國(guó)際關(guān)系學(xué)院翻譯碩士英語(yǔ)模擬真題試卷

國(guó)際關(guān)系學(xué)院翻譯碩士英語(yǔ)真題試卷(總分：132.00，做題時(shí)間：90分鐘)一、Vocabulary(總題數(shù)：30，分?jǐn)?shù)：60.00)1.Thegreatuseofaschooleducationisnotsomuchtoteachyouthings______toteachyoutheartoflearning.

（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）

A.but

B.nor

C.as

√

D.like解析：解析：本題考查固定結(jié)構(gòu)。notsomuch…as…為固定結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“與其說(shuō)……，不如說(shuō)……”。句意：學(xué)校教育主要作用與其說(shuō)是教授你知識(shí)，不如說(shuō)是教授你學(xué)習(xí)之道。2.Allflights______,wedecidedtotakeagreyhound.

（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）

A.werecanceled

B.hadbeencanceled

C.havingcanceled

D.havingbeencanceled

√解析：解析：本題考查獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。逗號(hào)后沒(méi)有連詞提醒，本空應(yīng)填非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，故首先排除[A]項(xiàng)和[B]項(xiàng)?？账诓糠诌壿嬛髡Z(yǔ)為Allnights，而句子主語(yǔ)是we，所以是考查獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。nights與cancel之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故選[D]項(xiàng)，因而排除[C]項(xiàng)。3.Thiscompanyhasnowintroducedapolicy______payrisesarerelatedtoperformanceatwork.

（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）

A.which

B.where

√

C.whether

D.what解析：解析：本題考查定語(yǔ)從句。分析空前后句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，主要成份均完整，中間也沒(méi)有連詞，故本空所填詞應(yīng)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，所以首先排除[C]項(xiàng)和[D]項(xiàng)。which雖引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)，故也排除。題干中，company為定語(yǔ)從句先行詞，定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系副詞用where，故答案為[B]項(xiàng)。4.TheAmericanbusinessmanhaddifficultyattimesworkingwithhislocalcounterpartsinGuangdongProvince,forhecouldspeak______CantonesethanMandarin.

（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）

A.nomore

√

B.notmore

C.noless

D.notless解析：解析：本題考查固定結(jié)構(gòu)。nomore…than…意為“……與……都不，同……一樣不”，相當(dāng)于neither…nor…，含有消極、否定意味。than前后兩部分在意義上都是否定。notmore…than意為“不及……，不如……”，是more…than否定表示。表示程度上差異。noless…than…意為“與……一樣，不比……差”，強(qiáng)調(diào)二者具備同等性。notless…than意為“不比……更”，是less…than否定表示。依照前面分句中haddifficulty…workingwith…GuangdongProvince可知，這位美國(guó)商人粵語(yǔ)和普通話說(shuō)得都不好，故答案為[A]項(xiàng)。5.Hecameintothemanager'soffice______thathewasdismissed.

（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）

A.onlytobetold

√

B.beingtold

C.inordertobetold

D.telling解析：解析：本題考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。動(dòng)詞不定式用來(lái)表示結(jié)果，尤其是表示不曾料想或不希望發(fā)生動(dòng)作時(shí)，可在前加only。分析句子可知，他走進(jìn)經(jīng)理辦公室后，應(yīng)該是被通知，故用動(dòng)詞不定式被動(dòng)式，所以答案為[A]項(xiàng)。6.Thenewdirectormadeitclearthathisstaffwerenottoacceptgiftsfromclients,______.

（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）

A.betheyjewelryorfootballtickets

√

B.theyarejewelryorfootballtickets

C.whetherarejewelryorfootballtickets

D.nomatterarejewelryorfootballtickets解析：解析：本題考查讓步狀語(yǔ)從句倒裝。由whether引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中，假如謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是be，此時(shí)whether省略，主謂語(yǔ)顛倒，此時(shí)動(dòng)詞必須用be，沒(méi)有些人稱、數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)改變，故答案為[A]項(xiàng)。7.Theterriblediseaseissaid______thenumber-onekillerofbothmenandwomenoverthepastfewyearsinthatregion.

（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）

A.being

B.tobe

C.tohavebeen

√

D.havingbeen解析：解析：本題考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。besaidtodo是固定結(jié)構(gòu)，由句中時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)overthepastfewyears可知，動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前，故應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞不定式完成式作賓語(yǔ)，故答案為[C]項(xiàng)。8.______yourtimelyadvice,Iwouldneverhaveknownhowtogoaboutthework.

（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）

A.Unless

B.Butfor

√

C.Exceptfor

D.Notfor解析：解析：本題考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣在含蓄條件中使用方法。此使用方法中，假設(shè)情況不是用一個(gè)條件句來(lái)表示，而是隱含在諸如without，butfor，butthat等組成短語(yǔ)或句子中，或由連詞but，副詞otherwise，以及比較級(jí)等表示上下文中。所以，依照題意和語(yǔ)法規(guī)則，Butfor為最好答案。9.Thedoctor______amedicineforthechild'sstomachpains.

（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）

A.described

B.subscribed

C.prescribed

√

D.inscribed解析：解析：本題考查動(dòng)詞辨析。依照句意可知，醫(yī)生(thedoctor)應(yīng)給病人開(kāi)藥(amedicine)符合語(yǔ)義，故答案為prescribed，意為“開(kāi)處方，給醫(yī)囑”。described意為“描寫(xiě)、形容，敘述，描繪、作圖”。subscribed意為“認(rèn)、捐贈(zèng)，簽署，題詞，署名，認(rèn)購(gòu)，訂閱，訂購(gòu)”。inscribed意為“雕、刻，題寫(xiě)、題獻(xiàn)”。10.The______familyinChinesecitiesnowspendsmoremoneyonhousingthanbefore.

