橡膠壩建設(shè)關(guān)鍵與規(guī)范模板

資料內(nèi)容僅供您學(xué)習(xí)參考，如有不當(dāng)或者侵權(quán)，請聯(lián)系改正或者刪除。1總則1.0.1為使橡膠壩工程建設(shè)和管理做到安全可靠、技術(shù)先進(jìn)、經(jīng)濟(jì)合理、確保質(zhì)量、使用方便、美化環(huán)境、合理開發(fā)利用水資源,特制定本規(guī)范。1.0.2本規(guī)范適用于壩高5m及其以下的袋式橡膠壩工程。壩高超過5m或特殊用途時應(yīng)進(jìn)行專門的技術(shù)論證和試驗研究。1.0.3橡膠壩工程的建設(shè)程序,應(yīng)按基本建設(shè)程序辦理;如規(guī)模較小,建設(shè)程序能夠簡化。1.0.4橡膠壩工程的建設(shè)和管理,除執(zhí)行本規(guī)范外,還應(yīng)符合現(xiàn)行有關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和規(guī)范的規(guī)定。2工程規(guī)劃2.1基本資料2.1.1應(yīng)搜集、整理、分析研究和掌握建壩地區(qū)的地形、氣象、水文、工程地質(zhì)、水文地質(zhì)、內(nèi)外交通、流域(或地區(qū))水利綜合利用規(guī)劃、社會經(jīng)濟(jì)和環(huán)境評價等基本資料。2.1.2地形資料應(yīng)包括工程規(guī)劃區(qū)域地形圖、壩址地形圖、回水區(qū)域地形圖、河道縱橫斷面圖等;測量范圍應(yīng)根據(jù)工程任務(wù)和規(guī)模確定,各種圖的比例尺應(yīng)符合有關(guān)規(guī)范要求。2.1.3水文氣象資料應(yīng)包括流域概況和河道特征、壩址河段的洪(枯)水流量、含沙量、冰情、水質(zhì)、漂浮物以及氣溫、降水、蒸發(fā)、濕度、風(fēng)力、風(fēng)向、日照、冰凍期、凍土深、潮汐等。2.1.4工程地質(zhì)和水文地質(zhì)資料,按《中小型水利水電工程地質(zhì)勘察規(guī)范》(SL55—93)要求進(jìn)行必要的地質(zhì)勘察工作,應(yīng)有壩址地質(zhì)縱橫斷面圖、地基和天然建筑材料的物理力學(xué)指標(biāo)、地下水位、比降、水質(zhì)等資料。2.1.5應(yīng)搜集有關(guān)橡膠壩袋生產(chǎn)廠家產(chǎn)品、規(guī)格以及已建橡膠壩工程資料。2.2壩址選擇2.2.1應(yīng)根據(jù)橡膠壩特點和運用要求。綜合考慮地形、地質(zhì)、水流、泥沙、環(huán)境影響等因素,經(jīng)過技術(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)比較后確定壩址。2.2.2壩址宜選在河段相對順直、水流流態(tài)平順及岸坡穩(wěn)定的河段;不宜選在沖刷和淤積變化大、斷面變化頻繁的河段。2.2.3壩址選擇應(yīng)考慮施工導(dǎo)流、交通運輸、供水供電、運行管理、壩袋檢修等條件。2.2.4壩址選擇應(yīng)有利于樞紐工程總體布置。重要工程應(yīng)有水工模型試驗論證。2.3工程規(guī)模及樞紐布置2.3.1工程規(guī)模應(yīng)根據(jù)水文水利計算研究確定。2.3.2工程布置宜包括土建、壩體、充排和安全觀測系統(tǒng)等。應(yīng)做到布局合理、結(jié)構(gòu)簡單、安全可靠、運行方便、造型美觀。壩軸線應(yīng)與壩址處河段水流方向相垂直。2.3.3壩長應(yīng)與河(渠)寬度相適應(yīng),坍壩時應(yīng)能滿足河道設(shè)計行洪要求,單跨壩長度應(yīng)滿足壩袋制造、運輸、安裝、檢修以及管理要求。2.3.4取水工程應(yīng)保證進(jìn)水口取水和防沙的可靠性。2.3.5壩袋設(shè)計高度應(yīng)根據(jù)工程規(guī)劃,滿足綜合用水要求確定。壩頂高程宜高于上游正常水位0.1～0.2m,壩頂泄洪能力可按附錄A計算。2.3.6壩底板尺寸布置應(yīng)包括壩底板高程、厚度及順?biāo)鞣较蛏蠈挾鹊取?壩底板高程應(yīng)根據(jù)地形、地質(zhì)、水位、流量、泥沙、施工及檢修條件等確定,宜比上游河床地形平均高程適當(dāng)提高0.2～0.4m。2壩底板厚度應(yīng)滿足充排水(氣)管路及錨固結(jié)構(gòu)布置要求。3順?biāo)鞣较虻膲蔚装鍖挾葢?yīng)按照壩袋坍平寬度以及安裝和檢修的要求確定。2.3.7防滲排水布置應(yīng)根據(jù)壩基地質(zhì)條件和壩上、下游水位差等因素,結(jié)合底板、消能和兩岸布置綜合考慮,構(gòu)成完整的防滲排水系統(tǒng)。承受雙向水頭的橡膠壩,其防滲排水布置應(yīng)以水位差較大的一方為控制條件,合理選擇雙向布置形式。擬定壩基防滲長度的方法可參照《水閘設(shè)計規(guī)范》進(jìn)行。2.3.8消能防沖設(shè)施的布置,應(yīng)根據(jù)地基情況、運行工況等因素確定。2.3.9壩袋與兩岸連接布置,應(yīng)使過壩水流平順。上、下游翼墻與岸墻兩端應(yīng)平順連接,其順?biāo)鞣较虻拈L度應(yīng)根據(jù)水流和地質(zhì)條件確定。邊墻頂高程應(yīng)根據(jù)校核洪水位加安全超高確定。2.3.10壩袋充排控制設(shè)備及安全觀測裝置均應(yīng)設(shè)在控制室內(nèi),控制室布置應(yīng)考慮運行管理方便,嚴(yán)寒或潮濕地區(qū)應(yīng)有防凍、防潮措施,2.3.11多跨橡膠壩之間應(yīng)設(shè)隔墩,墩高應(yīng)不小于壩頂溢流水頭,墩長應(yīng)大于壩袋工作狀態(tài)時的長度。2.3.12在枯水期流量較大河流上的橡膠壩工程,應(yīng)考慮檢修時的導(dǎo)流方式。2.4環(huán)境及經(jīng)濟(jì)評價2.4.1修建橡膠壩工程對生態(tài)環(huán)境和社會環(huán)境的影響應(yīng)參照《水利水電工程環(huán)境影響評價規(guī)范》的要求進(jìn)行必要的分析和評價,對不利影響提出防范措施。2.4.2橡膠壩工程建設(shè)應(yīng)按照《水利建設(shè)項目經(jīng)濟(jì)評價規(guī)范》(SL72—94)進(jìn)行經(jīng)濟(jì)效益分析,評價項目的經(jīng)濟(jì)合理性和財務(wù)可行性,3工程設(shè)計3.1壩袋3.1.1壩袋按充脹介質(zhì)可分為充水式、充氣式。應(yīng)按運用要求、工作條件經(jīng)技術(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)比較后確定。3.1.2壩體布置可采用單跨式或多跨式。3.1.3作用在壩袋上的主要設(shè)計荷載為壩袋外的靜水壓力和壩袋內(nèi)的充水(氣)壓力。3.1.4設(shè)計內(nèi)外壓比α值的選用應(yīng)經(jīng)技術(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)比較后確定。充水橡膠壩內(nèi)外壓比值宜選用1.25～1.60;充氣橡膠壩內(nèi)外壓比值宜選用0.75～1.10。3.1.5壩袋強度設(shè)計安全系數(shù)充水壩應(yīng)不小于6.0,充氣壩應(yīng)不小于8.0。3.1.6壩袋袋壁承受的徑向拉力應(yīng)根據(jù)薄膜理論按平面問題計算。壩袋袋壁強度、壩袋橫斷面形狀、尺寸及壩體充脹容積的計算,可按附錄B進(jìn)行。3.1.7壩袋膠布除必須滿足強度要求外,還應(yīng)具有耐老化、耐腐蝕、耐磨損、抗沖擊、抗屈撓、耐水、耐寒等性能。壩袋使用的膠布應(yīng)符合附錄C的技術(shù)要求。3.2錨固結(jié)構(gòu)3.2.1錨固結(jié)構(gòu)型式可分為螺栓壓板錨固、楔塊擠壓錨固以及膠囊充水錨固三種。應(yīng)根據(jù)工程規(guī)模、加工條件、耐久性、施工、維修等條件,經(jīng)過綜合經(jīng)濟(jì)比較后選用。錨固結(jié)構(gòu)可按附錄D計算。3.2.2錨固構(gòu)件必須滿足強度與耐久性的要求。3.2.3錨固線布置分單錨固線和雙錨固線兩種。采用岸墻錨固線布置的工程應(yīng)滿足坍壩時壩袋平整不阻水,充壩時壩袋格皺較少的要求。3.2.4對于重要的橡膠壩工程,應(yīng)做專門的錨固結(jié)構(gòu)試驗。3.3控制系統(tǒng)3.3.1壩袋的充脹與排放所需時間必須與工程的運用要求相適應(yīng)。3.3.2壩袋的充排有動力式和混合式。