英語(yǔ)單詞：前綴、后綴、詞根-總結(jié)大全

英語(yǔ)單詞：前綴、后綴、詞根---總結(jié)大全第一章英語(yǔ)單詞構(gòu)詞法——前綴第1節(jié)表示否定意義的前綴

（1）純否定前綴

前綴舉例

a-,an-asymmetry(不對(duì)稱),anhydrous(無(wú)水的)

dis-dishonest,dislike

in-,ig-,il-,im-,ir-incapable,inability,ignoble,impossible,immoral,illegal,irregular

ne-,n-none,neither,never

non-nonsense

un-unable,unemployment（2）表示錯(cuò)誤的意義

前綴舉例

male-,mal-malfunction,maladjustment(失調(diào))

mis-mistake,mislead

pseudo-pseudonym(假名),pseudoscience（3）表示反動(dòng)作的意思

前綴舉例

de-defend,demodulation(解調(diào))

dis-disarm,disconnect

un-unload,uncover（4）表示相反、相互對(duì)立的意思

前綴舉例

anti-,ant-antiknock(防震),antiforeign(排外的)

contra-,contre-,contro-contradiction,controflow(逆流)

counter-counteraction,counterbalance

ob-,oc-,of-,op-,object,oppose,occupy

with-withdraw,withstand

第2節(jié)表示空間位置、方向關(guān)系的前綴

前綴含義舉例

a-在……之上、向……aboard,aside

by-附近、鄰近、邊側(cè)bypath,bypass

circum-,circu-周?chē)?、環(huán)繞、回轉(zhuǎn)circumstance,circuit

de-在下、向下descend,degrade

en-在內(nèi)、進(jìn)入encage,enbed

ex-,ec-,es-外部、外exit,eclipse,expand,export

extra-額外extraction

fore-在前面forehead,foreground

in-,il-im-,ir-向內(nèi)、在內(nèi)、背于inland,invade,inside,import

inter-,intel-在……間，相互international,interaction,

intro-向內(nèi)、在內(nèi)、內(nèi)側(cè)introduce,

medi-,med-,mid-中，中間Mediterranean,midposition

out-在上面，在外部，在外outline,outside,outward

over-在上面，在外部，向上overlook,overhead,overboard

post-向后，在后面，次postscript(附言),postgraduate

pre-在前，在前面prefix,preface,preposition

pro-在前、向前progress,proceed

sub-,suc-,suf-,sug-,

sum-,sup-,sur-,sus-在下面，下subway,submarine,suffix,suppress,supplement

super-,sur-在……之上superficial,surface,superstructure

trans-移上，轉(zhuǎn)上，在那一邊translate,transform,transoceanic

under-在……下面，下的underline,underground

up-向上，向上面，在上upward,uphold,uphill第3節(jié)表示時(shí)間、序列關(guān)系的前綴

前綴含義舉例ante-,anti-先前，早于，預(yù)先antecedent,anticipateex-先、故、舊ex-president,ex-husband

fore-在前面、先前、前面foreword,foretell

mid-,medi-中，中間midnight,midsummer

post-在后，后postwar

pre-,pri-在前、事先、預(yù)先preheat,prewar,prehistory

pro-在前、先、前prologue(序幕),prophet

re-再一次、重新retell,rewrite第4節(jié)表示比較程度差別關(guān)系的前綴

前綴含義舉例by-副、次要的byproduct

extra-超越、額外extraordinary

hyper-超過(guò)、極度hypersonic,hypertension

out-超過(guò)、過(guò)分outdo(超過(guò)),outbid

over-超過(guò)、過(guò)度、太overeat,overdress,oversleep

sub-,suc-次、低、副、亞subeditor,subordinate,succession

super-,sur-超過(guò)supernatural,superpower,surplus

under-低劣、低下undersize,undergrown

vice-副、次vice-president,vice-chairman第5節(jié)表示共同、相等意思的前綴

前綴含義舉例com-,cop-,con-,cor-,co-共同、一起combine,connect,coexist

syn-,syl-,sym-同、共、和、類synthesis,sympathy

第6節(jié)表示整個(gè)完全意思的前綴

前綴含義舉例al-完整、完全alone,almost

over-完全、全overall,overflow(充滿)

pan-全、總、萬(wàn)panentheism(泛神論),panorama(全景、概論)第7節(jié)表示分離、離開(kāi)意思的前綴

前綴含義舉例a-,ab-,abs-分離、離開(kāi)away,apart,abstract,abstain

de-離去、除去depart,decolour

dis-,di-,dif-分離、離開(kāi)disarm,divorce

ex-,e-離開(kāi)、分離expel,exclude,expatriate

for-離開(kāi)、脫離forgive,forget

re-離開(kāi)release,resolve

se-分離、隔離separate,seduce,select

第8節(jié)表示通過(guò)、遍及意思的前綴

前綴含義舉例dia-通過(guò)、橫過(guò)diameter,diagram

per-,pel-通、總、遍perfect,perform,pervade(浸透)

