新題型四級(jí)匹配練習(xí)題題

大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)改革閱讀了解新題型——匹配題（適合12月）練習(xí)1PartⅢReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionB(原快速閱讀了解調(diào)整為長(zhǎng)篇閱讀了解，篇章長(zhǎng)度和難度不變。篇章后附有10個(gè)句子，每句一題。每句所含信息出自篇章某一段落，要求考生找出與每句所含信息相匹配段落。)Directions:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.Caringforelderlyparentscatchesmanyunprepared[A]LastJuly,JulieBaldocchi，smotherhadamassivestrokeandwasparalyzed.Baldocchisuddenlyhadtobecomeafamilycaregiver,somethingthatshewasn"tpreparedfor.“Iwasflyingbytheseatofmypants,”saysBaldocchi,anemploymentspecialistinSanFrancisco.Bothofherparentsare83,andsheknewherfathercouldn’thandlehermother’scare.Thehospitalrecommendedputtinghermotherinanursinghome.Baldocchiwasn’twillingtodothat.Butmovingherbackintoherparents’homecreatedotherproblems.Baldocchi,48,ismarriedandlivesaboutamileawayfromherparents.Shehasafull-timejobandhasbackproblemsthatmakeitdifficultforhertolifthermother.“Icouldn’tdoitall,”shesays.“ButIdidn’tevenknowhowtofindhelp.”[B]WithhelpfromtheFamilyCaregiverAlliance,sheeventuallyhiredalive-incaregiver.“Butevenifyouplanintellectuallyandlegally,you’reneverreadyfortheemotionalimpact,”Baldocchisays.Inthefirsttwomonthsafterhermother’sstroke,shelostabout30poundsasstressmounted.Morethan42millionAmericansprovidefamilycaregivingforanadultwhoneedshelpwithdailyactivities,accordingtoasurveybytheAARP.Anadditional61.6millionprovidedatleastsomecareduringtheyear.Andmanyareunprepared.[C]Whilemanyparentslackanadvancecaredirective,it’sthemostbasicandimportantsteptheycantake.Thedirectiveincludesseveralparts,including:adurablepowerofattorney,whichgivessomeonelegalauthoritytomakefinancialdecisionsonanother’sbehalf;ahealthcareproxy,whichissimilartothepowerofattorney,exceptitallowssomeonetomakedecisionsregardingmedicaltreatment;andalivingwillthatoutlinesinstructionsforend-of-lifecare.(Forexample,parentscansayiftheywanttobekeptalivebyartificialmeasures.)“It’sinvaluableforthekids,becauseit’shardtomakethosedecisionsforaparent,”saysJenniferCona,anelder-lawattorneyatGenserDubowGenser&ConainMelville,N.Y.Anadvancecaredirectiveisthefirstlineofdefenseifasituationarises,saysKathleenKelly,executivedirectoroftheFamilyCaregiverAlliance,whichsupportsandeducatescaregivers.Withoutanadvancedirective,thefamilywillhavetopetitionthecourttobeappointedtheparent’slegalguardian,saysAgingC.[D]It’simportantforfamiliestotalkaboutlong-termcaresotheadultchildrenknowtheirparents，preferences,wishesandgoals,saysLynnFeinberg,acaregivingexpertatAARP.Butit’snotaneasyconversation.Elderlyparentsaresometimessuspiciousoftheirchildren’sfinancialmotives,saysSusanJohn,afinancialplanneratFinancialFocusinWolfeboro,N.H.OneclientaskedJohntoholdafamilymeetingbecausetheyneededanintermediarytotalkaboutfinancialissues,shesays.Andwhentherearemanysiblings,thefamilydecisionscanbecomeathree-ringcircuswithmuchacrimony,saysAnn-MargaretCarrozza,anelder-lawattorneyinGlenCove,N.Y.Familieswhoneedinformationandhelpsortingoutdisagreementscancallonelder-lawattorneys,financialplanners,geriatriccaremanagersandcaregiversupportgroups.InFebruary,AARPsaiditwillofferitsmembersanewcaregivingsupportservicethroughfinancialservicesfirmGenworth.