（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）

A.normal

B.average

√

C.usual

D.general解析：解析：本題考查形容詞辨析。normal意為“正?！?，即使有時(shí)也可意為“日常，普通”，但強(qiáng)調(diào)是達(dá)成正常水平，與abnormal(不正常)相對(duì)。average在本句中表示“普通，通常”，強(qiáng)調(diào)通常水平或普通水準(zhǔn)。usual意為“日常，通常，慣常”，強(qiáng)調(diào)習(xí)慣性、常見(jiàn)、不稀奇。general意為“普通，普遍"時(shí)，強(qiáng)調(diào)是影響關(guān)于事物大多數(shù)，具備大多數(shù)特征，故答案為[B]項(xiàng)。句意：中國(guó)城市普通家庭現(xiàn)在在住房上消費(fèi)比以前多。11.Pricesare______tovariationwithoutnotice.

（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）

A.possible

B.trendy

C.likely

D.subject

√解析：解析：本題考查形容詞辨析。possible意為“可能，可接收，合理、能夠允許”，慣用于bepossibletodosth．(做某事是可能)結(jié)構(gòu)。trendy意為“時(shí)髦”。likely意為“可能，適合，有希望”，慣用于belikelytodosth．(可能做某事)結(jié)構(gòu)。subject意為“可能受……影響，易遭受……”，慣用于besubjecttosth．結(jié)構(gòu)。句意為：價(jià)格若有變動(dòng)，不再另行通知。依照本空后tovariation可排除[A]項(xiàng)和[C]項(xiàng)，依照句意可排除[B]項(xiàng)。12.Becarefulwhenyoutalktoyourboss.Heisinaverybad______today.

（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）

A.motive

B.mood

√

C.mind

D.notion解析：解析：本題考查名詞辨析。motive意為“動(dòng)機(jī)，目標(biāo)，原因”。mood意為“情緒，心情，氣氛，氣氛”，inabadmood是固定使用方法，意為“心情不好”，故答案為[B]項(xiàng)。mind意為“頭腦，心思，大腦，智慧”。notion意為“觀念，信念，了解”。13.Thegovernmenthasallocatedtenmillionpoundstothetsunami-______area.

（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）

A.sticken

B.stricken

√

C.stuck

D.striked解析：解析：本題考查形容詞辨析。英文中沒(méi)有sticken，直接排除。stricken意為“遭受……；受災(zāi)”，與tsunami-連用后表示“遭受海嘯”。依照空前allocated(撥……(給))和tsunami(海嘯)判斷，政府應(yīng)該是給海嘯受災(zāi)地域撥款，故答案為[B]項(xiàng)。stuck意為“被……困?。幌萦凇鴦?dòng)不了；被……難?。徊恢搿?。沒(méi)有striked這個(gè)詞。14.Thebranchescouldhardly______theweightofthefruit.

（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）

A.retain

B.sustain

√

C.maintain

D.remain解析：解析：本題考查動(dòng)詞辨析。retain意為“保留，保持，持有，繼續(xù)擁有”。sustain意為“支撐，支持”。maintain意為“維護(hù)，保持，堅(jiān)持，撫養(yǎng)”。remain意為“逗留，剩下，遺留，繼續(xù)存在”。依照空前branches和空后weight判斷，應(yīng)該是樹(shù)枝無(wú)法承受果實(shí)重量，故答案為[B]項(xiàng)。15.Herspeechesarefullof______witandwarmth.

（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）

A.captivating

√

B.captivated

C.captive

D.captured解析：解析：本題考查形容詞辨析。captivating意為“迷人，有魅力，有吸引力”。captivated意為“(以某種感染力)吸住，迷惑住，征服”，為動(dòng)詞captivate過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞。caprive意為“被監(jiān)禁，被關(guān)起來(lái)”。captured意為“捕捉，拍攝，奪取，攻奪”，為動(dòng)詞capture過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞。依照空后witandwarmth可知需要形容詞修飾，故首先排除[B]項(xiàng)和[D]項(xiàng)。能夠形容speeches形容詞只能是captirating，故為答案。16.AftertheterroristattacksinEurope,he______theideaofgoingtoSpainforaholiday.

（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）

A.gavein

B.dismissed

√

C.missed

D.struck解析：解析：本題考查動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ))辨析。givein意為“讓步，屈服，投降，上交”；dismiss意為“(從頭腦中)去除，不再考慮”，dismisstheideaof…為固定搭配，意為“打消(做某事)念頭”，符合語(yǔ)義，故為答案。miss意為“錯(cuò)過(guò)；思念，思念”。strike意為“罷工；擊；攻擊；打”。17.Heaskedfor$5,000in______fortheinjuryhesufferedintheaccident.

（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）

A.damages

√

B.losses

C.damage

D.loss解析：解析：本題考查名詞辨析。loss意為“損失”，通常指財(cái)產(chǎn)損失。damage意為“損壞”，通常指客觀事物破壞、損傷。damages意為“損害賠償(金)”，即對(duì)一個(gè)人所受損害賠償。losses意為“損失額(金)”。依照空前$5，000和空后theinjury判斷，本空應(yīng)表示受傷后賠償金，故選[A]項(xiàng)。18.Unfortunately,mostpublicplacesaresimplynotgeared______theneedsofpeoplewithdisabilities.

（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）

A.with

B.for

C.to

√

D.at解析：解析：本題考查介詞辨析。begearedto／towards是固定搭配，意為“使適合；適應(yīng)……需要”，后接名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞，故答案為[C]項(xiàng)。19.Asolarcelltakesradiationfromthesunand______itintoelectricity.