應(yīng)根據(jù)工程現(xiàn)場條件和使用要求等確定。3.3.3充水壩的充水水源應(yīng)水質(zhì)潔凈。3.3.4充徘系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計包括動力設(shè)備、管路、進(jìn)出水(氣)口裝置等。1動力設(shè)備的設(shè)計應(yīng)根據(jù)工程情況、運用管理的可靠性、操作方便等因素,經(jīng)濟(jì)合理地選用水泵或空壓機的容量及臺數(shù)。重要的橡膠壩工程應(yīng)配置備用動力設(shè)備。2管路設(shè)計應(yīng)與充、排水(氣)時間相適應(yīng),做到布置合理、運行可靠及維修方便,具有足夠的充排能力。3充水壩袋內(nèi)的克(排)水口宜設(shè)置兩個水帽,出口位置應(yīng)放在能排盡水(氣)的地方并在壩內(nèi)設(shè)置導(dǎo)水(氣)裝置。4寒冷地區(qū)管路埋設(shè)應(yīng)滿足防凍要求。3.4安全與觀測設(shè)備3.4.1安全設(shè)備設(shè)置應(yīng)滿足下列要求:1充水壩設(shè)置安全溢流設(shè)備和排氣閥,壩袋內(nèi)壓不超過設(shè)計值;排氣閥裝設(shè)在壩袋兩端頂部。2充氣壩設(shè)置安全閥、水封管或U形管等充氣壓力監(jiān)測設(shè)備。3對建在山區(qū)河道、溢流壩上或有突發(fā)洪水情況出現(xiàn)的充水式橡膠壩,宜設(shè)自動坍壩裝置。3.4.2觀測裝置設(shè)置宜滿足下列要求:1橡膠壩上、下游水位觀測,設(shè)置連通管或水位標(biāo)尺,必要時亦可采用水位傳感器。2壩袋內(nèi)壓力觀測設(shè)置,充水壩采用壩內(nèi)連通管;充氣壩安裝壓力表,對重要工程應(yīng)安裝自動監(jiān)測設(shè)備。3土建工程觀測設(shè)計可參照《水閘設(shè)計規(guī)范》的規(guī)定進(jìn)行。3.5土建工程3.5.1橡膠壩土建工程應(yīng)包括基礎(chǔ)底板、邊墩(岸墻)、中墩(多跨式)、上下游翼墻、上下游護(hù)坡、上游防滲鋪蓋或截滲墻、下游消力池、海漫等。3.5.2土建工程設(shè)計,應(yīng)根據(jù)壩的設(shè)計條件,使建筑物滿足強度、防滲及地基穩(wěn)定的要求。3.5.3作用在橡膠壩上的設(shè)計荷載可分為基本荷載和特殊荷載兩類。1基本荷載:結(jié)構(gòu)自重、水重、正常擋水位或壩頂溢流水位時的靜水壓力、揚壓力(包括浮托力和滲透壓力)、土壓力、泥沙壓力等2特殊荷載:地震荷載及溫度荷載等。3.5.4壩底板、岸墻(中墩)應(yīng)根據(jù)地基條件、壩高及上、下游水位差等確定其地下輪廓尺寸。其應(yīng)力分析應(yīng)根據(jù)不同的地基條件,參照其它規(guī)范進(jìn)行計算;穩(wěn)定計算可只作防滲、抗滑動計算。3.5.5橡膠壩應(yīng)盡量建在天然地基上;對建在較弱地基上的橡膠壩應(yīng)進(jìn)行基礎(chǔ)處理。3.5.6上、下游護(hù)坡工程應(yīng)根據(jù)河岸土質(zhì)及水流流態(tài)分別驗算邊坡穩(wěn)定及抗沖能力。護(hù)坡長度應(yīng)大于河底防護(hù)的范圍。3.5.7消力池(護(hù)坦)、海漫、鋪蓋除應(yīng)滿足消能防沖外,還應(yīng)考慮減輕和防止壩袋振動。對經(jīng)常溢流的橡膠壩工程,宜設(shè)陡坡段與下游消力池(護(hù)坦)銜接。應(yīng)根據(jù)運用條件選擇最不利的水位和流量組合進(jìn)行消能防沖計算。3.5.8充氣橡膠壩的消能防沖計算,應(yīng)考慮坍壩時壩袋出現(xiàn)凹口引起單寬流量增大的因素。3.5.9控制室應(yīng)滿足機電設(shè)備布置和操作運行及管理需要,室內(nèi)地面高程應(yīng)高于校核洪水位。地下泵房應(yīng)作防滲、防潮處理。3.5.10在已建攔河壩頂或溢洪道上加建橡膠壩時,應(yīng)對原工程抬高水位后進(jìn)行穩(wěn)定及應(yīng)力校核,并應(yīng)考慮上游淹沒影響和不得降低原有防洪標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。3.5.11采用堵頭式錨固的橡膠壩應(yīng)采取有效措施防止端部坍肩。4施工安裝4.1一般規(guī)定4.1.1橡膠壩工程建設(shè)應(yīng)按有關(guān)水利基建規(guī)定和程序,作好招標(biāo)、投標(biāo)、建設(shè)監(jiān)理等工作。4.1.2施工前應(yīng)根據(jù)批準(zhǔn)的設(shè)計文件(包括施工組織設(shè)計和工程概算)和有關(guān)規(guī)范,編制詳細(xì)的施工計劃,做到技術(shù)先進(jìn)和經(jīng)濟(jì)合理,確保施工進(jìn)度和工程質(zhì)量。4.1.3施工場地布置應(yīng)做到合理布局,施工方便,確保安全,力求節(jié)約。4.1.4橡膠壩袋必須進(jìn)行專門的質(zhì)量檢驗。4.1.5壩袋安裝必須保證對充脹介質(zhì)的密封性。4.1.6橡膠壩施工中必須加強質(zhì)量管理,應(yīng)建立質(zhì)量保證體系和質(zhì)量檢查體系,確保施工質(zhì)量。4.2土建工程施工4.2.1土建工程施工可包括下列主要項目:1基坑開挖,控制及觀測系統(tǒng)管道理設(shè)。2澆筑混凝土底板、錨固槽或預(yù)埋錨固螺栓;錨因件制作。3修筑岸墻和防滲、防沖設(shè)施及其它安全保護(hù)措施。4控制室。以上各項施工應(yīng)符合有關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)范的技術(shù)要求。4.2.2壩袋與基礎(chǔ)底板和岸墻(中墩)接觸部位的表面必須平整光滑。4.2.3采用螺栓壓板錨固的,其螺拴間距和埋深均應(yīng)符合設(shè)計要求。采用楔塊或膠愛充水錢因的,其錨固槽的槽口、槽壁和槽底線應(yīng)順直平整。1工程驗收前,應(yīng)由施工單位負(fù)責(zé)管理維護(hù)。2對工程施工遺留問題,施工單位必須認(rèn)真加以處理,并在驗收前完成。3工程竣工后,建設(shè)單位應(yīng)及時組織驗收。4.5.5橡膠壩工程的質(zhì)量檢驗和評定應(yīng)按《水利水電工程施工質(zhì)量評定規(guī)程》(SLl76—96)執(zhí)行。4.5.6壩袋應(yīng)以設(shè)計壩高為驗收標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。4.5.7竣工驗收必須按《水利水電工程驗收規(guī)程》、《水利水電基本建設(shè)工程單元工程質(zhì)量等級評定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》(SDJ249—88,SL38—92)和本規(guī)范的規(guī)定辦理。4.3控制、安全和觀測系統(tǒng)施工4.3.1控制系統(tǒng)的施工應(yīng)符合有關(guān)機電、土建施工的要求。4.3.2安全裝置安裝前,應(yīng)進(jìn)行檢查,并按設(shè)計要求進(jìn)行安裝,確保質(zhì)量,運用可靠。4.3.3觀測系統(tǒng)的安裝,應(yīng)進(jìn)行調(diào)試,使其符合設(shè)計精度要求,確保觀測方便可靠。4.4壩袋安裝4.4.1壩袋、底墊片、密封材料、墊平片要求:1壩袋、底墊片應(yīng)由工廠按設(shè)計圖紙進(jìn)行制作,出廠前必須檢查其尺寸并畫出錨固線和錨固中心線;應(yīng)在醒目位置標(biāo)出上下游標(biāo)記。2壩袋制作必須嚴(yán)格保證質(zhì)量要求,出廠時必須附有經(jīng)過國家計量認(rèn)證的檢測機構(gòu)出具的有關(guān)參數(shù)檢驗報告。3墊平片宜采用與壩袋相同厚度或稍厚一些的橡膠片。4壩袋及底墊片在搬運過程中應(yīng)避免發(fā)生變形和損傷。4.4.2壩袋安裝前的檢查:1楔塊、基礎(chǔ)底板及岸墻混凝土的強度必須達(dá)到設(shè)計要求。2壩袋與底板及岸墻接觸部位應(yīng)平整光滑。3充排管道應(yīng)暢通,無滲漏現(xiàn)象。4預(yù)埋螺栓、墊板、壓板、螺帽(或錨固槽、楔塊、木芯)、進(jìn)出水(氣)口、排氣孔、超壓溢流孔的位置和尺寸應(yīng)符合設(shè)計要求。5壩袋和底墊片運到現(xiàn)場后,應(yīng)結(jié)合就位安裝首先復(fù)查其尺寸和搬運過程中有無損傷,如有損傷應(yīng)及時修補或更換。