[E]Manyfamiliesareunpreparedforquickdecisions,especiallywhentheyfindoutthatMedicaredoesn’tpayforlong-termcare,Feinbergsays.Themediancostofayearinaprivateroomatanursinghomeinwas$77,745,accordingtoGenworth.AndonlythosewhohavespentmostoftheirassetscanqualifyforMedicaidtopayforthenursinghome.[F]Assistedlivingisanotheroption.Residentscanhavetheirownapartmenttomaintainsomeindependence.Butthefacilitiesgenerallyprovidepersonalcareservices,suchasmeals,housekeepingandassistancewithactivities.Still,it’snotcheap:Thenationalmediancostinwas$39,135,accordingtoGenworth.Assistedlivingisn’tcoveredbyMedicaid.[G]Iftheyhaveachoice,atleast90%ofelderlyparentsprefertostayathomeaslongastheycan,accordingtoAARPresearch.Butiftheparentscannolongersafelyliveathome,itcanbehardforchildrentomovethemintoanadultcarefacility.Theremaybeanotheroption.Sometimesthehomecanbemodifiedsoaparentcanstaythere.Forexample,Baldocchiputinachairliftforhermother.Shealsoarrangedforahomecaregiver.[H]Familycaregiverstakeovermanyresponsibilities.Onemightmanageaparent’sfinances,whileanothersiblingwilltaketheparenttodoctors"appointmentsandshopping.Thosewhomoveinwithaparenttakeonasignificantandsustainedburdenofcare.JanWalkermovedintohermother’shomeinLeesburg,Fla.Afterhermother,whois83,hadfallen,shewasn’tabletogetaroundaswell.Walker,55,hasthreebrothers.Butsheistheonlydaughter,isdivorcedandhasnochildren.“IalwaysknewthatthiswastherolethatIwouldhave,andIguessmymindwaspreparedforit,”saysWalker,whonowisafull-timecaregiverandworksfromhomeasatutorialinstructorforadigitalscrapbookingwebsite.“Whenyougetintothetrenches,it’sliterallybaptismbyfire,”shesays.“Newthingscomeup.It’snotjustaboutadvanceplanningforfinancesormedicalcare.It’severything,”shesays.[I]Caregiversneedtoalsowatchtheirownhealth.“Thereissuchathingascaregiverburnout,”Conasays.Amongfemalecaregivers50andolder,20%reportedsymptomsofdepression,accordingtoastudyonworkingcaregiversbyMetLife.“It’sahardjob,”Walkersays.“Butmostworthwhilethingsarehard.ShewasalwaysthereformewhenIneededahelpinghand.It’sonlynaturalthatIbehereforhernow.”46.Whenelderlyparentscannotliveathomesafely,theirchildrencanchangetheirhomeinsteadofsendingthemtoanadultcarefacility.47.Totalkaboutlong-termcareisnoteasybecausesometimesagedparentsaresuspiciousoftheirchildren’sfinancialmotives.48.Besidesadvanceplanningforfinancesormedicalcare,familycaregiverstakeovermanyotherresponsibilities.49.Thedifferencebetweenadurablepowerofattorneyandahealthcareproxyisthatthelatterallowssomeonetomakedecisionsregardingmedicaltreatment.350.Baldocchididnotwanttosendhermothertoanursinghome,butshehaddifficultytakingcareofher.51.Over42millioncaregivershelpedanadultwitheverydayactivitiesintheUSAin.52.Ifafamilyneedsinformationorhelptosortoutdisagreements,therearemanypeopletheycancallon.53.Caregiversshouldpayattentiontotheirownhealth,ortheymayburnoutorbecomedepressed.54.Onewillhavetopetitionthecourttobetheparent’slegalguardian,ifthereisnoadvancedirective.55.Thenationalmediancostofassistedlivinginwas$39,135anditisnotcoveredbyMedicaid.SectionB46.