（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）

A.alters

B.modifies

C.shapes

D.converts

√解析：解析：本題考查動(dòng)詞辨析。alters意為“改變，更改，修改(衣服使更合身)，改建(房屋)”。modifies意為“修飾；調(diào)整；緩解”。shapes意為“塑造，使成為……形狀(樣子)”。convens意為“轉(zhuǎn)換、可轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)椤?。依照句意判斷，?yīng)該是將太陽(yáng)能轉(zhuǎn)換成電，故答案為[D]項(xiàng)。20.Hisconstructiveproposalforimprovingtheprogramis______ofourattention.

（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）

A.worth

B.worthy

√

C.worthwhile

D.worthless解析：解析：本題考查固定搭配。beworthyofsth．為固定搭配，意為“值得做某事”，故答案為[B]。beworthyof相當(dāng)于bewonhdoingsth．或beworthwhiletodosth．。worthless意為“無(wú)價(jià)值，不值錢(qián)，沒(méi)用處”。21.AgoodEnglishlearnerissupposedto______alargevocabulary.

（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）

A.command

√

B.order

C.control

D.lead解析：解析：本題考查動(dòng)詞辨析。command意為“擁有，掌握”，commandalargevocabulary意為“掌握大量詞匯”，是固定使用方法，故為答案[A]項(xiàng)。order意為“命令；整理；訂貨”。control意為“指揮，控制，掌管，支配”。lead意為“造成；領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，引導(dǎo)；牽”。22.Thegovernmenthaslaunchedseveralcampaignstocrack______onpirating.

（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）

A.up

B.in

C.down

√

D.for解析：解析：本題考查介詞辨析。分析句子可知，本題要求填入適宜介詞與動(dòng)詞crack和介詞on組成搭配。crackup意為“(精神)瓦解”。crackdownon意為“打擊，鎮(zhèn)壓，制裁”。依照空后pirating(侵害版權(quán)者；盜版者)可知，答案應(yīng)為[C]項(xiàng)。23.Traditionallypeoplebelievedthatobesityresultedfromovereatingonly.Today,however,manydoctorsbelievethatitisa(n)______ofgenes.

（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）

A.affair

B.matter

√

C.thing

D.object解析：解析：本題考查名詞辨析。It'samatterofsth．是固定句型，意為“這是……問(wèn)題”，故答案為[B]項(xiàng)。24.Weweresopoorinthosedaysthatthewholefamilyhadonlyone______andwereashamedofbeingseen.

（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）

A.clothes

B.clothing

C.garment

√

D.costume解析：解析：本題考查名詞辨析。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都有“衣服，服裝”之意。clothes是普通用詞，多指包含上衣、內(nèi)衣或褲子等詳細(xì)一件件衣服。clothing是慣用詞，為集合名詞，是衣服總稱。garment語(yǔ)氣莊重，正式用詞，復(fù)數(shù)形式可與clothes換用，指身上全部穿著；單數(shù)形式指單件衣服，尤指長(zhǎng)袍、外套等外面衣服。costume指流行于某一地域或某一時(shí)代服裝。分析句子可知，此處表示全家人只有一件衣服，故答案為[C]項(xiàng)。25.Everybodysaysthathetakes______hisgrandfather,withhisbigfleshynosethattakes______toomuchspaceonhisface.

（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）

A.to;up

B.after;up

√

C.of;off

D.from;away解析：解析：本題考查介詞辨析。分析句子可知，本題要求填入適宜介詞與動(dòng)詞take搭配。taketo意為“喜歡，習(xí)慣于……；開(kāi)始從事”。takeup意為“開(kāi)始從事，著手處理；占(地方)；費(fèi)(時(shí)間)；占據(jù)”。takeafter意為“(在外表、舉止、性格方面)像(某家庭組員)”。takeoff意為“起飛，急忙離開(kāi)，脫下”。takefrom意為“減去，減損，降低”。takeaway意為“拿走，奪走，使離開(kāi)，使消失，消除(病痛等)”。分析句子可知，第一空由空后hisgrandfather判斷，應(yīng)表示“長(zhǎng)得像他祖父”，第二空由空后toomuchspace判斷，應(yīng)表示“占據(jù)空間”，故答案為[B]項(xiàng)。26.Seeingtheclosetonfire,hemadeafutileattempttosavethepaintingsfromtheflames.Theunderlinedwordprobablymeans______.

（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）

A.prompt

B.frenzied

C.frantic

D.useless

√解析：解析：本題考查形容詞詞義了解。依照畫(huà)線詞前面onfire和后面attempt(嘗試)判斷，試圖將那些畫(huà)從大火中搶救出來(lái)是徒勞之舉，故答案為[D]項(xiàng)。useless意為“無(wú)益，無(wú)用，徒勞”。prompt意為“靈敏，及時(shí)，快速”。frenzied意為“狂亂，狂暴，瘋狂似”。frantic意為“(因恐懼、焦慮等)發(fā)瘋似，發(fā)狂，慌亂不安，擔(dān)心紛亂”。27.Herparentskeepheronashort______,althoughshehasturned20.

（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）

A.leash

√

B.lash

C.blush

D.lush解析：解析：本題考查名詞辨析。leash意為“(牽狗)皮帶，鏈條”。lash意為“抽打，鞭端皮條，鞭梢”。blush意為“(因難堪、慚愧)面部泛起紅暈”。lush意為“醉漢”。keepsb．onashortleash是固定搭配，意為“對(duì)某人看得很緊”，故答案為[A]項(xiàng)。28.Thisisawidely______bookowingtoitsinsightfulunderstandingofthesubject.

