetit.Youthinkmyrashmightbecausedbypoisonivy,right?

W:Well,itlookslikethat.Thedoctorcantellyouforsure.Doyouknowifyoucameincontactwithpoisonivy?

M:No,butthenIhavenoideawhatpoisonivylookslike.

W:Itgrowsinclustersofthreeleaves,andtheleavesarewaxylooking.

M:Well,ifIdohavepoisonivy,whatcanthedoctordoforme?

W:Hecanprescribealotionthatwillrelievetheitching.ButifIwereyou.I'dgotothelibraryandlookforsomecolorphotosofpoisonivy,andtrytoavoiditthenexttimeyougointothewoods...

(22)

A.Doctorandnurse.

B.Librarianandlibrarypatron.

C.Forestrangerandhiker.

D.Nurseandpatient.

37.聽力原文：Cultureshockoccursasaresultoftotalimmersioninanewculture.Ithappenstopeoplewhohavebeensuddenlytransplantedabroad.Newcomersmaybeanxiousbecausetheydonotspeakthelanguage,knowthecustoms,orunderstandpeople'sbehavior.indailylife.Thevisitorfindsthatyesmaynotalwaysmeanyes,thatfriendlinessdoesnotnecessarilymeanfriendship,orthatstatementsthatappeartobeseriousarereallyintendedasjokes.Theforeignersmaybeunsureastowhentoshakehands,whentoinitiateconversations,orhowtoapproachastranger.Thenotionofcultureshockhelpsexplainfeelingsofbewildermentandconfusion.Languageproblemsdonotaccountforallthefrustrationsthatpeoplefeel.Whenoneisdeprivedofeverythingthatwasoncefamiliar,suchasunderstandingatransportationsystem,knowinghowtoregisterforuniversityclasses,orknowinghowtomakefriends,difficultiesincopingwiththenewsocietymayarise.

Newcomersfeelattimesthattheydonotbelongandconsequently,mayfeelalienatedfromthenativememberoftheculture.Whenthishappens,visitorsmaywanttorejecteverythingaboutthenewenvironmentandmayexaggeratethepositiveaspectsoftheirownculture.Conversely,visitorsmayscorntheirnativecountrybyrejectingitsvaluesandinsteadchoosingtoidentifywiththevaluesofthenewcountry.

(30)

A.Theymayworryabouttheirknowledgeof"yes"inthenativelanguage.

B.Theymayworryabouttheirabilitytomakefriends.

C.Theymayworryabouttheircontrolofthebehavior.

D.Theymayworryabouttheirignoranceofthealiencustoms.

38.SectionC

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthe

聽力原文：Withtherecentrapidadvancesininformationtechnologies,educationalresearchersateverylevelandineverydisciplinehavedevelopednewmethods,tools,andenvironmentsforinstruction.AstheInternet,e-mallandmultimediahavealreadybecomepartsofmostcollegestudents'livesnowadays;applyingthesenewinformationtechnologiestoengineeringandscienceinstructionisagreatchallengeforteachersandresearchers.Althoughtheeffectivenessandimpactofnewinformationtechnologiesoneducationusenotyetwellcomprehendedanddocumentedthepromisesandvisionstheyholdforimprovingeducationareexciting.Forexample,computer-mediatednetworksprovidedistanceeducationwithanewmediumforbringingteachersstudentsandlearningmaterialsindifferentlocationstogether.Studentsathomeandinworkplacescanhaveaccesstolearningmaterialatanytime.Individualstudentscancommunicatewiththeirteachersandtalkwithouttherelativenervousnessofhavingtomeetatspecificplacesandtimes.Studentscanworkonlearningmaterialsattheirownpaceanddiscussthemwithotherpeoplewhentheyhavequestions.Inotherwords,theycanlearnindividuallybutnotalone;theyarephysicallyseparatedbutstudytogetherthroughcomputernetworks.