[G]。題干意為，當(dāng)上了年紀(jì)父母住在家里不安全時(shí)，他們孩子能夠改變他們家，而不是將他們送到成人看護(hù)中心去。注意抓住題干中關(guān)鍵詞liveathomesafely和adultcarefacility。文章段落中，[G]段提到了上了年紀(jì)父母住在家里不安全和成人看護(hù)中心內(nèi)容，該段第二至四句提到，假如上了年紀(jì)父母住在家里不再安全，對(duì)于孩子來(lái)說(shuō)將他們送到成人看護(hù)中心也極難，不過(guò)有另外一個(gè)選擇——能夠改變他們家以適合他們?cè)谀抢锒冗^(guò)晚年。由此可知，題干是對(duì)原文同義轉(zhuǎn)述，故答案為[G]。47.[D]。題干意為，談?wù)撻L(zhǎng)久護(hù)理問(wèn)題并不輕易，因?yàn)橛袝r(shí)老年人會(huì)懷疑自己孩子有金錢(qián)方面動(dòng)機(jī)。注意抓住題干中關(guān)鍵詞talkaboutlong-termcare、suspiciousof和financialmotives。文章段落中，[D]段提到了談?wù)撻L(zhǎng)久護(hù)理和老年人會(huì)懷疑自己孩子內(nèi)容，該段前三句指出，家庭組員談?wù)撻L(zhǎng)久護(hù)理問(wèn)題是很主要，這么才能了解父母喜好和意愿等，不過(guò)這并不輕易，有時(shí)候父母會(huì)懷疑兒女有金錢(qián)方面動(dòng)機(jī)。由此可知，題干是對(duì)原文同義轉(zhuǎn)述，故答案為[D]。48.[H]。題干意為，除了提前進(jìn)行資金和醫(yī)療方面規(guī)劃，家庭護(hù)理人員還有其余許多責(zé)任。注意抓住題干中關(guān)鍵詞planningforfinancesormedicalcare和manyotherresponsibilities。文章段落中，[H]段首先就提到了家庭護(hù)理人員要負(fù)擔(dān)許多責(zé)任，該4段最終指出，家庭護(hù)理不但僅要提前做好資金和醫(yī)療規(guī)劃，一切問(wèn)題都要考慮到。由此可知，題干是對(duì)原文同義轉(zhuǎn)述，故答案為[H]。49.[C]。題干意為，永久授權(quán)書(shū)和醫(yī)療保健代理委托書(shū)區(qū)分在于，后者允許某人做出關(guān)于醫(yī)療方面決定。注意抓住題干中關(guān)鍵詞adurablepowerofattorney和ahealthcareproxy。文章段落中，只有[C]段提到了這兩個(gè)專(zhuān)有名詞，該段第二句指出，護(hù)理指示應(yīng)該包含adurablepowerofattorney、ahealthcareproxy和alivingwill。在介紹healthcareproxy時(shí)提到，它與durablepowerofattorney相同，只是它允許某人做出關(guān)于醫(yī)?療方面決定。由此可知，題干是對(duì)原文同義轉(zhuǎn)述，故答案為[C]。50.[A]。題干意為，Baldocchi不想將母親送到療養(yǎng)院，不過(guò)她又極難照料她。注意抓住題干中關(guān)鍵詞Baldocchi和nursinghome。文章段落中，有幾段都提到了Baldocchi,不過(guò)提到她不想將母親送往療養(yǎng)院但自己照料母親又有困難只有[A]段。題干內(nèi)容是對(duì)原文第一段總結(jié)，故答案為[A]。51.[B]。題干意為，，美國(guó)有超出4200萬(wàn)護(hù)理人員幫忙照料成年人日常生活。題干中關(guān)鍵詞為Over42millioncaregivers和helpanadultwitheverydayactivities。文章段落中，[B]段倒數(shù)第三句提到了Morethan42millionAmericansprovidefamilycaregivingforanadultwhoneedshelpwithdailyactivities,其中Morethan42million和dailyactivities分別與題干中Over42million和everydayactivities為同義交換。故答案為[B]。52.[D]。題干意為，假如一個(gè)家庭需要處理糾紛信息或幫助，他們能夠向很多人求援。注意抓住題干中關(guān)鍵詞sortoutdisagreements和callon。文章段落中，[D]段倒數(shù)第二句提到，假如一些家庭需要處理糾紛信息或者幫助，他們能夠向老年法律師、金融規(guī)劃師、老年人護(hù)理經(jīng)理和護(hù)理人員組織求援。由此可知，題干是對(duì)原文同義轉(zhuǎn)述，故答案為[D]。53.[I]。題干意為，家庭護(hù)理人員應(yīng)該注意自己身體健康，不然他們可能會(huì)累垮或者變得心情抑郁。注意抓住題干中關(guān)鍵詞theirownhealth、burnout和depressed。文章段落中，提到要護(hù)理人員注意自己身體是[I]段，該段前三句指出，家庭護(hù)理人員也要注意自己身體，有時(shí)候護(hù)理者可能會(huì)累垮。對(duì)年紀(jì)在50歲及以上女性護(hù)理人員調(diào)查顯示，有20%人稱(chēng)自己有抑郁癥狀。由此可知，題干是對(duì)原文這三句話(huà)同義轉(zhuǎn)述，故答案為[I]。題干中payattentiontotheirownhealth和原文中watchtheirownhealth對(duì)應(yīng)。54.[C]。題干意為，假如沒(méi)有提前準(zhǔn)備一份護(hù)理說(shuō)明，那么想成為父母正當(dāng)監(jiān)護(hù)人需要向法庭申請(qǐng)。注意抓住題干中關(guān)鍵詞petitionthecourt、parent’slegal5guardian和noadvancedirective。本題比較簡(jiǎn)單，這幾個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞均在文章[C]段中直接出現(xiàn)，該段最終一句提到，Withoutanadvancedirective,thefamilywillhavetopetitionthecourttobeappointedtheparent’slegalguardian。由此可知，題干是對(duì)原文同義轉(zhuǎn)述，故答案為[C]。55.[F]。題干意為，，全國(guó)生活幫助平均花費(fèi)為39，135美元，而且這項(xiàng)花費(fèi)也不在醫(yī)療補(bǔ)助計(jì)劃范圍之內(nèi)。注意抓住題干中關(guān)鍵詞、$39，135和Medicaid。本題也比較輕易，掃讀全文，能夠發(fā)覺(jué)在[F]段出現(xiàn)了和$39，135這兩個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞，而且后面也提到生活幫助并不包含在醫(yī)療補(bǔ)助計(jì)劃之內(nèi)。