（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）

A.exclaimed

B.claimed

C.reclaimed

D.acclaimed

√解析：解析：本題考查形容詞辨析。exclaimed意為“呼叫，驚叫，大聲說(shuō)”，是exclaim過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞。claimed意為“要求(應(yīng)得權(quán)利)，聲稱，需要，奪走”，是claim過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞。reclaimed意為“再生，翻造，收復(fù)，回收”。acclaimed意為“備受推崇，廣受歡迎”。依照空前副詞widely和空后名詞book首先排除[A]項(xiàng)和[B]項(xiàng)。依照空后insightfulunderstanding(深刻了解)判斷，[C]項(xiàng)不符合語(yǔ)義，故答案為[D]項(xiàng)。29.DoctorsrecommendVitaminCforkeepingcolds______bay.

（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）

A.to

B.for

C.in

D.at

√解析：解析：本題考查介詞辨析。keepsb．／sth．a(chǎn)tbay是固定搭配，意為“使……不能靠近，預(yù)防……侵襲”。分析句意可知，維生素C能夠遠(yuǎn)離感冒，故答案為[D]項(xiàng)。30.Normallyheisrather______,butsometimeshetalksfreelyabouthimself.

（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）

A.reserved

√

B.informal

C.peaceful

D.sociable解析：解析：本題考查形容詞辨析。reserved意為“緘默寡言”，依照轉(zhuǎn)折連詞but和talksfreely(侃侃而談)可知，符合語(yǔ)義，故為答案。informal意為“不拘禮節(jié)，友好隨便”，與后面轉(zhuǎn)折連詞but邏輯不符。peaceful意為“和平；平靜”，反義詞是violent和noisy，不能和talksfreely形成反差。sociable意為“好交際；友善”。二、ReadingComprehension(總題數(shù)：10，分?jǐn)?shù)：70.00)Thetemperatureofthesunisover5,000degreesFahrenheitatthesurface,butitrisestoperhapsmorethan16milliondegreesatthecenter.Thesunissomuchhotterthantheearththatmattercanexistonlyasagas,exceptatthecore.Inthecoreofthesun,thepressuresaresogreatagainstthegasesthat,despitethehightemperature,theremaybeasmallsolidcore.However,noonereallyknows,sincethecenterofthesuncanneverbedirectlyobserved.Solarastronomersdoknowthatthesunisdividedintofivelayersorzones.Startingattheoutsideandgoingdownintothesun,thezonesarethecorona,chromosphere,photosphere,convectionzoneandfinallythecore.Thefirstthreezonesareregardedasthesun'satmosphere.Butsincethesunhasnosolidsurface,itishardtotellwheretheatmosphereendsandthemainbodyofthesunbegins.Thesun'soutermostlayerbeginsabout10,000milesabovethevisiblesurfaceandgoesoutwardformillionsofmiles.ThisistheonlypartofthesunthatcanbeseenduringaneclipsesuchastheoneinFebruary1979.Atanyothertime,thecoronacanbeseenonlywhenspecialinstrumentsareusedoncamerasandtelescopestoshutouttheglareofthesun'srays.Thecoronaisabrilliant,pearlywhite,filmylight,aboutasbrightasthefullmoon.Itsbeautifulraysareasensationalsightduringaneclipse.Thecorona'sraysflashoutinabrilliantfanthathaswispyspikelikeraysnearthesun'snorthandsouthpoles.Thecoronaisthickestatthesun'sequator.Thecoronaraysaremadeupofgasesstreamingoutwardattremendousspeedsandreachingatemperatureofmorethan2milliondegreesFahrenheit.Theraysofgasthinoutastheyreachthespacearoundtheplanets.Bythetimethesun'scoronaraysreachtheEarth,theyareweakandinvisible.（分?jǐn)?shù)：12.00）(1).Matteronthesuncanexistonlyintheformofgasbecauseofthesun's______.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）

A.size

B.age

C.location

D.temperature

√解析：解析：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。依照題干中Matter和gas將本題出處定位于文章第一段第二句。該句提到，太陽(yáng)比地球酷熱得多，因而除了太陽(yáng)關(guān)鍵，物質(zhì)只能以氣體形式存在。由此可知，太陽(yáng)上物質(zhì)以氣體形式存在是因?yàn)樘?yáng)溫度，故答案為[D]項(xiàng)。(2).Thesecondparagraphismainlyconcernedwith______.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）

A.howthesunevolved

B.thestructureofthesun

√

C.whyscientistsstudythesun

D.thedistanceofthesunfromtheplanets解析：解析：主旨大意題。第二段介紹太陽(yáng)由外至內(nèi)是由日冕層、色球?qū)印⒐馇驅(qū)?、?duì)流層和關(guān)鍵五個(gè)部分組成。由此可知，第二段主要關(guān)于太陽(yáng)結(jié)構(gòu)，故答案為[B]項(xiàng)。(3).Allofthefollowingarepartsofthesun'satmosphereEXCEPTthe______.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）

A.corona

B.chromosphere

C.photosphere

D.core

√解析：解析：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。依照題干中atmosphere將本題出處定位于文章第二段第三句。該句提到，日冕層、色球?qū)雍凸馇驅(qū)訉儆谔?yáng)大氣。由此可知，關(guān)鍵不屬于太陽(yáng)大氣，故答案為[D]項(xiàng)。(4).Theword"glare"inthepassageprobablymeans______.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）

A.strongheat

B.harmfuleffect

C.brightunpleasantlight

√

D.endlesswarmth解析：解析：詞義了解題。依照題干中g(shù)lare將本題出處定位于文章第三段。該段提到，日食時(shí)候能看到日冕，其余時(shí)候，只有在相機(jī)和望遠(yuǎn)鏡上使用特殊儀器，遮住日光“glare”，才能觀察到日冕。由此推測(cè)，glare在此指是刺眼光，故答案為[C]項(xiàng)。(5).Accordingtothepassage,asthecoronaraysreachtheplanets,theybecome______.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）

A.hotter

B.clearer

C.thinner

√

D.stronger解析：解析：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。依照題干中coronarays和reachtheplanet將本題出處定位于文章最終一段最終一句。該句提到，日冕光線抵達(dá)地球時(shí)就已經(jīng)變?nèi)跚铱床坏搅?，[C]項(xiàng)對(duì)原文中weakandinvisible同義轉(zhuǎn)述，故為答案。(6).Whichofthefollowingdotheparagraphsfollowingthepassagemostlikelydiscuss?（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）

A.Theremaininglayersofthesun.