4.4.3壩袋安裝可按下列程序進(jìn)行:1在底板上分別標(biāo)出壩軸線、中心線。2底墊片就位(指雙錨固壩袋);在底墊片上分別標(biāo)出中心線和錨固線。3在伸人壩袋內(nèi)的充排水(氣)管、測壓管和超壓溢流管等管口四周的底墊片上,宜粘上一層橡膠片作補強處理。4在底墊片上畫出水帽、測壓管和超壓溢流管位置,復(fù)測無誤后在各管口處挖孔并固定。5止水海綿(止氣布)可粘在底墊片相應(yīng)位置上。6使壩袋中心線和錨固線與基礎(chǔ)底板及底墊片上的對應(yīng)線重合。7壩袋錨固順序,端部為固定式的,按先下游,后上游,最后岸墻的順序進(jìn)行。從壩袋底板中心線開始,向兩側(cè)同時進(jìn)行安裝。錨固岸墻(坡)時,先將膠布掛起,撐平,再從下部往上部錨固。采用堵頭式錨固的,宜先安裝兩側(cè)堵頭裙腳,后錨固下游和上游。但無論采用何種錨固型式,兩側(cè)岸墻拐角處,袋布要折疊、理順、墊平,不得用剪口補強處理。4.5工程檢查與驗收4.5.1施工期間應(yīng)檢查下列內(nèi)容:1檢查范圍:壩袋、錢固螺栓或楔塊標(biāo)號及外形尺寸、安裝構(gòu)件、管道、操作設(shè)備的性能。2檢查要求:檢查施工單位提供的質(zhì)量檢驗記錄和分部分項工程質(zhì)量評定記錄,同時需進(jìn)行抽樣檢查。4.5.2壩袋安裝后,必須進(jìn)行全面檢查。在無擋水的條件下,應(yīng)做壩袋充壩試驗;若條件許可,還應(yīng)進(jìn)行擋水試驗。整個過程應(yīng)進(jìn)行下列項目的檢查:1壩袋及安裝處的密封性。2錢固構(gòu)件的狀況。3壩袋外觀觀察及變形觀測。4充排、觀測系統(tǒng)情況。5充氣壩袋內(nèi)的壓力下降情況。4.5.3充壩檢查后,應(yīng)排除壩袋內(nèi)水體,重新緊固錨固件。4.5.4驗收前的管理維護(hù):1工程驗收前,應(yīng)由施工單位負(fù)責(zé)管理維護(hù)。2對工程施工遺留問題,施工單位必須認(rèn)真加以處理,并在險收前完成。3工程竣工后,建設(shè)單位應(yīng)及時組織驗收。4.5.5橡膠壩工程的質(zhì)量檢驗和評定應(yīng)按《水利水電工程施工質(zhì)量評定規(guī)程》(SLl76－6)執(zhí)行。4.5.6壩袋應(yīng)以設(shè)計壩高為驗收標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。4.5.7竣工驗收必須按《水利水電工程驗收規(guī)程》、《水利水電基本建設(shè)工程單元工程質(zhì)量等級評定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》(SDJ249－8,SL38－2)和本規(guī)范的規(guī)定辦理。5運行管理5.1一般規(guī)定5.1.1橡膠壩工程必須有管理機構(gòu)。在工程施工時,可由管理籌備機構(gòu)派人參與施工,工程竣工驗收后由管理機構(gòu)接管工程。5.1.2工程竣工驗收前,應(yīng)由管理籌備機構(gòu)會同設(shè)計、施工單位遵照本規(guī)范要求,結(jié)合工程特點,制定具體管理辦法和有關(guān)制度。橡膠壩工程必須按運行規(guī)律進(jìn)行科學(xué)運行。5.1.3管理機構(gòu)應(yīng)進(jìn)行科學(xué)管理,并對工程進(jìn)行經(jīng)常檢查、觀測、養(yǎng)護(hù)、維修和控制運用等。各項記錄應(yīng)及時整理歸檔,建立完整的技術(shù)檔案。5.1.4橡膠壩工程竣工驗收前,必須確定工程管理范圍和安全區(qū)域。在管理范圍內(nèi)嚴(yán)禁爆破、采砂、游泳、捕魚、排污、非計劃建筑施工及其它一切不利于橡膠壩安全的活動。5.2檢查觀測5.2.1管理機構(gòu)應(yīng)監(jiān)視水情和水流形態(tài)、工程狀態(tài)變化和壩袋運用情況,及時發(fā)現(xiàn)異常現(xiàn)象,分析原因,采取措施,防止發(fā)生事故。5.2.2橡膠壩工程檢查工作應(yīng)包括經(jīng)常檢查、定期檢查和特別檢查。1經(jīng)常檢查;管理單位應(yīng)經(jīng)常對橡膠壩工程各部位、壩袋、錨固件、充排設(shè)備、機電設(shè)備、通訊設(shè)施、河床沖淤、管理范圍內(nèi)的河道堤防和水流情況等進(jìn)行檢查。檢查周期,每月應(yīng)不少于一次。當(dāng)橡膠壩遭受到不利因素影響時,對容易發(fā)生問題的部位應(yīng)及時加強檢查觀察。2定期檢查:每年汛前、汛后、冬季封凍時或在橡膠壩運用前后,應(yīng)對橡膠壩工程各部位及各項設(shè)施進(jìn)行全面檢查。每年初次運用前,應(yīng)著重檢查歲修工程完成情況,汛后應(yīng)著重檢查工程變化和損壞情況,寒冷地區(qū)冬季運用的橡膠壩工程,應(yīng)著重檢查防凍、防冰凌措施的情況。3特別檢查:當(dāng)發(fā)生特大洪水、暴雨、暴風(fēng)、強烈地震和重大工程事故時,應(yīng)及時對橡膠壩工程進(jìn)行特別檢查,著重檢查主體工程有無損壞等。4定期檢查、特別檢查結(jié)束后,應(yīng)及時向上級主管部門提交檢查報告。檢查人員應(yīng)相對穩(wěn)定,檢查報告應(yīng)長期保存。5.2.3觀測工作應(yīng)有下列項目:壩袋內(nèi)壓力、壩袋變形、老化、河流上下游水位、河床變形、水流形態(tài)、水位、流量、卵石、漂浮物、冰凌等。5.2.4資料整理與整編:觀測結(jié)束后,應(yīng)及時對資料進(jìn)行整理計算和校核。資料整編應(yīng)按要求每年進(jìn)行一次,其整編成果應(yīng)提交上級主管部門審查。橡膠壩工程管理單位必須對發(fā)現(xiàn)的異常現(xiàn)象作專項分析,必要時可會同科研、設(shè)計、施工人員作專題研究。5.3維護(hù)修理5.3.1橡膠壩工程養(yǎng)護(hù)修理工作可分為養(yǎng)護(hù)、歲修、搶修和大修,其劃分原則應(yīng)符合下列規(guī)定:1維護(hù):對經(jīng)常檢查發(fā)現(xiàn)的缺陷和問題,應(yīng)及時進(jìn)行保養(yǎng)和局部修補,保持工程和設(shè)備完整清潔,操作靈活。2歲修:根據(jù)汛后全面檢查發(fā)現(xiàn)的缺陷和問題,應(yīng)對工程設(shè)施進(jìn)行必要的整修和局部改進(jìn)。3搶修:當(dāng)橡膠壩工程及設(shè)備遭受損壞,如壩袋破損、刺洞而漏水(氣)時,必須立即采取搶修措施。4大修:當(dāng)工程發(fā)生較大損壞或設(shè)備老化,修復(fù)工程量大,技術(shù)較復(fù)雜時,應(yīng)有計劃進(jìn)行工程整修或設(shè)備更新。5.3.2壩袋維護(hù)修理:1壩袋表面可涂刷防老化涂層,防老化涂層的施工工藝和方法見附錄E。2必須及時清除袋體和壩袋坍落區(qū)底板上的砂石等雜物,排除河中危及壩袋安全的漂浮物。3當(dāng)壩袋破損時,應(yīng)根據(jù)損傷程度采用不同的修補方法,詳見附錄E。5.3.3錨固件維護(hù)修理:1錨固件(含鋼、鐵、木及混凝土)如有松動等,必須按安裝要求旋緊、壓牢、補齊,腐蝕嚴(yán)重或劈裂的予以更換。2金屬錨因件應(yīng)定期除銹和涂刷防銹劑。3木質(zhì)錨固件應(yīng)防止生物蛀蝕和腐爛。4應(yīng)及時清除壩袋附近的淤積物。5.3.4充排設(shè)備維護(hù)修理:1充排設(shè)備中的管道、閘閥等易銹蝕構(gòu)件,應(yīng)定期除銹和涂刷防銹劑。2充排設(shè)備(如電動機、水泵、空壓機(風(fēng)機)、法蘭、閘閥等)出現(xiàn)故障或損壞,必須及時排除故障,進(jìn)行修復(fù)或更換。3必須隨時清除滯留在充排水口和安全溢流孔內(nèi)的淤積物及其它雜物。4必須保持安全溢流孔和排氣孔的暢通。5.3.5土工建筑物、石工建筑物、混凝土建筑物的養(yǎng)護(hù)修理可參照《水閘技術(shù)管理規(guī)程》(SL75—94)中的有關(guān)規(guī)定執(zhí)行。5.4運行控制5.4.1管理單位應(yīng)根據(jù)建壩用途和工程特點,制定運行方案和操作規(guī)程,經(jīng)上級主管部門批準(zhǔn)后,必須嚴(yán)格執(zhí)行。5.4.2嚴(yán)禁壩袋超高超壓運用,即充水(或氣)不得超過設(shè)計內(nèi)壓力。單向擋水的橡膠壩,嚴(yán)禁雙向運用。