trans-橫過(guò)、貫通transparent,transmit,transport第9節(jié)表示加強(qiáng)意思的前綴

前綴舉例a-arouse,ashamed

ad-adjoin,adhere(粘著)第10節(jié)表示變換此類作用的前綴

前綴舉例be-befriend(幫助、扶助)

en-enslave,enable,enrich

ad-,ac-,af-,ag-,an-,ap-,ar-,as-,at-：adapt,accord,affix,aggression,arrive,assist,attend,attract,arrange,assign

第11節(jié)表示數(shù)量關(guān)系的前綴

前綴含義舉例mono-,mon-單一、一monotone,monopoly,monarch

ambi-,bi-,di-twi-二、兩、雙ambiguous,amphibian,bicycle,

diode,twilight

deca-,deco-,dec-,deci-十decade,decimals

hecto-,hect-,centi-百，百分之一hectometer,centimeter

kilo-千、千分之一kilometer

myria-,myri-,mega,meg,micro-萬(wàn)、萬(wàn)分之一myriametre,megabyte,microvolt

multi-,mult-,poly-許多、復(fù)、多數(shù)multipmetre,polysyllable

hemi-,demi-,semi-,pene-,pen-半、一半hemisphere,demiofiicial,semiconductor,semitransparent,peninsula

第12節(jié)表示特殊意義的前綴

前綴含義舉例arch-首位、第一的、主要的architect,archbishop

auto-自己、獨(dú)立、自動(dòng)automobile,autobiography

bene-善、福benefit

eu-優(yōu)、美好eugenics(優(yōu)生學(xué)),euphemism

male-,mal-惡、不良maltreatment,malodor

macro-大、宏大macroscopic(宏觀)

magni-大magnificent

micro-微microscope

第13節(jié)表示術(shù)語(yǔ)的前綴

前綴含義舉例aud-聽(tīng)、聲audience

bio-生命、生物biography

ge-地球、大地geography

phon-聲、音調(diào)phonograph

tele-遠(yuǎn)離television,telephone

=======================================第二章英語(yǔ)單詞構(gòu)詞法——后綴第1節(jié)名詞后綴

(1)具有某種職業(yè)或動(dòng)作的人

后綴含義舉例

-an,-ian……地方的人，精通……的人American,historian

-al具有……職務(wù)的人principal

-ant,-ent……者merchant,agent,servant,student

-ar……的人scholar,liar

-ard,-art做……的人coward,laggard,braggart

-arian……派別/主義的人，humanitarian,vegetarian

-ary從事……的人secretary,missionary

-ate具有……職責(zé)的人candidate,graduate

-ator做……的人educator,speculator

-crat某種政體、主義的支持者democrat,bureaucrat

-ee動(dòng)作承受著employee,examinee

-eer從事于……的人engineer,volunteer

-er從事某職業(yè)的人，某地區(qū)、地方的人banker,observer,Londoner,villager

-ese……國(guó)人，……地方的人Japanese,Cantonese

-ess陰性人稱名詞actress,hostess,manageress

-eur……家amateur,litterateur

-ian……地方人，信仰……教的人，從事……職業(yè)的人Christian,physician,musician

-ician精通者，……家electrician,magician,technician

-icist……家，……者，……能手physicist,phoneticist,technicist

-ic……者，……師mechanic,critic

-ie愛(ài)稱，指小diaries,auntie,lassie

-ier從事……職業(yè)cavalier,clothier,brazier

-ine,-ina陰性人稱heroine,ballerina

-ist從事……研究者，信仰……主義者pianist,communist,dentist,artist,chemist

-ive動(dòng)作者，行動(dòng)者native,captive

-logist……學(xué)家，研究者biologist,geologist

-or……者author,doctor,operator

-ster做……事情的人youngerster,gamester,songster

-yer從事……職業(yè)者lawyer

(2)構(gòu)成具有抽象名詞的含義

后綴含義舉例

-acy性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)、境遇accuracy,diplomacy

-age狀態(tài)、行為、身份及結(jié)果、總稱courage,storage,marriage

-al事物的動(dòng)作、過(guò)程refusal,arrival,survival,denial表示具體的事物manual,signal,editorial,journal

-ance,-ence性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)、行為、過(guò)程、總量、程度endurance,importance,diligence,difference,obedience