√

B.Theevolutionofthesuntoitspresentform.

C.TheeclipseofFebruary1979.

D.Thescientistswhostudyastronomy.解析：解析：推理判斷題。第二段提到太陽(yáng)是由日冕層、色球?qū)?、光球?qū)印?duì)流層和關(guān)鍵五個(gè)部分組成，接著第三至五段介紹了日冕層，由此推斷，下文最有可能繼續(xù)介紹太陽(yáng)其余幾個(gè)組成部分。故答案為[A]項(xiàng)。Seeingthewreckforthefirsttime,underthegreatarcofasunnyskyonthatlevelshore,Iwasinitiallyimpressedbyitsremoteness.Herewasthefocusofthoseweeksofdiscussion,ofseeminglyendlesscarefulplanning:aslightlyprojecting,elongatedoutline.Thewarmthofthedaymeantthatmanyholiday-makerswereabout,andourequipmentrapidlyattractedthemtothesite,unmistakablewithitsbrilliantorangemarker,eachattachedtoasteelpost.Thesepostsmarkedoffthefourcornersofourworkingarea,andwerelinkedbyaropetokeepitclearofcurioussightseers.Manystructuralfeaturesofthewreckwhichwouldnormallyhavebeenvisiblewereobscuredbythesand,whichwasnotonlyrightuptobutevenabovetheuppergundeck.Wewenttoworkimmediatelywhenthefirstlowtidemadeastartpossible,andsetupourbasicsurveylinerunningdownthemiddleofthewreckfrombowtostern.Aswesetaboutmeasuringthesidesoftheshipintheirrelationtosurveyline,the"Amsterdam"emergedasavesselofsubstance,andmoresowhenthemembersoftheteamhadscouredheragedtimbersfreefrommusselshellsandseaweed.Allthisactivityattractedanincreasingnumberofsightseers,whoseinterestwasnaturalandwelcome,sincethemorepeoplewhoweremovedtounderstandwhatwewereabout,thebetteritwasforarchaeologyingeneralandforthefuturepreservationofthe"Amsterdam"inparticular.However,therewerealsopredatorysouvenirhunterswhoweremostdisappointedbyourmerelytakingelaboratemeasurements,withnoapparentintentionofdiggingupmoreobjects.（分?jǐn)?shù)：12.00）(1).Seeingthewreckofthe"Amsterdam",theauthorwasimpressedby______.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）

A.itsapparentisolation

√

B.itsaccessibilityfromtheshore

C.thecrowdsofpeopleroundit

D.theeffectofitsoutlineagainstthesky解析：解析：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。依照題干中seeingthewreck和wasimpressedby將本題出處定位于文章第一段第一句。該句提到，作者第一次見(jiàn)到阿姆斯特丹號(hào)沉船殘骸時(shí)，首先留下深刻印象是它年代久遠(yuǎn)。題干中seeingthewreck和，wasimpressedby為文中信息再現(xiàn)，其后內(nèi)容為本題答案依據(jù)。remoteness意為“偏僻，遙遠(yuǎn)”。[A]項(xiàng)較準(zhǔn)確地表示了原文意思，故答案為[A]項(xiàng)。(2).Accordingtothepassage,theholiday-makersonthebeachwere______.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）

A.confinedwithinaroped-offarea

B.confinedtotheupperpartofthewreck

C.keptwellawayfromtheorangemarkers

D.discouragedfromenteringtheroped-offarea

√解析：解析：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。依照題干中holiday-makers將本題出處定位于文章第二段第一句。該段提到，施工范圍四角插著有橙色標(biāo)志鋼桿，用繩子圈起來(lái)，以阻擋好奇觀光者。[D]項(xiàng)是對(duì)原文同義轉(zhuǎn)述，故為答案。(3).Theword"obscured"inthepassageprobablymeans______.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）

A.madeclearer

B.madelessclear

√

C.obtained

D.filled解析：解析：詞義了解題。依照題干中obscured將本題出處定位于第三段第一句。該句提到，沉船殘骸在正常情況下本應(yīng)可見(jiàn)結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)被沙子“obscured”，這些沙子不但抵達(dá)了炮甲板，甚至沒(méi)過(guò)了它。由此推測(cè)，“obscured”指本應(yīng)可見(jiàn)東西變得看不清了，即“使變得含糊”，故答案為[B]項(xiàng)。(4).Wearetoldthatworkonthewreckwasmadedifficultby______.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）

A.theslopeofthebeach

B.theheightoftheship

C.thenumberofholiday-makers

√

D.thevolumeofthesand解析：解析：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。第二段提到，溫暖天氣意味著大批度假者到來(lái)，而“我們”設(shè)備會(huì)快速將他們吸引到殘骸所在地，考古人員設(shè)置了繩索預(yù)防他們進(jìn)入施工范圍，由此可知，大量度假者會(huì)加大沉船上工作難度，故答案為[C]項(xiàng)。(5).Thepassagesuggeststhatthe"Amsterdam"hadbeena______.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）