5.4.3汛期應(yīng)與上游水利管理部門聯(lián)系,根據(jù)氣象和水文預(yù)報及時掌握水情,提前采取安全保護(hù)措施。5.4.4修建在多泥沙河流上的橡膠壩工程,應(yīng)采取泄洪防淤措施。5.4.5壩頂溢流時,可改變壩高來調(diào)節(jié)溢流水深從而避免壩袋發(fā)生振動。5.4.6寒冷地區(qū)的充水式橡膠壩冬季宜坍壩越冬;若不能坍壩越冬,應(yīng)在臨水面采取防凍破冰措施;冰凌過壩時,對壩袋應(yīng)采取保護(hù)措施。5.4.7橡膠壩擋水期間,在高溫季節(jié)為降低壩袋表面溫度,可將壩高適當(dāng)?shù)亟档?在壩頂上面短時間保持一定的溢流水深。5.4.8對于多跨橡膠壩,坍壩時應(yīng)均勻?qū)ΨQ、緩慢坍落,避免下游有害沖刷。5.4.9坍壩泄流前應(yīng)事先通知有關(guān)單位和部門,并以各種有效信號對危險區(qū)域發(fā)出警告。附錄A橡膠壩泄洪能力計算A.0.1橡膠壩泄洪能力,可按堰流基本公式計算:(A.0.1)式中Q——過壩流量,m3/s;B——溢流斷面的平均寬度,m;h0——計人行近流速水頭的堰頂水頭,m;m——流量系數(shù);σ——淹沒系數(shù),可取寬頂堰的試驗數(shù)據(jù);ε—堰流側(cè)收縮系數(shù),與邊界條件有關(guān)。A.0.2橡膠壩的流量系數(shù)介于寬頂堰與曲線型實用堰之間,壩袋完全坍平時,可視作寬頂堰,流量系數(shù)m＝0.33～0.36;壩袋充脹時,可視為曲線型實用堰,流量系數(shù)m＝0.36～0.45。A.0.3橡膠壩在運用中,流量系數(shù)可按如下公式計算:1)單錨固充水橡膠壩流量系數(shù):m=0.138+0.018h1/H+0.152H0/H+0.032h2/H (A.0.3-1)式中H0——壩袋內(nèi)壓水頭,m;H——運行時壩袋充脹的實際壩高,m;hl——壩上游水深,m;h2——壩下游水深,m。以上各值均以壩底為基準(zhǔn)面。溢流時的壩高可量測或用下式計算:H/H1＝O.5138—0.7673h1/H1十0.8742H0/H1十0.1452h2/H1 (A.0.3-2)式中Hl——設(shè)計壩高,m。2)雙錨固充水橡膠壩流量系數(shù):m=0.1630+0.0913h1/H+0.0951H0/H+0.0037h2/H (A.0.3-3)H/H1=0.2127-0.2533h1/H1+0.7053H0/H1+0.1088h2/H1 (A.0.3-4)3)雙錨固充氣橡膠壩流量系數(shù):m=0.0930+0.2720h1/H-0.0200H0/H+0.0270h2/H (A.0.3-5)H/H10.6275+0.0802h1/H1+0.0976H0/H1+0.2372h2/H1 (A.0.3-6)公式適用范圍是:H-h2/h0≤0.45。附錄B壩袋設(shè)計計算B.1一般規(guī)定B.1.1壩袋設(shè)計計算應(yīng)分為充水式與充氣式橡膠壩兩部分。計算內(nèi)容宜包括:壩袋徑向拉力,壩袋環(huán)向各部尺寸,壩袋單寬容積,壩袋堵頭輪廓坐標(biāo)等。B.1.2橡膠壩袋設(shè)計計算工況應(yīng)為上游水深等于壩高,下游無水的情況。B.2充水式橡膠壩設(shè)計計算B.2.1壩袋各項設(shè)計參數(shù)可經(jīng)過數(shù)解法按下列公式計算1壩袋徑向計算強度T=1/2γ(α-1/2)H12 (B.2.1-1)式中T——壩袋徑向計算強度,kN/m;γ——水的容重,kN/m3;α——內(nèi)壓比,H0/H1;H0——內(nèi)壓水頭,m;Hl——設(shè)計壩高,m。2可將充脹后的壩袋輪廓分成四個部分:上游壩面曲線段長度S１,下游壩面曲線段長度S,上游貼地段長度n,下游貼地段長度X0(參見圖B.2.1)。1)采用單錨線錨固壩袋的有效周長(不包括錨固長度)為L0＝S１＋S＋n+X0 (B.2.l-2)2)采用雙錨線錨固壩袋的有效周長(不包括錨固長度)為L0＝S１＋S (B.2.1-3)3)采用雙錨線錨固的底墊片有效長度(不包括錨團(tuán)長度)為l0＝n+X0 (B.2.1-4)壩袋各部分n、S1、S與X0的計算公式如下:(B.2.1-5)S１＝Rθ (B.2.1-6)當(dāng)α≤1.5時, (B.2.1-7)當(dāng)α>1.5時, (B.2.1-8)S＝(1-1/2α)H１?F(k,π/2) (B.2.1-9)X0＝(α-1+1/2α)H1?F(k,π/2)-αH1?E(k,π/2) (B.2.1-10)上游壩面曲線段半徑R的計算式為R=2α-1/4(α-1)/H1 (B.2.1-11)其中F(k,π/2)、E(ｋ,π/2)分別為第一、第二類完全橢圓積分。(B.2.1-12)(B.2.1-13)k2=2α-1/α2 (B.2.1-14)3壩袋單寬容積V(m2)V＝1/2R2θ-1/2n(R-H1)+αH1X0 (B.2.1-15)4壩袋橫面曲線坐標(biāo)。坐標(biāo)選取見圖B.2.1。上游壩面曲線段坐標(biāo)(B.2.1-16)下游壩面線段坐標(biāo)X＝X0-(α-1+1/2α)H1?F(k,φ1)+αH1?E(k,Φ1) (B.2.1-17) 圖B.2.1充水式橡膠壩示意圖其中F(k,φ1)、E(k、φ１)分別為第一、第二類不完全橢圓積分。(B.2.1-18)(B.2.1-19)(B.2.1-20)B.2.2壩袋各項設(shè)計參數(shù)也可經(jīng)過下列查表格法進(jìn)行計算:1表B.2.2-1是根據(jù)數(shù)解法的公式計算所得的充水式橡膠壩壩袋設(shè)計參數(shù)表,可供設(shè)計時直接查用。計算與V時,只需把表中數(shù)字乘以設(shè)計壩高的平方;其它各項把表中數(shù)字乘以設(shè)計壩高即為設(shè)計時的使用值。表B.2.2-1充水式橡膠壩壩袋設(shè)計參數(shù)表α T/H21 S1/H1 S/H1 X0/H1 N/H1 R/H1 V/H211.011.051.101.111.121.131.141.151.161.171.181.191.201.211.221.231.241.251.261.271.281.291.301.311.321.331.341.351.361.371.381.391.401.411.421.431.441.451.461.471.481.491.501.511.521.531.541.551.561.571.581.591.601.611.621.631.641.651.661.671.681.691.701.721.741.761.781.801.851.901.952.002.102.202.302.402.50 0.25500.27500.30000.30500.31000.31500.32000.32500.33000.33500.34000.34500.35000.35500.36000.36500.37000.37500.38000.38500.39000.39500.40000.40500.41000.41500.42000.42500.43000.43500.44000.44500.45000.45500.46000.46500.47000.47500.48000.48500.49000.49500.50000.50500.51000.51500.52000.52500.53000.53500.54000.54500.55000.55500.56000.56500.57000.57500.58000.58500.59000.59500.60000.61000.62000.63000.64000.65000.67500.70000.72500.75000.80000.85000.90000.95001.0000 7.16503.36912.52322.43212.35362.28512.22492.17142.12362.08052.04162.00621.97381.94411.91681.89151.86821.84641.82621.80731.78961.77311.75751.74281.72901.71601.70731.69201.68091.67041.66041.65091.64191.63331.62501.61721.60971.60251.59561.58591.58271.57661.57081.56521.55981.55461.54971.54491.54021.53581.53151.52731.52331.51951.51571.51211.50861.50531.50201.49881.49581.49281.49881.48441.47931.47441.46981.46551.45571.44711.43961.43301.42201.41331.40631.40081.3963 