由此可知，題干是對(duì)原文同義轉(zhuǎn)述，故答案為[F]。練習(xí)2PartⅢReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionB(原快速閱讀了解調(diào)整為長(zhǎng)篇閱讀了解，篇章長(zhǎng)度和難度不變。篇章后附有10個(gè)句子，每句一題。每句所含信息出自篇章某一段落，要求考生找出與每句所含信息相匹配段落。有段落可能對(duì)應(yīng)兩題，有段落可能不對(duì)應(yīng)任何一題。)Directions:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.BeautyandBodyImageintheMedia[A]Imagesoffemalebodiesareeverywhere.Women—andtheirbodyparts—selleverythingfromfoodtocars.Popularfilmandtelevisionactressesarebecomingyounger,tallerandthinner.Somehaveevenbeenknowntofaintonthesetfromlackoffood.Women’smagazinesarefullofarticlesurgingthatiftheycanjustlosethoselasttwentypounds,they’llhaveitall—theperfectmarriage,lovingchildren,greatsex,andarewardingcareer.[B]Whyarestandardsofbeautybeingimposedonwomen,themajorityofwhomarenaturallylargerandmorematurethananyofthemodels?Theroots,someanalystssay,areeconomic.Bypresentinganidealdifficulttoachieveandmaintain,thecosmeticanddietproductindustriesareassuredofgrowthandprofits.Andit’s6noaccidentthatyouthisincreasinglypromoted,alongwiththinness,asanessentialcriterionofbeauty.Ifnotallwomenneedtoloseweight,forsurethey’reallaging,saystheQuebecActionNetworkforWomen’sHealthinitsreport.And,accordingtotheindustry,ageisadisasterthatneedstobedealtwith.[C]Thestakesarehuge.Ontheonehand,womenwhoareinsecureabouttheirbodiesaremorelikelytobuybeautyproducts,newclothes,anddietaids.Itisestimatedthatthedietindustryaloneisworthanywherebetween40to100billion(U.S.)ayearsellingtemporaryweightloss(90%to95%ofdietersregainthelostweight).Ontheotherhand,researchindicatesthatexposuretoimagesofthin,young,air-brushedfemalebodiesislinkedtodepression,lossofself-esteemandthedevelopmentofunhealthyeatinghabitsinwomenandgirls.[D]TheAmericanresearchgroupAnorexiaNervosa&RelatedEatingDisorders,Inc.saysthatoneoutofeveryfourcollege-agedwomenusesunhealthymethodsofweightcontrol—includingfasting,skippingmeals,excessiveexercise,laxative(瀉藥)abuse,andself-inducedvomiting.Thepressuretobethinisalsoaffectingyounggirls:theCanadianWomen’sHealthNetworkwarnsthatweightcontrolmeasuresarenowbeingtakenbygirlsasyoungas5and6.Americanstatisticsaresimilar.Severalstudies,suchasoneconductedbyMarikaTiggemannandLevinaClarkintitled“AppearanceCulturein9-to12-Year-OldGirls:MediaandPeerInfluencesonBodyDissatisfaction,”indicatethatnearlyhalfofallpreadolescentgirlswishtobethinner,andasaresulthaveengagedinadietorareawareoftheconceptofdieting.In,Teenmagazinereportedthat35percentofgirls6to12yearsoldhavebeenonatleastonediet,andthat50to70percentofnormalweightgirlsbelievetheyareoverweight.Overallresearchindicatesthat90%ofwomenaredissatisfiedwiththeirappearanceinsomeway.MediaactivistJeanKilbourneconcludesthat,“Womenaresoldtothedietindustrybythemagazineswereadandthetelevisionprogramswewatch,almostallofwhichmakeusfeelanxiousaboutourweight.”