A.submarine

B.warship

√

C.fishingboat

D.passengerliner解析：解析：推理判斷題。第三段第一句中g(shù)undeck(炮甲板)推斷阿姆斯特丹號(hào)是一艘軍艦，故答案為[B]項(xiàng)。(6).Thepassagesuggeststhat"I"wasmostlikelya(n)______.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）

A.reporter

B.archaeologist

√

C.tourist

D.beachkeeper解析：解析：推理判斷題。文章最終一段提到，越多人了解到“我們”從事事業(yè)并為之感動(dòng)，對(duì)整個(gè)考古學(xué)和未來(lái)“阿姆斯特丹號(hào)”保留越有好處。據(jù)此推測(cè)，作者是一名考古工作者，故答案為[B]項(xiàng)。Nineteenth-centuryassociationisttheoriesassumedthatthemindfunctionsintermsofassociation,formingsetsofconceptsandexperiences.Associationistsarguedthatmentalcontentscouldbestudiedbynotingthelinksofsimilarity,contrastandproximitywhichexistinanindividual'sthoughtandbehaviorpatterns.Pavlov'snotionofconditioningisitselfbaseontheassociationisttheorythatonestimulusbecomesassociatedwithanother.Ifabellisrungeachtimeadogisgivenfood,thedogwillbecomeconditionedtosalivateonhearingthebellring,despitetheabsenceoffood.Firstusedtoinvestigatethedifferencesincognitivestyles,word-associationtestsbecameasensitiveinstrumentforthedetectionofemotionalconcerns.Inaword-associationtest,asubjectispresentedwithalistofabout100wordsasstimuli.Eachwordischosenbythetesterandthesubjectisrequiredtorespondwiththefirstwordthatcomesintohisorhermindonhearingthestimulusword.Thetesternotesthesubject'sresponsetimeforeachofthewordswiththeuseofachronometer.Itisarguedthatifthesubjectisemotionallyindifferenttoastimulusword,theresponsetimeforthereactionisveryshort.If,ontheotherhand,thestimuluswordcarriesemotionalsignificanceforthesubject,theresponsetimeislikelytobesignificantlylonger.Inaddition,reactionstosignificantwordsmayalsoincludehesitation,stuttering,involuntarymovementorothersymptomsofdisturbance.Jung,whousedword-associationtestsintheearlypartofhiscareer,showedthatfamilymembers,inparticularmothersanddaughtersandhusbandsandwives,exhibitedsimilarresponsestothesamestimuluswords.Hearguedthatthisindicatedafailuretoachieveindividuationandwasindicativeofthepotentiallynegativedynamicsthatexistinfamilyrelationships.InatestcarriedoutbyDonaldD.Jaffe,apioneerofword-associationtests,asubjectwasobservedtoexhibitdelayanddisturbanceinresponsetothewords"friend","bottle",and"fight".Jaffesuggestedthatthesubjecthadbeeninvolvedinadrunkenfightwithafriendinwhichawindowhadbeenbroken.Thesubjectadmittedthatsuchanexperiencehad,indeed,takenplaceandthatthefriendhadaskedthesubjecttopayforthedamagesresultingfrominjurieshehadreceived.（分?jǐn)?shù)：12.00）(1).Associationisttheories______.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）

A.wereusefulonlyforstudyinghowpeoplethink

B.werefirstusedbyJunginword-associationtests

C.formedthebasisforPavlov'snotionofconditioning

√

D.wereusedtoassessaperson'svocabulary解析：解析：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。依照題干中Associationisttheories將本題出處定位于文章第一段。第一段第三句提到，巴甫洛夫調(diào)整概念本身就是基于聯(lián)想主義理論，[C]項(xiàng)是對(duì)原文同義轉(zhuǎn)述，故為答案。(2).Accordingtothepassage,achronometerisadevicetomeasure______.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）

A.time

√

B.facialexpressions

C.voice

D.associationbetweenwords解析：解析：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。依照題干中chronometer將本題出處定位第三段最終一句。該句提到，chronometer用于統(tǒng)計(jì)每位研究對(duì)象反應(yīng)時(shí)間，故答案為[A]項(xiàng)。(3).Inaword-associationtest,______canbesignificant.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）

A.thetimeofresponse

B.thewordprovidedbyasubject

C.facialexpressionsofthesubjectonhearingtheword

D.alloftheabove

√解析：解析：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。依照題干中significant將本題出處定位于文章第四段。第四段第二、三句提到，假如刺激詞對(duì)研究對(duì)象具備情感意義，反應(yīng)時(shí)間很可能顯著延長(zhǎng)。另外，對(duì)主要詞語(yǔ)反應(yīng)還包含猶豫、口吃、無(wú)意識(shí)動(dòng)作或者其余干擾征兆。由此可知，[A]項(xiàng)、[B]項(xiàng)和[C]項(xiàng)在詞聯(lián)想測(cè)驗(yàn)中都具備主要意義，故答案為[D]項(xiàng)。(4).AccordingtoJung,______.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）

A.thefatherandthedaughterinafamilyrespondedquitedifferentlytoawordstimulus

B.thesimilarityoftheresponsesinafamilyindicatedthatthefamilymembersgotonwellwitheachother

C.thesimilarityoftheresponsesinafamilyindicatedthatchildreninthefamilywerenotcapableofindividualthinking

√

D.ifmembersinafamilyrespondedsimilarlytoawordstimulus,thefamilywasgoingtobreakup解析：解析：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。依照題干中Jung將本題出處定位于文章第五段。該段提到，榮格經(jīng)過(guò)詞聯(lián)想測(cè)試發(fā)覺(jué)，一些母女和夫妻對(duì)相同刺激詞給出相同反應(yīng)。他認(rèn)為這表明未能實(shí)現(xiàn)個(gè)性化，且暗示著家庭關(guān)系中存在潛在負(fù)面動(dòng)力。[C]項(xiàng)是對(duì)原文同義轉(zhuǎn)述，故為答案。[A]項(xiàng)和[D]項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有，故排除。[B]項(xiàng)與文義相悖，故排除。(5).Jaffe'sexperimentshowsthat______.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）