3.03.62.32192.06732.03592.00811.98321.96091.94071.92231.90561.89011.87591.86281.85061.83931.82881.81891.80971.80101.79281.78521.77791.77111.76461.75851.75261.74711.74181.73681.73201.72751.72311.71901.71501.71121.70751.70401.70071.69751.69441.69141.68851.68581.68311.68051.67811.67571.67341.67111.66901.66691.66491.66301.66111.65931.65751.65581.65411.65251.65101.64951.64801.64661.64381.64121.63881.63651.63641.62931.62481.62091.61741.61141.60651.60251.59911.5962 2.02.91.27780.98670.94880.91460.88380.85520.82920.80510.78280.76200.74250.72430.70710.69090.67560.66110.64730.63430.62180.60990.59850.58760.57720.56720.55760.54830.53940.53090.52260.51460.50690.49950.49230.48530.47860.47200.46570.45950.45350.44770.44210.43660.43120.42600.42100.41600.41120.40650.40200.39750.39310.38890.38470.38070.37670.37280.36900.36560.36170.35810.34560.35120.34460.33820.33210.32620.32060.30730.29510.28390.27350.25500.23890.22480.21230. 7.07113.16232.23612.13202.04121.96121.88981.82571.76781.71501.66671.62221.58111.54301.50761.47441.44341.41421.38681.36081.33631.31311.29101.27001.25001.23091.21271.19521.17851.16251.14711.13231.11801.10431.09111.07831.06601.05411.04261.03141.02061.01021.00000.99010.98060.97130.96230.95350.94490.93660.92850.92060.91290.90540.89800.89090.88390.87710.87040.86390.85750.85130.84520.83330.82200.81110.80060.79060.76700.74540.72550.70710.67420.64550.62020.59760.5774 25.50005.50003.00002.77272.58332.42312.28572.16672.06251.97061.88891.81581.75001.69051.63641.58701.54171.50001.46151.42591.39291.36211.33331.30651.28131.25761.23531.21431.19441.17571.15791.14101.12501.10981.09521.08141.06821.05561.04351.03191.02081.01021.00000.99020.98080.97170.96300.95450.94640.93860.93100.92370.91670.90980.90320.89680.89060.88460.87880.87310.86760.86230.85710.84720.83780.82890.82050.81250.79410.77780.76320.75000.72730.70830.69230.67860.6667 6.77403.49142.63422.53522.44842.37152.30282.24092.18472.13352.08652.04332.00331.96611.93151.89921.86891.84051.81371.78841.76451.74191.72041.70001.68061.66201.64441.62751.61131.59581.58091.56671.55301.53981.52711.51491.50311.49171.48071.47011.45981.44991.44031.43091.42191.41311.40461.39461.38841.38061.37301.36561.35841.35151.34461.33801.33161.32531.31911.31311.30731.30151.29601.28521.27491.26501.25561.24651.22541.20631.18881.17281.14451.12031.09931.08081.06452表B.2.2-2為充水式橡膠壩在設(shè)計條件下的下游壩面曲線坐標(biāo)表,用于繪制下游壩面曲線。將壩高分成20等分,求出壩袋下游相應(yīng)點的水平坐標(biāo)值,列入表中。使用時只須把表中數(shù)字乘以設(shè)計壩高即為實用值。上游壩面曲線坐標(biāo),可直接由式(B.2.1-16)求出。表B.2.2-2充水式橡膠壩下游壩面曲線坐標(biāo)表0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.35 0.40 0.451.051.101.111.121.131.141.151.161.171.181.191.201.211.221.231.241.251.261.271.281.291.301.311.321.331.241.351.361.371.381.391.401.411.421.431.441.451.461.47 1.27780.98670.94880.91460.88350.85520.82920.80510.78280.76200.74250.72430.70710.69090.67560.66110.64730.63430.62180.60990.59850.58760.57720.56720.55760.54830.53940.53090.52260.51460.50690.49950.49230.48530.47860.47200.46570.45950.4535 1.43241.14481.10751.07391.04351.01580.99030.96680.94510.92480.90590.88820.87160.85590.84110.82710.81380.80120.78920.77770.76680.75640.74640.73680.72760.71880.71030.70210.69420.68660.67930.67220.66540.65880.65240.64620.64020.63440.6287 1.48591.1.16291.12971.09961.07211.04691.02371.00220.98220.96360.94610.92970.91430.89970.88600.87290.86050.84870.83750.82680.81650.80670.79740.78840.77970.77140.76340.75570.74830.74120.73430.72760.72110.71490.70890.70300.69740.6919 1.51921.23471.19801.16501.13511.10791.08301.06001.03871.01901.00060.98330.96710.95190.93750.92400.91110.89890.88730.87630.86570.85570.84600.83680.82800.81950.81140.80350.79600.78870.78170.77500.76840.76210.75600.75010.74440.73890.7335 