-ancy,-ency性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)、行為、過(guò)程frequency,urgency,efficiency

-bility動(dòng)作、性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)possibility,feasibility

-craft工藝、技巧woodcraft,handicraft,statecraft

-cracy統(tǒng)治、支配bureaucracy,democracy

-cy性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)、職位、級(jí)別bankruptcy,supremacy

-dom等級(jí)、領(lǐng)域、狀態(tài)freedom,kingdom,wisdom

-ery,-ry行為、狀態(tài)、習(xí)性bravery,bribery,rivalry

-ety性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)variety,dubiety

-faction,-facture作成，……化、作用satisfaction,manufacture

-hood資格、身份、年紀(jì)、狀態(tài)childhood,falsehood

-ice行為、性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)notice,justice,service

-ine帶有抽象概念medicine,discipline,famine

-ing動(dòng)作的過(guò)程，結(jié)果building,writing,learning

-ion,-sion,-tion,-ation,-ition行為的過(guò)程、結(jié)果、狀況action,solution,conclusion,destruction,expression,correction

-ise性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)exercise,merchandise

-ism制度、主義、學(xué)說(shuō)、信仰、行為socialism,criticism,colloquialism,heroism

-ity性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)、程度purity,reality,ability,calamity

-ment行為、狀態(tài)、過(guò)程、手段及其結(jié)果treatment,movement,judgment,punishment,argument

-mony動(dòng)作的結(jié)果、狀態(tài)ceremony,testimony

-ness性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)、程度goodness,kindness,tiredness

-or,-our動(dòng)作、性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)favor,error