A.theword-associationtestisverypowerful

√

B.word-associationtestscanbeusedonlyforassessingunpleasantexperiences

C.thesubjectwasanaggressiveman

D.thefriendwasrightinaskingthesubjecttopayfortheinjuries解析：解析：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。依照題干中Jaffe將本題出處定位于文章最終一段。該段提到，在賈菲進(jìn)行一次詞聯(lián)想測(cè)試中，研究對(duì)象在聽(tīng)到詞語(yǔ)“朋友”“瓶子”和“打架”時(shí)回應(yīng)表現(xiàn)出延遲和困擾。賈菲認(rèn)為研究對(duì)象曾酒后與朋友打架，還打壞了窗戶。研究對(duì)象認(rèn)可確實(shí)發(fā)生過(guò)這么事。這個(gè)例子表現(xiàn)了詞聯(lián)想測(cè)試有效性，故答案為[A]項(xiàng)。[B]項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有，故排除，[C]項(xiàng)屬于過(guò)分推斷，故排除。文中僅提到研究對(duì)象朋友要求他賠償受傷損失，沒(méi)有評(píng)價(jià)這個(gè)要求對(duì)錯(cuò)，故排除[D]項(xiàng)。(6).Thepassagemainlytalksaboutthesignificanceofword-associationtestsinassessing______.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）

A.people'scognitivestyles

B.people'semotionalconcerns

√

C.people'spotentialsforatask

D.familyrelationships解析：解析：主旨大意題。文章第二段提到，詞聯(lián)想測(cè)試最初用于研究認(rèn)知方式不一樣，日后成為探測(cè)情感關(guān)注靈敏儀表。接著第三至五段介紹了利用詞聯(lián)想測(cè)試探測(cè)情感關(guān)注方法并舉例進(jìn)行說(shuō)明。由此可知，本文主要討論詞聯(lián)想測(cè)試用于評(píng)定人們情感關(guān)注主要性，故答案為[B]項(xiàng)。Whenwefeelstressed,ouradrenalglandsreleaseapeptidecalledCortisol.OurbodyrespondswithCortisolwhetheritfacesphysical,environmental,academic,oremotionaldanger.Thistriggersastringofphysicalreactionsincludingdepressionoftheimmunesystem,tensingofthelargemuscles,blood-clotting,andincreasingbloodpressure.It'stheperfectresponsetotheunexpectedpresenceofasable-toothedtiger.Butinschool,thatkindofresponseleadstoproblems.ChronicallyhighCortisollevelsleadtothedeathofbraincellsinthehippocampus,whichiscriticaltoexplicitmemoryformation.Thesephysicalchangesaresignificant.StanfordscientistRobertSapolskyfoundthatatrophylevelsinthehippocampusofVietnamveteranswithPTSD(post-traumaticstressdisorder)rangedfrom8to24percentabovethecontrolgroup.Chronicstressalsoimpairsastudent'sabilitytosortoutwhat'simportantandwhat'snot.JacobsandNadel(1985)suggestthatthinkingandmemoryareaffectedunderstress.Thebrain'sshort-termmemoryandabilitytoformlong-termmemoriesareinhibited.Thereareotherproblems.Chronicstressmakesstudentsmoresusceptibletoillness.Inonestudy,studentsshowedadepressedimmunesystemattesttime;theyhadlowerlevelsofanimportantantibodyforfightinginfection.Thismayexplaintheviciousacademiccycle;moreteststressmeansmoresickness,whichmeanspoorhealthandmissedclasses,whichcontributetolowertestscores.Astressfulphysicalenvironmentislinkedtostudentfailure.Crowdedconditions,poorstudentrelationships,andevenlightingcanmatter.OptometristRayGottliebsaysthatschoolstresscausesvisionproblems.Thatinturnimpairsacademicachievementandself-esteem.Hesaysthat,typically,astressedchildwillconstrictbreathingandchangehowheorshefocusestoadapttothestress.Thispatternhurtslearningintheshortandlongrun.Understress,theeyesbecomemoreattentivetoperipheralareasasanaturalwaytospotpredatorsfirst.Thismakesitnearlyimpossibletotrackacrossapageofprint,stayingfocusedonsmallareasofprint.（分?jǐn)?shù)：12.00）(1).WhatdoesNOTCortisoldo?（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）

A.Itleadstothedeathofbraincell.

B.Itcausesthereleaseofadrenalglandsblood-clotting.

C.Itpreparesonefortheattackofsaber-toothedtigers.

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D.Itaffectsone'simmunesystem.解析：解析：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。第一段第四句提到，皮質(zhì)醇引發(fā)一系列生理反應(yīng)在突然碰到劍齒虎時(shí)是適合，并不是說(shuō)它能使人準(zhǔn)備好迎接劍齒虎攻擊，故[C]項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤，為答案。第一段最終一句提到，皮質(zhì)醇水平長(zhǎng)久高會(huì)引發(fā)海馬體內(nèi)腦細(xì)胞死亡，由此可排除[A]項(xiàng)。第一段第三句提到，皮質(zhì)醇引發(fā)一系列生理反應(yīng)，免疫系統(tǒng)衰退、大肌群擔(dān)心、凝血和血壓升高。由此可知，[B]項(xiàng)和[D]項(xiàng)正確，給予排除。(2).StressdoesNOTusuallyresultin______.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）

A.loweratrophylevels

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B.impairedabilitytodistinguishwhatisimportantandwhatisnot