1.54031.25731.22081.18801.15841.13151.10681.08401.06301.04341.02521.00820.99220.97720.96300.94960.93700.92490.91350.90260.89230.88240.87290.86390.85520.84690.83890.83120.82380.81670.80980.80320.79680.79060.78460.77890.77330.76780.7626 1.55241.27081.23451.20201.17271.14601.12151.09901.07821.05891.04091.02401.00830.99340.97950.96630.95380.94190.93070.92000.90980.90000.89070.88180.87330.86510.85730.84980.84250.83550.82880.82230.81600.81000.80410.79850.79300.78770.7826 1.55681.27671.24081.20861.17951.15301.12881.10651.08591.06681.04911.03241.01691.00230.98850.97550.96320.95150.94040.92990.91990.91030.90120.89240.88410.87610.86840.86100.85390.84700.84040.83410.82790.82200.81630.81080.80540.80030.7952 1.55441.27601.24031.20841.17961.15341.12941.10741.08711.06821.05071.03431.01901.00450.99100.97820.96610.95460.94370.93340.92350.91410.90250.89660.88840.88050.87300.86580.85880.85210.84570.83940.83340.82770.82210.81670.81140.80640.8015 1.54541.26891.23351.1.17341.14751.12391.10211.08211.06351.04621.03001.01491.00080.98740.97480.96300.95170.94100.93090.92120.91200.90320.89480.88680.87910.87170.86460.85780.85130.84500.83890.83310.82740.82200.81670.81160.80670.8019 1.53001.25551.22061.18931.16121.13561.11231.09081.07111.05281.03581.01991.00500.99110.97800.96570.95400.94300.93250.92260.91310.90410.89550.88730.87950.87200.86480.85790.85120.84490.83870.83280.82710.82160.81630.81120.80620.80140.7968續(xù)表0.50 0.55 0.60 0.65 0.70 0.75 0.80 0.85 0.90 0.95 1.001.051.101.111.121.131.141.151.161.171.181.191.201.211.221.231.241.251.261.271.281.291.301.311.321.331.241.351.361.371.381.391.401.411.421.431.441.451.461.47 1.50791.23591.1.17051.14271.11751.09461.07351.05401.03611.01941.00380.98920.97560.96280.95070.93930.92850.91830.90860.89940.89060.88220.87420.86660.85920.85220.84550.83910.83290.82690.82110.81560.81030.80510.80020.79540.79070.7862 1.47881.20961.17551.14511.11781.09301.07051.04981.03071.01310.99680.98150.96730.95400.94150.92970.91860.90810.89810.88870.87970.87120.86300.85530.84780.84070.83390.82740.82120.81520.80940.80380.79850.79330.78830.78350.77890.77440.7701 1.44181.17601.14251.11271.08591.06161.03951.01931.00070.98350.96760.95270.93890.92590.91370.90230.89150.88130.87170.86250.85380.84560.83770.83020.82300.81620.80960.80330.79730.79150.78590.78060.77540.77040.76570.76100.75660.75230.7481 1.39581.13421.10141.07231.04611.02241.00090.98130.96320.94650.93100.91660.90320.89070.87890.86790.85740.84760.83830.82950.82110.81320.80560.79840.79150.78490.77870.77260.76880.76130.75600.75090.74590.74120.73660.73220.72790.72380.7199 1.33921.08291.05101.02260.99730.97430.95350.93450.91710.90100.88610.87220.85940.84730.83600.82540.81550.80610.79720.78870.78080.77320.76600.75910.75250.74630.74030.73460.72910.72380.71880.71390.70920.70470.70040.69620.69220.68830.6846 1.26941.02000.98920.96190.93750.91550.89550.87730.86070.84530.83110.81800.80570.79430.78360.77360.76410.75520.74680.73890.73130.72420.71740.71090.70480.69890.69330.68790.68270.67780.67310.66850.66410.65990.65590.65200.64820.64460.6411 1.18210.94210.91280.88690.86380.84300.82420.80700.79140.77700.76370.75130.73990.72920.71930.70990.70110.69290.68510.67770.67070.66410.65780.65180.64610.64070.63550.63060.62580.61690.62130.61280.60870.60490.60120.59760.59410.59080.5876 1.07000.84380.81650.79250.77120.75200.73470.71900.70460.69150.67940.66820.65770.64810.63900.63060.62260.61520.60820.60150.59520.58930.58370.57830.57320.56830.56370.55930.55500.55100.54710.54330.53980.53630.53300.52980.52680.52380.5210 0.91840.71390.68980.66860.64980.63300.61790.60430.59180.58040.56990.56020.55130.54300.53520.52800.52120.51480.50880.50320.49780.49280.48800.48340.47910.47500.47110.46730.46380.46030.45710.45390.45090.44800.44520.44260.44000.43750.4351 0.68870.52470.50590.48950.47500.46220.45060.44020.43080.42210.41420.40700.40030.39400.38820.38280.37780.37310.36860.36440.36050.35670.35320.34990.34670.34370.34080.33800.33540.33290.33050.32820.32600.32390.32190.31990.31800.31620.3145 0.