Withtherecentrapidadvancesininformationtechnologies,(36)______researchersateverylevelandinevery(37)______havedevelopednewmethods,tools,and(38)______forinstruction.AstheInternet,e-mailandmultimediahavealreadybecomepartsofmostcollegestudentslivesnowadays;(39)______thesenewinformationtechnologiestoengineeringandscienceinstructionisagreat(40)______forteachersandresearchers.Althoughtheeffectivenessand(41)______ofnewinformationtechnologiesoneducationarenotyetwell(42)______anddocumentedthepromisesand(43)______theyholdforimprovingeducationareexcitingForexample,(44)____________.Studentsathomeandinworkplacescanhaveaccesstolearningmaterialatanytime.(45)____________.Studentscanworkonlearningmaterialsattheirownpaceanddiscussthemwithotherpeoplewhentheyhavequestions.Inotherwords,(46)____________.

39.聽力原文：Aperson'ssocialprestigeseemstobedeterminedmainlybyhisorherjob.Occupationsarevaluedintermsoftheincomesassociatedwiththem,althoughotherfactorscanalsoberelevant—particulartheamountofeducationagivenoccupationrequiresandthedegreeofcontroloverothersitprovides.Theholdersofpoliticalpoweralsotendtohavehighprestige.

Unlikepowerandwealth,whichdonotseemtobebecomingmoreequallyshared,thesymbolsofprestigehavebecomeavailabletoanincreasingnumberofAmericans.Themainreasonistheradicalchangeinthenatureofjobsoverthecourseofthiscentury.In1900nearly40percentofthelaborforcewerefarmworkersandlessthan20percentheldwhite-collarjobs.Atthebeginningofthe1980s,however,lessthan5percentofthelaborforceworkedonfarmsandwhite-collarworkerswerethelargestsingleoccupationalcategory.Blue-collarworkers,thelargestcategoryinthemid-fifties,nowconstitutelessthanathirdofallworkers.Theincreaseintheproportionofhigh-prestigejobshasallowedamuchgreaternumberofAmericanstoenjoythesestatusesandthelife-stylesthatgowiththem.

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A.Power.B.Academicdegree.C.Wealth.D.Diligence.

40.(38)

三、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(20題)41.

AccordingtotheassumptiongiveninLastPara.,wedon'texactlyknow______.

42.

WhatdidpeopledotosolvetheproblemofrainlackaroundChadLake?

A.Theymovedoutofthisarea.

B.TheydrewwaterfromLakeChad.

C.Theycarriedwaterfromotherareas.

D.Theyutilizeseawaternearthisarea.

43.(57)

44.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.

Successfulbusinessestendtocontinueimplementingtheideasthatmadethemsuccessful.Butinarapidlychangingworld,ideasoftenbecomeobsolete(過時(shí)的)overnight.Whatworkedinthepastwon'tnecessarilyworkinthefuture.Inordertothriveinthefuture,youmustconstantlycreatenewideasforeveryaspectofyourbusiness.Infact,youmustcontinuallygeneratenewideasjusttokeepyourheadabovewater.Businessesthataren'tcreativeabouttheirfuturemaynotsurvive.

AlthoughBillGatesistherichest,mostsuccessfulmanontheplanet,hedidnotanticipatetheInternet.Nowhe'sscramblingtocatchup.IfBillGatescanmissamajoraspectofhisindustry,itcanhappentoyouinyourindustry.Yourbusinessneedstocontinuallyinnovateandcreateitsfuture.

GatesisnowconstantlyworriedaboutthefutureofMicrosoft.Here'swhathesaidinarecentinterviewinU.S.NewsWorldReport:"Willwebereplacedtomorrow?No.Inaveryshorttimeframe,Microsoftisanincrediblystrongcompany.Butwhenyoulooktothetwo-to-three-yeartimeframe,Idon'tthinkanyonecansaywithastraightfacethatanytechnologycompanyhasaguaranteedposition.NotIntel,notMicrosoft,notCompaq,notDell,takeanyofyourfavorites.Andthat'stotallyhonest."

