非謂語動(dòng)詞-動(dòng)名詞知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)

非謂語動(dòng)詞(theNon-FiniteVerbs)---動(dòng)名詞非謂語動(dòng)詞是指在句子中不充當(dāng)謂語的動(dòng)詞，主要包括不定式、動(dòng)名詞和分詞(現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞)，即動(dòng)詞的非謂語形式。非謂語動(dòng)詞除了不能獨(dú)立作謂語外，可以承擔(dān)句子的其他成分。動(dòng)名詞既具有動(dòng)詞的一些特征，又具有名詞的句法功能。Ⅰ、動(dòng)名詞的形式：一般式(謂語動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生)doingbeingdone完成式(謂語動(dòng)詞發(fā)生之前)havingdonehavingbeendone否定式:not+動(dòng)名詞一般式:Seeingisbelieving.眼見為實(shí)。被動(dòng)式:Hecametothepartywithoutbeinginvited.他未被邀請就來到了晚會(huì)。完成式:Werememberedhavingseenthefilm.我們記得看過這部電影。完成被動(dòng)式:HeforgothavingbeentakentoGuangzhouwhenhewasfiveyearsold.他忘記五歲時(shí)曾被帶到廣州去過。否定式:not+動(dòng)名詞Iregretnotfollowinghisadvice.我后悔沒聽他的勸告。復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu):物主代詞(或名詞所有格)+動(dòng)名詞Hesuggestedourtryingitonceagain.他建議我們再試一次。HisnotknowingEnglishtroubledhimalot.他不懂英語給他帶來許多麻煩。Ⅱ、動(dòng)名詞的句法功能:一、作主語:Readingaloudisveryhelpful.朗讀是很有好處的。Collectingstampsisinteresting.集郵很有趣。當(dāng)動(dòng)名詞短語作主語時(shí)常用it作形式主語。It'snousequarreling.爭吵是沒用的。二、作表語:Intheantcity,thequeen'sjobislayingeggs.在螞蟻王國，蟻后的工作是產(chǎn)卵。作賓語:Theyhaven'tfinishedbuildingthedam.他們還沒有建好大壩。Wehavetopreventtheairfrombeingpolluted.我們必須阻止空氣被污染。注意動(dòng)名詞既可作動(dòng)詞賓語也可作介詞賓語，如上面兩個(gè)例句。此外，動(dòng)名詞作賓語時(shí)，若跟有賓語補(bǔ)足語，則常用形式賓語it，例如:Wefounditnogoodmakingfunofothers.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)取笑他人不好。要記住如下動(dòng)詞及短語只跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語:enjoy,finish,suggest,avoid(避免)，excuse,delay,imagine,keep,miss,consider,admit(承認(rèn))，deny(否認(rèn))，mind,permit,forbid,practise,risk(冒險(xiǎn))，appreciate(感激)，bebusy,beworth,feellike,can'tstand,can'thelp(情不自禁地)，thinkof,dreamof,befondof,prevent…(from),keep…from,stop…(from),protect…from,setabout,beengagedin,spend…(in),succeedin,beusedto,lookforwardto,objectto,payattentionto,insiston,feellike三、作定語:Hecan'twalkwithoutawalking-stick.他沒有拐杖不能走路。Isthereaswimmingpoolinyourschool?你們學(xué)校有游泳池嗎?四、作同位語:Thecave,hishiding-placeis