-osity動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)curiosity

-ship情況、性質(zhì)、技巧、技能及身份、職業(yè)hardship,membership,friendship

-th動(dòng)作、性質(zhì)、過(guò)程、狀態(tài)depth,wealth,truth,length,growth

-tude性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)、程度latitude,altitude

-ure行為、結(jié)果exposure,pressure,failure

-y行為的結(jié)果、狀態(tài)、性質(zhì)glory,history,inquiry(3)帶有場(chǎng)所、地方的含義

后綴含義舉例

-age住所、地點(diǎn)village,cottage

-ary住所、場(chǎng)地library,granary

-ery,-ry工作場(chǎng)所、飼養(yǎng)地、地點(diǎn)laundry,nursery,surgery

-ory工作場(chǎng)所、住處factory,dormitory,laboratory(4)表示學(xué)術(shù)、科技含義

后綴含義舉例

-grapy……學(xué)，寫(xiě)法biography,calligraphy,geography

-ic,-ics……學(xué)，……法logic,mechanics,optics

-ology……學(xué)，……論biology,zoology,technology

-nomy……學(xué)，……術(shù)astronomy,economy

-ery學(xué)科、學(xué)術(shù)chemistry,cookery,machinery

-y……學(xué)，術(shù)，法photography,philosophy

(5)表示人和事物的總和，集合含義

后綴舉例

-agebaggage,tonnage

-domnewspaperdom

-hoodneighbourhood,womanhood

-rycavalry,ministry

-urelegislature,judicature(6)表示物品和物質(zhì)名稱的含義

后綴舉例

-ant,-entsolvent,constant

-alsignal,pictorial

-arcollar,pillar

-erboiler,computer,washer,cooker

-erydrapery

-ingclothing,matting

-mentinstrument,equipment,attachment(7)表示“細(xì)小”的意思

后綴舉例

-cleparticle

-culemolecule

-elparcel

-enchicken,maiden

-etpocket,ticket

-etta,-ette,-ettocigarette

-kinnapkin

-lingduckling

-letbooklet

-ybaby,doggy第2節(jié)形容詞后綴(1)帶有“屬性、傾向、相關(guān)”的含義

后綴舉例

-able,-iblemovable,comfortable,applicable,visible,responsible

-alnatural,additional,educational

-an,-aneurban,suburban,republican

-ant,-entdistant,important,excellent

-arsimilar,popular,regular

-arymilitary,voluntary

-ic,-atic,-icalpolitic,systematic,physical

-inemasculine,feminine,marine

-ingmoving,touching,daring

-ishfoolish,bookish,selfish

-iveactive,impressive,decisive

-orysatisfactory,compulsory

-il,-ile,-eelfragile,genteel(2)表示“相像，類似”的含義

后綴舉例

-ishboyish,childish

-esquepicturesque

-likemanlike,childlike

-lymanly,fatherly,scholarly,motherly

-sometroublesome,handsome

-ymilky,pasty(3)表示“充分的”含義

后綴舉例

-fulbeautiful,wonderful,helpful,truthful

-ousdangerous,generous,courageous,various

-entviolent(4)表示由某種物質(zhì)形成、制成或生產(chǎn)的含義

后綴舉例

-enwooden,golden,woolen

-ousgaseous

-ficscientific(5)表示方向的含義

后綴舉例

-erneastern,western

-warddownward,forward(6)表示“倍數(shù)”的含義

后綴舉例

-bledouble,treble

-pletriple

-foldtwofold,tenfold(7)表示“數(shù)量關(guān)系”的含義

后綴舉例

-teenthirteen

-tyfifty

-thfourth,fiftieth(8)表示國(guó)籍、語(yǔ)種、宗教的含義

后綴舉例

-anRoman,European

-eseChinese

-ishEnglish,Spanish(9)表示“比較程度”的含義

后綴舉例

-ergreater

-ishreddish,yellowish

-esthighest

-mostforemost,topmost(10)其他的含義

后綴含義舉例

-less否定countless,stainless,wireless

第3節(jié)動(dòng)詞后綴

后綴含義舉例-ize,-ise做成，變成，……化modernize,mechanize,organize

-en是成為，引起，使有quicken,weaken,soften,harden

-fy使……化，使成beautify,purify,intensify,signify

-ish使，令finish,abolish,diminish,establish

-ate成為……，處理，作用separate,operate,indicate

第4節(jié)副詞后綴

后綴舉例-lypossibly,swiftly,simply

-ward,-wardsdownward,inwards,upward

-waysalways,sideways

-wiseotherwise,clockwise第三章英語(yǔ)單詞構(gòu)詞法——詞根

詞根含義舉例aer,ar空氣，大氣aeroplane,aerial

ag,act,ig做，動(dòng)作active,agent,reaction

alt高altitude

alter,altern,altr其他，變更alternate

bio,bi,bion生物，生命biology,bionics

brev,bri,brief短brief,abbreviation,abridge

cap,capt,cept,cip取，獲capture,except,concept,capacity

ced,ceed,cess行，讓步proceed,succeed,excess

centr中心concentrate,eccentric

clain,claim呼喊claim,proclaim,exclaim

clos,clud閉合conclude,enclose,include

col,cult耕耘colony,cultivate,agriculture

cor,cord心cordial,record,accord

curr,cur,cour跑，動(dòng)作current,occur,concurrence

dic,dict說(shuō)，示dictate,edit,indicate,predict

doc,doct教doctor,document

duc,duct引導(dǎo)、傳導(dǎo)introduce,produce,conduct

fact,fac,fect,dic,dit做，創(chuàng)造factory,effect,profit,faculty

fend,fens打，擊defense,offence

fer搬運(yùn)，轉(zhuǎn)移ferry,transfer,defer

fin,finit終、極final,finish,confine

firm堅(jiān)固firm,confirm,affirm

fix固定prefix,affix

flect,flex彎曲flexible,reflex

flor,flour,flower花flower,flourish

form形uniform,formula,transform,reform

forc,fort力，強(qiáng)度f(wàn)orce,enforce,effort

gen,genit生產(chǎn)，發(fā)生generate,generation

gram,graph書(shū)寫(xiě)，記錄telegram,diagram,photograph

grad,gress,gred,gree步，階段gradually,degree,progress

hab,habit,hibit保持，住inhabit,exhibit,prohibit

her,hes粘附adhere,cohesion

ject,jet拋射project,inject

jour日，一天journal,adjourn,journey

jug,junct結(jié)合，連合conjunction,junction

labour,labor勞動(dòng)，工作labourer,elabourate,collaborate

lect,leg,lig挑選，采集collect,select,lecture

lif,liv生活，生存life,alive

loc場(chǎng)所，位置location,dislocate

long,leng,ling長(zhǎng)的length,prolong,linger

loqu,locut說(shuō)話colloquial,eloquent

mand,mend命令command,demand,recommend

man,manu手，手法manage,manual

memor,member記憶memory,remember,memorial

mind,ment心mind,remind,mental

merc,merch貿(mào)易commerce,merchant

meas,mens,meter,metr測(cè)量，度量measure,meter,diameter

min小diminish,minority

miss,mit派遣，送mission,dismiss,transmit,missile

mob,mot,mov動(dòng)movement,motion,mobile,remove

nect,nex捆扎connect,disconnect,annex

not記號(hào)，注意note,denote,annotation

onom,onym名字synonym,autonym,anonymous

pair,par相同，對(duì)等compare準(zhǔn)備prepare

pel,puls追逐expel,impel

pend,pens,poud懸掛depend,independent,expense

phon聲音symphony,telephone,microphone

plac位置，場(chǎng)所place,replace

peopl,popul,publ人