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.0000續(xù)表0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.35 0.40 0.451.481.491.501.511.521.531.541.551.561.571.581.591.601.611.621.631.641.651.661.671.681.691.701.711.721.731.741.751.761.771.781.791.801.851.901.952.002.102.202.302.402.50 0.44770.44210.43660.43120.42600.42100.41600.41120.40650.40200.39750.39310.38890.38470.38070.37670.37280.36900.36530.36170.35810.35460.35120.34790.34460.34140.33820.33510.33210.32920.32620.32340.32060.30730.29510.28390.27350.25500.23890.22480.21230. 0.62320.61790.61270.60770.60280.59800.59340.58890.58450.58020.57600.57190.56790.56400.56020.55650.55290.54940.54590.54250.53920.53600.53280.52970.52660.52370.52070.51790.51510.51230.50960.50700.50440.49210.48090.47060.46100.44410.42940.41660.40250.395 0.68650.68130.67630.67140.66670.66200.65750.65310.64890.64470.64070.63670.63290.62910.62540.62180.61830.61490.61150.60830.60510.60190.59890.59590.59290.59000.58720.58450.58180.57910.57650.57400.57150.55960.54880.53890.52980.51350.49950.48720.47640.4668 0.72830.72320.71830.71360.70890.70440.70000.69580.69160.68750.68360.67980.67600.67230.66880.66530.66190.65850.65530.65210.64900.64600.64300.64010.63720.63440.63170.62900.62640.62380.62130.61880.61640.60500.59450.58490.57610.56050.54690.53510.52470.5155 0.75750.75260.74780.74310.73860.73420.72990.72570.72170.71770.71390.71010.70650.70290.69940.69600.69270.68950.68630.68320.68020.67720.67430.67150.66870.66600.66340.66080.65820.65570.65330.65090.64850.63740.62730.61800.60950.59440.58130.56990.55990.5510 0.77760.77280.76810.76360.75910.75480.75070.74660.74260.73880.73500.73140.72780.72430.72090.71760.71440.71130.70820.70520.70220.69930.69650.69380.69110.68850.68590.68340.68090.67850.67610.67380.67150.66070.65090.64190.63370.61900.60640.59540.58580.5772 0.79040.78570.78110.77660.77230.76810.76410.76010.75620.75250.74880.74530.74180.73840.73510.73190.72880.72570.72270.71980.71690.71410.71140.70870.70610.70350.70100.69860.69620.69380.69150.68930.68700.67660.66710.65840.65040.63630.62410.61350.60420.5960 0.79680.79220.78770.78340.77920.77510.77110.76730.76350.75980.75630.75280.74940.74620.74290.73980.73680.73380.73090.72800.72520.72250.71990.71730.71470.71230.70980.70750.70510.70280.70060.69840.69630.68620.67700.66860.66090.64720.63540.62520.61630.6084 0.79730.79280.78850.78430.78020.77620.77240.76860.76500.76140.75790.75460.75130.74810.74500.74200.73900.73610.73330.73050.72780.72520.72260.72010.71770.71530.71290.71060.70830.70610.70400.70190.69980.69000.68110.67300.66560.65240.64110.63130.62270.6151 0.79230.78800.78380.77970.77570.77180.76810.76450.76090.75750.75410.75090.74770.74460.74160.73860.73580.73300.73020.72760.72500.72240.72000.71750.71510.71280.71060.70830.70620.70400.70190.69990.69790.68850.67990.67210.66490.65230.64140.63200.62380.6165續(xù)表0.50 0.55 0.60 0.65 0.70 0.75 0.80 0.85 0.90 0.95 1.001.481.491.501.511.521.531.541.551.561.571.581.591.601.611.621.631.641.651.661.671.681.691.701.711.721.731.741.751.761.771.781.791.801.851.901.952.002.102.202.302.402.50 0.78190.77770.77360.76960.76580.76200.75840.75490.75150.74820.74490.74180.73870.73570.73280.73000.72720.72450.72190.71390.71680.71440.71200.70960.70730.70510.70290.70080.69870.69660.69460.69270.69070.68170.67340.66590.65910.64700.63660.62760.61970.6127 0.76590.76810.75790.75410.75040.74680.74330.73990.73660.73340.73030.72730.72430.72140.71860.71590.71330.71070.70810.70570.70330.70090.69860.69640.69420.69200.68990.68790.68590.68390.68200.68010.67830.66960.66170.65460.64800.63640.62650.61800.61050.6039 