C.weakenedthinking

D.inhibitedabilitytoformshortandlong-termmemories解析：解析：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。第二段第二句以患有創(chuàng)傷后應(yīng)激障礙越戰(zhàn)老兵為例，指出他們海馬體萎縮程度比對(duì)照組高8％至24％，由此可知，壓力會(huì)加深萎縮程度，故[A]項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤，為答案。第二段第三句提到，長(zhǎng)久壓力會(huì)損害學(xué)生區(qū)分事情主要是否能力，由此排除[B]項(xiàng)。第二段最終兩句提到，思索和記憶會(huì)受壓力影響，大腦短時(shí)記憶和形成長(zhǎng)時(shí)記憶能力會(huì)受到抑制，由此可排除[C]項(xiàng)和[D]項(xiàng)。(3).Whichofthefollowingstatementsisverypossiblywrong?（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）

A.Peopleunderchronicstressgetilleasily.

B.Peopleunderchronicstresshavemoreantibodythananaverageperson.

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C.Themoreteststressyouhave,thelowertestscoresyoumighthave.

D.Teststressmayproducebettertestscores.解析：解析：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。第三段第二、三句提到，長(zhǎng)久壓力使學(xué)生更易生病，學(xué)生在考試期間免疫系統(tǒng)衰退，他們體內(nèi)一個(gè)抗感染主要抗體降低，由此可知，[A]項(xiàng)正確而[B]項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤，故答案為[B]項(xiàng)。第三段最終一句提到，考試壓力越大意味著生病多，生病多意味著健康情況差而缺課多，進(jìn)而造成考試成績(jī)差，由此可知[C]項(xiàng)正確，故排除。[D]項(xiàng)為強(qiáng)干擾項(xiàng)，文中雖提到考試壓力輕易造成成績(jī)差，但這并不是絕正確，無(wú)法否定考試壓力帶來(lái)好成績(jī)可能性，而題干問(wèn)是“很可能錯(cuò)誤”，故排除[D]項(xiàng)。(4).WhenwouldoneverypossiblyNOTfeelstressful?（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）

A.Whentherearefewpeoplearound.

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B.Whenyoudonothavemanyfriends.

C.Whenyouareinverybrightlight.

D.Whenyoureadabookofsmallprint.解析：解析：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。第四段第一、二句提到，充滿壓力物理環(huán)境與學(xué)業(yè)失敗關(guān)于，與擁擠環(huán)境、不良同學(xué)關(guān)系、甚至照明都關(guān)于系。由此可知，周?chē)松賾?yīng)該不會(huì)造成壓力，故答案為[A]項(xiàng)。(5).RayGottliebisspecializedin______.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）

A.stressstudies

B.lightstudies

C.studiesofhumaneyes

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D.educationstudies解析：解析：推理判斷題。依照題干中RayGottlieb將本題出處定位于第四段第三句。該句提到RayGottlieb表示學(xué)校壓力會(huì)造成視力問(wèn)題，下文詳細(xì)進(jìn)行解釋?zhuān)岬綁毫顟B(tài)下人眼看事物改變，據(jù)此推測(cè)，他專(zhuān)業(yè)是研究人眼睛，故答案為[C]項(xiàng)。(6).WhenRayGottliebsaysthatschoolstresscausesvisionproblems,hemeansthat______.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）

A.stressleadstoshort-sightednessofstudents

B.stressaffectsstudents'breathing

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C.stressleadstofailuretospotpredators

D.stressdeviatesstudents'focusofattention解析：解析：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。第四段第五句提到，壓力大孩子通常會(huì)控制呼吸而且改變眼睛聚焦方式來(lái)適應(yīng)壓力，[B]項(xiàng)是對(duì)原文中astressedchildwillconstrictbreathing同義轉(zhuǎn)述，故為答案。[A]項(xiàng)和[D]項(xiàng)文中沒(méi)有提及，故排除。第四段第七句提到，壓力下眼睛更關(guān)注周?chē)?，就像本能地首先發(fā)覺(jué)捕食者，而不是說(shuō)壓力會(huì)造成不能發(fā)覺(jué)捕食者，故排除[C]項(xiàng)。WhatishappeningintheUnitedStatestodayistrulyastonishing.Inasocietythatpridesitselfonitspreferenceforfactsoverhearsay,onitsopennesstoresearch,andonitsrespectfor"expert"opinion,parents,educators,administrators,andlegislatorsareignoringthefacts,theresearch,andtheexpertopinionabouthowyoungchildrenlearnandhowbesttoteachthem.Allacrossthecountry,educationalprogramsintendedforschool-agedchildrenarebeingappropriatedfortheeducationofyoungchildren.Insomestates(forexample,NewYork,Connecticut,andIllinois)educationaladministratorsareadvocatingthatchildrenenterschoolatagefour.Manykindergartenprogramshavebecomefull-daykindergartens,andnursery-schoolprogramshavebecomepre-kindergartens.Moreover,manyofthesekindergartenshaveintroducedcurricula,includingworkpapers,oncereservedforfirst-gradechildren.Andinbooksaddressedtoparentsanumberofwritersareencouragingparentstoteachinfantsandyoungchildrenreading,math,andscience.Whenweinstructchildreninacademicsubjects,orinswimming,gymnastics,orballet,attooearlyanage,wemiseducatethem;weputthematriskforshort-termstressandlong-termpersonalitydamagefornousefulpurpose.Thereisnoevidencethatsuchearlyinstructionhaslastingbenefits,andconsiderableevidencethatitcandolastingharm.Why,then,areweengaginginsuchunhealthypracticesonsovastascale?Likeallsocialphenomena,thecontemporarymiseducationoflargenumbersofinfantsandyoungchildrenderivesfromthecomingtogetherofmultipleandcomplexsoci