Youmayrememberthatin1985theCabbagePatchKidsdollswerethebest-sellingtoyonthemarket.ButafterColecoIndustriesintroducedtheirsensationallineofdollstheybecamecomplacentanddidn'tcreateanynewtoysworthmentioning.Asaresult,Colecowentbankruptin1988.

Themostsuccessfulbusinessessurviveinthelongtermbecausetheyconstantlyreassesstheirsituationsandreinventthemselvesaccordingly.The3MCompanyhasa15%rule:Employeesareencouragedtospend15%oftheirtimedevelopingnewideasonanyprojecttheydesire.It'snosurprise,then,that3Mhasbeenaroundsince1902.

Mostbusinessesarenotwillingtotearapartlastyear'smodelofsuccessandbuildanewone.Here'safamiliaranalogy(類比)toexplainwhytheyarelulled(哄騙)intocomplacency.Imaginethatyourbusinessislikeapotoflobsters.Tocooklobsters,youputthemintoapotofwarmwaterandgraduallyturnuptheheat.Thelobstersdon'trealizethey'rebeingcookedbecausetheprocessissogradual.Asaresult,theybecomecomplacentanddiewithoutastruggle.However,ifyouthrowalobsterintothepotwhenthewaterisboiling,itwilldesperatelytrytoescape.Thislobsterisnotlulledbyaslowlychangingenvironment.Itrealizesinstantlythatit'sinahadenvironmentandtakesimmediateactiontochangeitsstatus.

Bysaying"ideasoftenbecomeobsoleteovernight"(Para.1),theauthormeans______.

45.ThecaseofLatinAmericaandIndiashowsthat______.

A.joblessnessdoesnotresultincrimethere

B.joblessnessdoesnotnecessarilyleadtocrime

C.thereisalargepopulationinthoseareas

D.LatinAmericaandIndiaarecrime-free

46.

Accordingtothepassage,BenjaminThompsonwasthedesignerforaprojectin______.

A.SanFranciscoB.BostonC.MinneapolisD.SanAntoino

47.

Whatelementisquitehelpfulinpreventingaplacefromgettingwarmerinhigherlatitudes?

48.Differentfromthepast,nowmoreandmorefibreprojectsarecarriedoutin______

49.

ScientistRamOrenisoftheopinionthatcommonbeliefsofthetree'sabilitytoabsorbcarbondioxideare______.

A.biasedB.insightfulC.overoptimisticD.totallywrong

50.

Themainfactorleadingtoahugeunderfedpopulationindevelopingcountriesis______.

A.cropfailureB.povertyC.foodshortageD.eco-damage

51.SectionB

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.

Theperiodofadolescence,i.e.,theperiodbetweenchildhoodandadulthood,maybelongorshort,dependingonsocialexpectationsandonsociety'sdefinitionastowhatconstitutesmaturityandadulthood.Inprimitivesocietiesadolescenceisfrequentlyarelativelyshortperiodoftime,whileinindustrialsocietieswithpatternsofprolongededucationcoupledwithlawsagainstchildlabor,theperiodofadolescenceismuchlongerandmayincludemostoftheseconddecadeofone'slife.Furthermore,thelengthoftheadolescentperiodandthedefinitionofadulthoodstatusmaychangeinagivensocietyassocialandeconomicconditionschange.ExamplesofthistypeofchangearethedisappearanceofthefrontierinthelatterpartofthenineteenthcenturyintheUnitedStates,andmoreuniversally,theindustrializationofanagriculturalsociety.

Inmodernsociety,ceremoniesforadolescencehavelosttheirformalrecognitionandsymbolicsignificanceandtherenolongerisagreementastowhatconstitutesinitiationceremonies.Socialoneshavebeenreplacedby