[E]Perhapsthemostdisturbingisthefactthatmediaimagesoffemalebeautyareunattainableforallbutaverysmallnumberofwomen.ResearchersgeneratingacomputermodelofawomanwithBarbie-dollproportions,forexample,foundthatherbackwouldbetooweaktosupporttheweightofherupperbody,andherbodywouldbetoonarrowtocontainmorethanhalfaliverandafewcentimetersofbowel.Arealwomanbuiltthatwaywouldsufferfromchronicdiarrhea(慢性腹瀉)andeventuallydiefrommalnutrition.JillBarad,PresidentofMattel(whichmanufacturesBarbie),estimatedthat99%ofgirlsaged3to10yearsoldownatleastoneBarbiedoll.Still,thenumberofreallifewomenandgirlswhoseekasimilarlyunderweightbodyisepidemic,andtheycansufferequallydevastatinghealthconsequences.Initwasestimatedthatupto450,000Canadianwomenwereaffectedbyaneatingdisorder.[F]Researchersreportthatwomen’smagazineshavetenandone-halftimesmoreadsandarticlespromotingweightlossthanmen’smagazinesdo,andoverthree-quartersofthecoversofwomen’smagazinesincludeatleastonemessageabouthowtochangeawoman’sbodilyappearance—bydiet,exerciseorcosmeticsurgery.Televisionandmoviesreinforcetheimportanceofathinbodyasameasureofawoman’sworth.CanadianresearcherGregoryFoutsreportsthatoverthree-quartersofthefemalecharactersinTVsituationcomediesareunderweight,andonlyoneintwentyareaboveaverageinsize.Heavieractressestendtoreceivenegativecommentsfrommalecharactersabouttheirbodies(“Howaboutwearingasack?，，)，and80percentofthesenegativecommentsarefollowedbycannedaudiencelaughter.[G]Therehavebeeneffortsinthemagazineindustrytobuck(才氐制，反抗)thetrend.ForseveralyearstheQuebecmagazineCoupdePoucehasconsistentlyincludedfull-sizedwomenintheirfashionpagesandChatelainehaspledgednottotouchupphotosandnottoincludemodelslessthan25yearsofage.InMadrid,oneoftheworld’sbiggestfashioncapitals,ultra-thinmodelswerebannedfromtherunwayin.FurthermoreSpainhasrecentlyundergoneaprojectwiththeaimtostandardizeclothingsizesthroughusingauniqueprocessinwhichalaserbeamisusedtomeasurereallifewomen’sbodiesinordertofindthemosttruetolifemeasurement.[H]Anotherissueistherepresentationofethnicallydiversewomeninthemedia.AstudyconductedbyJuanitaCovertandTravisDixontitled“AChangingView:RepresentationandEffectsofthePortrayalofWomenofColorinMainstreamWomen’sMagazines”foundthatalthoughtherewasanincreaseintherepresentationofwomenofcolour,overallwhitewomenwereoverrepresentedinmainstreamwomen’smagazinesfrom1999to.[I]Thebarrageofmessagesaboutthinness,dietingandbeautytells“ordinary”womenthattheyarealwaysinneedofadjustment—andthatthefemalebodyisanobjecttobeperfected.JeanKilbournearguesthattheoverwhelmingpresenceofmediaimagesofpainfullythinwomenmeansthatrealwomen’sbodieshavebecomeinvisibleinthemassmedia.Therealtragedy,Kilbourneconcludes,isthatmanywomeninternalizethesestereotypes,andjudgethemselvesbythebeautyindustry’sstandards.Womenlearntocomparethemselvestootherwomen,andtocompetewiththemformaleattention.Thisfocusonbeautyanddesirability“effectivelydestroysanyawarenessandactionthatmighthelptochangethatclimate.”46.AreportinTeenmagazineshowedthat50%to70%girlswithnormalweightthinkthattheyneedtoloseweight.47.Onthewhole,for6yearswhitewomenhadbeenoccupyingmuchmorespaceinmainstreamwomen’smagazinessince1999.48.Somenegativeeffectssuchasdepressionandunhealthyeatinghabitsinfemalesarerelatedtotheirbeingexposedtoimagesofthinandyoungfemalebodies.49.Themassmediahashelpedboostthecosmeticandthedietindustries.50.Itisreportedthatthereisatleastonemessageaboutthemethodsforwomentochangetheirbodilyappearanceonmorethanthree-quartersofthecoversofwomen’smagazines.51.Somefilmandtelevisionactressesevenfaintonthesceneduetoeatingtoolittle.52.Toomuchconcernwithappearancemakesitimpossibletochangesuchabnormaltrend.53.ResearchersfoundthatarealwomanwithBarbie-dollproportionswouldeventuallydiefrommalnutrition.54.TheQuebecmagazineCoup(ePouceresiststhetrendbyconsistentlyincludingfull-sizedwomenintheirfashionpagesforseveralyears.55.Accordingtosomeanalysts,thefundamentalreasonofimposingstandardsofbeautyonwomeniseconomicprofits.PartⅢReadingComprehensionSectionB46.[D]題干意為，《青少年》雜志上一項(xiàng)報(bào)道稱(chēng)，有50%到70%體重正常女孩認(rèn)為自己需要減肥。注意抓住題干中關(guān)鍵詞magazine、50%to70%和normalweight。文章段落中，《青少年》雜志以及百分比50%到70%內(nèi)容在[D]段出現(xiàn)，該段倒數(shù)第二句提到，《青少年》雜志報(bào)道稱(chēng)，在6~12歲女孩當(dāng)中，有35%人最少進(jìn)行過(guò)一次減肥，有50%~70%體重正常女孩認(rèn)為自己超重。由此可知，題干是對(duì)該句部分內(nèi)容同義轉(zhuǎn)述，故答案為[D]。題干中needtoloseweight與原文中isoverweight對(duì)應(yīng)。47.[H]。題干意為，總體而言，1999年以來(lái)白人女性連續(xù)六年占據(jù)了主流女性雜志多數(shù)篇幅。注意抓住題干中關(guān)鍵詞for6years、whitewomen和occupyingmuchmorespace。文章段落中，提及白人女性在主流女性雜志所占百分比內(nèi)容在[H]段出現(xiàn)，該段最終一句提到，該研究發(fā)覺(jué)，即使1999~間雜志中出現(xiàn)有色人種女性形象在數(shù)量上有所增加，不過(guò)從整體來(lái)看，白人女性還是占據(jù)了主流女性雜志多數(shù)篇幅。由此可知，題干是對(duì)原文同義轉(zhuǎn)述，故答案為[H]。題干中occupyingmuchmorespace對(duì)應(yīng)原文中overrepresented。48.[C]。題干意為，女性身上存在一些諸如抑郁和不健康飲食習(xí)慣負(fù)面影響與接觸年輕苗條女性形象關(guān)于。注意抓住題干中關(guān)鍵詞depressionandunhealthyeatinghabits、beingexposedto和thinandyoungbodies。文章段落中，[C]段提到了抑郁、不健康飲食習(xí)慣以及接觸年輕苗條女性形象內(nèi)容，該段最后一句提到，另首先，研究表明，接觸這種年輕苗條、妝容漂亮女性形象與女性抑郁、缺乏自信和不健康飲食習(xí)慣關(guān)于。由此可知，題干是對(duì)原文同義轉(zhuǎn)述，故答案為[C]。題干中arerelatedto對(duì)應(yīng)原文中islinkedto，beingexposedto對(duì)應(yīng)原文中exposureto。49.[B]。題干意為，大眾媒體幫助促進(jìn)了化裝品和減肥產(chǎn)品行業(yè)發(fā)展。注意抓住題干中關(guān)鍵詞boosted和thecosmeticandthedietindustries。文章段落中，只有[B]段提到了化裝品和減肥產(chǎn)品行業(yè)發(fā)展，該段最后一句提到，經(jīng)過(guò)展現(xiàn)一個(gè)難以達(dá)成和保持理想身材，化裝品和減肥產(chǎn)品行業(yè)必定能夠得到發(fā)展并獲得利潤(rùn)，而其展現(xiàn)方式就是經(jīng)過(guò)大眾媒體。由此可知，題干是對(duì)原文同義轉(zhuǎn)述，故答案為[B]。50.[F]。題干意為，報(bào)道稱(chēng)超出四分之三女性雜志封面最少包含了一條關(guān)于怎樣改變女性身材方法。注意抓住題干中關(guān)鍵詞atleastonemessage和morethanthree-quarters。文章段落中，提到女性雜志封面提供怎樣改變女性身材內(nèi)容在[F]段出現(xiàn)，該段首句提到，研究人員公布說(shuō)，女性雜志上宣傳減肥廣告和文章所占比重比男性雜志高10.5倍，超出四分之三女性雜志封面最少包含了一條關(guān)于怎樣改變女性身材信息——諸如節(jié)食、運(yùn)動(dòng)或是整容手術(shù)。由此可知，題干對(duì)該句后半句內(nèi)容做了概括，故答案為[F]。題干中methodsforwomentochangetheirbodilyappearance是對(duì)原文中howtochangeawoman’sbodilyappearance—bydiet,exerciseorcosmeticsurgery洽勺相無(wú)才括。51.[A]。題干意為，甚至有些影視女演員因?yàn)槌缘锰俣谂臄z現(xiàn)場(chǎng)昏倒。注意抓住題干中關(guān)鍵詞filmandtelevisionactresses和faint。文章段落中，[A]段提到了女演員以及暈倒內(nèi)容，該段第三句提到，有些女演員甚至因?yàn)槌缘锰俣谂臄z現(xiàn)場(chǎng)昏倒。由此可見(jiàn)，題干對(duì)原文做了同義改寫(xiě)，故答案為[A]。題干中duetoeatingtoolittle和原文中fromlackoffood對(duì)應(yīng)。52.[I]。題干意為，對(duì)外表過(guò)分關(guān)注使得改變這種不正常風(fēng)氣變得不可能。注意抓住題干中關(guān)鍵詞toomuchconcern和changesuchabnormaltrend。文章段落中，提及對(duì)外表過(guò)分關(guān)注內(nèi)容在[I]段出現(xiàn)，該段最終一句提到，這種對(duì)于漂亮和性感關(guān)注“實(shí)際上摧毀了任何可能有利于改變這種風(fēng)氣意識(shí)和行動(dòng)”。由此可知，題干是對(duì)原文同義轉(zhuǎn)述，故答案為[I]。