0.74410.74020.73640.73270.72920.72570.72240.71920.71600.71290.71000.70710.70420.70150.69880.69620.69370.69120.68880.68640.68410.68190.67970.67750.67550.67340.67140.66950.66750.66570.66380.66200.66030.65200.64450.63770.63150.62050.61110.60300.59600.5897 0.71600.71230.70870.70520.70180.69850.69540.69230.68930.68640.68350.68080.67810.67550.67290.67050.66810.66570.66340.66120.65900.65690.65480.65280.65080.64880.64700.64510.64330.64150.63980.63810.63640.62860.62160.61510.60930.59890.59010.58250.57580.5699 0.68090.67740.67400.67070.66750.66440.66140.65850.65570.65300.65030.64770.64520.64270.64030.63800.63570.63350.63140.32930.62720.62520.62330.62140.61950.61770.91590.91420.61250.61080.60290.60760.60600.59870.59210.58610.58060.57100.56280.55570.54950.5440 0.63770.63440.63120.62820.62520.62230.61950.61680.61420.61160.60920.60670.60440.60210.59990.59770.59560.59360.59160.58960.58770.58590.58410.58230.58060.57890.57730.57570.57410.57260.57110.56960.56820.56140.55530.54980.54470.53580.52830.52170.51610.5111 0.58450.58150.57860.57580.57310.57040.56790.56540.56300.56070.55840.55620.55410.55200.55000.54800.54610.54420.54240.54070.53890.53720.53560.53400.53240.53090.52940.52800.52650.52510.52380.52240.52110.51500.50950.50450.49990.49190.48510.47920.47410.4696 0.51820.51550.51300.51050.50810.50570.50350.50130.49920.49710.49510.49320.49130.48950.48770.48590.48430.48260.48100.47940.47790.47640.47500.47360.47220.47090.46960.46830.46700.46580.46460.46340.46230.45690.45210.44770.44370.43670.43070.42560.42120.4172 0.43280.43060.42840.42630.42430.42240.42050.41870.41690.41520.41350.41190.41030.40880.40730.40580.40440.40310.40170.40040.39920.39790.39670.39560.39440.39330.39220.39120.39010.38910.38810.38710.38620.38170.37770.37410.37080.36500.36010.35590.35230.3490 0.31280.31120.30960.30810.30660.30520.30390.30250.30130.30000.29880.29760.29650.29540.29430.29330.29230.29130.29030.28940.28850.28760.28670.28590.28500.28420.28350.28270.28190.28120.28050.27980.27910.27590.27310.27050.26810.26400.26050.25750.25490.2526 0.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.0000B.3充氣橡膠壩設(shè)計計算B.3.1壩袋各項設(shè)計參數(shù)可經(jīng)過數(shù)解法按下列公式計算1壩袋徑向計算強度T＝1/2γαH12 (B.3.1-1)式中α——袋內(nèi)充氣壓力與相當(dāng)于壩高的水柱壓強之比。2可將充脹后的壩袋輪廓分成三個部分,上游壩面曲線段長度S1,下游壩面曲線段長度S及壩袋貼地段長度D。壩袋有效周長(不包括錢固長度)為L0＝S＋S１＋D (B.3.1-2)式中L0——壩袋有效周長,m;S——下游壩面曲線段長度,m;S1——上游壩面曲線段長度,m;D——壩袋貼地段長度,m。S＝1/2πH１ (B.3.1-3)(B.3.1-4)(B.3.1-5)(B.3.1-6)Φ1=cos-1(1/α-1) (B.3.1.-7)下游壩面曲線段曲率半徑R＝1/2H1 (B.3.1-8)3壩袋單寬容積V＝1/8πH21+(1-α)H1D+1/2αH21sinΦ (B.3.1-9)Φ=cos-1(1/α-1) (B.3.1-10)4壩袋橫斷面曲線坐標(biāo)坐標(biāo)原點選在壩頂,水平坐標(biāo)軸X向上游為正,豎直坐標(biāo)軸y向下為正。下游壩面曲線段坐標(biāo)(B.3.1-11)式中Xi——所求點的X坐標(biāo);Yi——所求點的Y坐標(biāo)。上游壩面曲線段坐標(biāo)(B.3.1-12)Φi＝cos-1(Yi/αHi-1) (B.3.1-13)B.3.2壩袋各項設(shè)計參數(shù)也可經(jīng)過下列查表格法進(jìn)行計算:1表B.3.2-1為充氣式橡膠壩壩袋設(shè)計參數(shù)表。計算T與V時,只須把表中數(shù)字乘以設(shè)計壩高的平方,其它各項把表中數(shù)字乘以壩高即為設(shè)計時的使用值。表B.3.2-1充氣式橡膠壩壩袋設(shè)計參數(shù)表α T/H12 S1/H1 S/H1 D/H1 L0/H1 V/H120.500.550.600.610.620.630.640.650.660.670.680.690.700.710.720.730.740.750.760.770.780.790.800.810.820.830.840.850.860.870.880.890.900.910.920.930.94 0.25000.27500.30000.30500.31000.31500.32000.32500.33000.33500.34000.34500.35000.35500.36000.36500.37000.37500.38000.38500.39000.39500.40000.40500.41000.41500.42000.42500.43000.43500.44000.44500.45000.45500.46000.46500.4700 1.68581.45591.40141.39411.38751.38151.37611.37111.36661.36241.35851.35501.35171.34871.34581.34321.34081.33851.33631.33431.33251.33071.32911.32761.32611.32481.32351.32231.32121.32011.31911.31821.31731.31651.31571.31501.3143 1.57081.57081.57081.57081.57081.57081.57081.57081.57081.57081.57081.57081.57081.57081.57081.57081.57081.57081.57081.57081.57081.57081.57081.57081.57081.57081.57081.57081.57081.57081.57081.57081.57081.57081.57081.57081.5708 1.24920.96720.87290.85850.84500.83240.82060.80940.79880.78870.77910.76990.76120.75280.74480.73710.72970.72250.71560.70900.70250.69630.69030.6845