題干中toomuchconcernonappearance對(duì)應(yīng)原文中focusonbeautyanddesirability。53.[E]。題干意為，研究人員發(fā)覺(jué)假如一個(gè)女人身材百分比和芭比娃娃一樣，那么她最終會(huì)死于營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良。注意抓住題干中關(guān)鍵詞Barbie-dollproportions和diefrommalnutrition。文章段落中，只有[E]段提到了芭比娃娃，該段第三句提到，假如一個(gè)女人身材真是那樣(有著芭比娃娃身材百分比)話(huà)，她將會(huì)患上慢性腹瀉并最終死于營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良。由此可知，題干對(duì)原文做了同義改寫(xiě)，故答案為[E]。54.[G]。題干意為，幾年來(lái)魁北克雜志堅(jiān)持在其時(shí)尚頁(yè)面上發(fā)表正常身材女性形象，以抵制這種時(shí)尚。注意抓住題干中關(guān)鍵詞TheQuebecmagazineCoupde和consistentlyincludingfUll-sizedwomen。文章段落中，提及魁北克雜志Coupde)ou(e堅(jiān)持發(fā)表正常身材女性形象內(nèi)容在[G]段出現(xiàn)，該段前兩句提到，雜志業(yè)有些人正在努力抵制這種時(shí)尚。幾年來(lái)魁北克雜志Coupde)ou(e堅(jiān)持在其時(shí)尚頁(yè)面上發(fā)表正常身材女性形象。由此可知，題干是對(duì)原文同義轉(zhuǎn)述，故答案為[G]。題干中resists對(duì)應(yīng)原文中buck(抵制，反抗)。55.[B]。題干意為，依照一些分析家觀點(diǎn)，將漂亮標(biāo)準(zhǔn)強(qiáng)加到女性身上根本原因是經(jīng)濟(jì)利益。注意抓住題干中關(guān)鍵詞fundamentalreason、standardsofbeauty和economicprofits。文章段落中，論及將漂亮標(biāo)準(zhǔn)強(qiáng)加到女性身上根本原因內(nèi)容在[B]段出現(xiàn)，該段前兩句提到，為何會(huì)把漂亮標(biāo)準(zhǔn)強(qiáng)加到女性身上，而大多數(shù)女性生來(lái)就比模特要胖要成熟?一些分析家認(rèn)為，根源在于經(jīng)濟(jì)利益。由此可知，題干是對(duì)原文同義轉(zhuǎn)述，故答案為[B]。題干中fundamentalreason和原文中roots對(duì)應(yīng)。A:PizzaHutwasstartedin1958,bytwobrothersinWichita,Kansas.FrankandDanCarneyhadtheideatoopenapizzaparlor.Theyborrowed$600fromtheirmother,andopenedtheveryfirstPizzaHut.In1959,thefirstfranchiseunitopenedinTopeka,Kansas.Almostadecadelater,PizzaHutwouldbeservingonemillioncustomersaweekintheir310locations.In1970,PizzaHutwasputontheNewYorkStockExchangeunderthetickersymbolPIZ.B:In1986,PizzaHutintroduceddeliveryservice,somethingnootherrestaurantwasdoing.Bythe1990'sPizzaHutsaleshadreached$4billionworldwide.In1998,PizzaHutcelebratedtheir40thanniversary,andlaunchedtheirfamouscampaign"TheBestPizzasUnderOneRoof."In1996,PizzaHutsalesintheUnitedStateswereover$5million.Outofalltheexistingpizzachains,PizzaHuthadthelargestmarketshare,46.4%.However,PizzaHut'smarketsharehasslowlyerodedbecauseofintensecompetitionfromtheirrivalsDomino's,LittleCaesar'sandnewcomerPapaJohn's.Homedeliverywasadrivingforceforsuccess,especiallyforPizzaHutandDomino's.C:However,thisforcedcompetitorstolookfornewmethodsofincreasingtheircustomerbases.Manypizzachainsdecidedtodiversifyandoffernewnon-pizzaitemssuchasbuffalowings,andItaliancheesebread.Thecurrenttrendinpizzachainstodayisthesame.Theyalltrytocomeupwithsomenewer,bigger,better,pizzaforalowprice.Offeringspecialpromotionsandnewpizzavariationsarepopulartodayaswell.Forexample,chickenisnowacommontoppingfoundonpizzas.D:Inthepast,PizzaHuthasalwayshadthefirstmoveradvantage.Theirmarketingstrategyinthepasthasalwaysbeentobefirst.Oneoftheirmainstrategiesthattheystillfollowtodayisthediversificationoftheproductstheyoffer.PizzaHutisalwaysaddingsomethingnewtotheirmenu,tryingtoreachnewmarkets.Forexample,in1992thefamousbuffetwaslaunchedinPizzaHutrestaurantsworldwide.Theyweretryingtooffermanydifferentfooditemsforcustomerswhodidn'tnecessarilywantpizza.E:Anotherstrategytheyusedinthepastandarestillusingisthediversificationoftheirpizzas.PizzaHutisalwaystryingtocomeupwithsomeinnovativewaytomakeapizzaintosomethingslightlydifferent-differentenoughthatcustomerswillthinkit’sawholenewproduct.Forexample,let'slookatsomeofthepizzasPizzaHuthasmarketedinthepast.In1983,PizzaHutintroducedtheirPanPizza,whichhadaguaranteeofbeingreadytoeatin5minuteswhendiningatPizzaHutrestaurants.In1993,theyintroducedthe"BigFoot,"whichwastwosquarefeetofpizzacutinto21slices.In1995,theyintroduced"StuffedCrustPizza,"wherethecrustwouldbefilledwithcheese.In1997,theymarketed"TheEdge,"whichhadcheeseandtoppingsallthewaytotheedgeofthepizza.Currently,theyaremarketing"TheBigNewYorker,"tryingtobringthefamousNewYorkstylepizzatothewholecountry.F:AnotheropportunitythatPizzaHuthasistheirneworderingonlinesystem.AnyonewithInternetaccesscanorderwhatevertheywishandgetitdeliveredtotheirhousewithoutevenspeakingtosomeone.Thisprogramhasjustbeenstarted,sowedonothaveanynumberstosupportwhetherornotitwillbeasuccess.G:Lastly,PizzaHuthasalwaysvaluedcustomerserviceandsatisfaction.In1995,PizzaHutbegantwocustomersatisfactionprograms:a1-800numbercustomerhotline,andacustomercall-backprogram.Thesewereimplementedtomakesuretheircustomerswerehappy,andalwayswantedtoreturn.Inourplan,wewillfirstgiveasituationanalysisofcurrentandrelevantenvironmentalconditionsthataffectourplan.Next,wewillgiveabriefanalysisofthecurrentfastfoodindustry,andanytrendsorchangesthatmightoccurinthefuture.H:However,thefactthatPizzaHutdoeshavearestauranttorunisalsoaweakness.PizzaHuthashigheroverheadcosts,duetotherestaurantthatothercompetitorsdon'thavetodealwith.AnotherresultofhigheroverheadcostsishigherpricesPizzaHutmustcharge.Obviously,PizzaHutisnotthelowcostproducer.Theyrelyontheirqualitypizzaandgoodservicetoaccountfortheirhigherprices.I:AnindirectweaknessthatPizzaHuthasisthattheyhavelostalotoftheircustomersandmarketshareduetosuchintensecompetitionwithcompetitors.PizzaHut'sopportunitiesarealmostendless.Theycanincreaserevenuewiththeirnewinnovativepizzas,andincreasebrandloyaltywithgoodcustomerservice.J:PizzaHut'snumberonethreatsarefromtheircompetitors.Currently,theirclosestcompetitorisDomino'sPizza.Domino'smaincompetitiveadvantageoverPizzaHutistheirprice.ItisgenerallylowerthanPizzaHut.Also,Domino'swasveryprofitablewhentheyranthepromotionaldealofdeliveringapizzawithin30minutes.However,manylawsuitshavebeenfiledagainstDomino'sinthepastforrecklessdrivingbytheirdrivers,soDomino'swithdrewthepromotion.LittleCaesar'sisanotheroneofPizzaHut'scompetitors,rightbehindDomino'sinmarketshare.LittleCaesar'sisfamousforofferinglargequantitiesofpizzaforlessmoney.OthercompetitorsincludePapaJohn's,Sbarro,andPizzaInn.K:Aproblemfacingallofthepizzachainsisthateachoftheirindividualcompetitiveadvantagesareprettymucheveryone'scompetitiveadvantages.Mostifnotallthetoppizzachainsofferfreedelivery,andalwayshavesomesortofpromotionaldealofferinglargepizzasatreducedprices.Othercompetitorstotakeintoconsiderationarefrozenpizzasandmake-it-yourselfpizzasthatarepurchasedingrocerystores.SomeexamplesoftheseareTombstonePizzas,Boboli,andDi'Gorniopizzas.1.PizzaHutexpandeditsbusinessintomanypartsofthecountrybythetimeof1969.