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Chapter7
MultimediaNetworkingComputerNetworking:ATopDownApproachFeaturingtheInternet,
3rdedition.
JimKurose,KeithRoss
Addison-Wesley,July2004.
17:MultimediaNetworkingMultimedia,QualityofService:Whatisit?Multimediaapplications:networkaudioandvideo(“continuousmedia”)networkprovidesapplicationwithlevelofperformanceneededforapplicationtofunction.QoS27:MultimediaNetworkingChapter7:GoalsPrinciplesClassifymultimediaapplicationsIdentifythenetworkservicestheappsneedMakingthebestofbesteffortserviceMechanismsforprovidingQoSProtocolsandArchitectures
Specificprotocolsforbest-effortArchitecturesforQoS37:MultimediaNetworkingChapter7outline7.1MultimediaNetworkingApplications7.2Streamingstoredaudioandvideo7.3Real-timeMultimedia:InternetPhonestudy7.4ProtocolsforReal-TimeInteractiveApplications
RTP,RTCP,SIP7.5DistributingMultimedia:contentdistributionnetworks7.6BeyondBestEffort7.7SchedulingandPolicingMechanisms7.8IntegratedServicesandDifferentiatedServices7.9RSVP47:MultimediaNetworkingMMNetworkingApplicationsFundamentalcharacteristics:Typicallydelay
sensitiveend-to-enddelaydelayjitter
Butlosstolerant:infrequentlossescauseminorglitchesAntithesisofdata,whicharelossintolerantbutdelaytolerant.ClassesofMMapplications:1)Streamingstoredaudioandvideo2)Streamingliveaudioandvideo3)Real-timeinteractiveaudioandvideoJitteristhevariabilityofpacketdelayswithinthesamepacketstream57:MultimediaNetworkingStreamingStoredMultimediaStreaming:mediastoredatsourcetransmittedtoclientstreaming:clientplayoutbeginsbeforealldatahasarrivedtimingconstraintforstill-to-betransmitteddata:intimeforplayout67:MultimediaNetworkingStreamingStoredMultimedia:
Whatisit?1.videorecorded2.videosent3.videoreceived,playedoutatclientCumulativedatastreaming:atthistime,clientplayingoutearlypartofvideo,whileserverstillsendinglaterpartofvideonetworkdelaytime77:MultimediaNetworkingStreamingStoredMultimedia:InteractivityVCR-likefunctionality:clientcanpause,rewind,FF,pushsliderbar10secinitialdelayOK1-2secuntilcommandeffectOKRTSPoftenused(morelater)timingconstraintforstill-to-betransmitteddata:intimeforplayout87:MultimediaNetworkingStreamingLiveMultimediaExamples:InternetradiotalkshowLivesportingeventStreamingplaybackbufferplaybackcanlagtensofsecondsaftertransmissionstillhavetimingconstraintInteractivityfastforwardimpossiblerewind,pausepossible!97:MultimediaNetworkingInteractive,Real-TimeMultimediaend-enddelayrequirements:audio:<150msecgood,<400msecOKincludesapplication-level(packetization)andnetworkdelayshigherdelaysnoticeable,impairinteractivitysessioninitializationhowdoescalleeadvertiseitsIPaddress,portnumber,encodingalgorithms?applications:IPtelephony,videoconference,distributedinteractiveworlds107:MultimediaNetworkingMultimediaOverToday’sInternetTCP/UDP/IP:“best-effortservice”noguaranteesondelay,lossToday’sInternetmultimediaapplicationsuseapplication-leveltechniquestomitigate(asbestpossible)effectsofdelay,lossButyousaidmultimediaappsrequiresQoSandlevelofperformancetobeeffective!???????????117:MultimediaNetworkingHowshouldtheInternetevolvetobettersupportmultimedia?Integratedservicesphilosophy:
FundamentalchangesinInternetsothatappscanreserveend-to-endbandwidthRequiresnew,complexsoftwareinhosts&routersLaissez-fairenomajorchangesmorebandwidthwhenneededcontentdistribution,application-layermulticastapplicationlayerDifferentiatedservicesphilosophy:FewerchangestoInternetinfrastructure,yetprovide1stand2ndclassservice.What’syouropinion?127:MultimediaNetworkingAfewwordsaboutaudiocompressionAnalogsignalsampledatconstantratetelephone:8,000samples/secCDmusic:44,100samples/secEachsamplequantized,i.e.,roundede.g.,28=256possiblequantizedvaluesEachquantizedvaluerepresentedbybits8bitsfor256valuesExample:8,000samples/sec,256quantizedvalues-->64,000bpsReceiverconvertsitbacktoanalogsignal:somequalityreductionExampleratesCD:1.411MbpsMP3:96,128,160kbpsInternettelephony:5.3-13kbps137:MultimediaNetworkingAfewwordsaboutvideocompressionVideoissequenceofimagesdisplayedatconstantratee.g.24images/secDigitalimageisarrayofpixelsEachpixelrepresentedbybitsRedundancyspatialtemporalExamples:MPEG1(CD-ROM)1.5MbpsMPEG2(DVD)3-6MbpsMPEG4(oftenusedinInternet,<1Mbps)Research:Layered(scalable)videoadaptlayerstoavailablebandwidth147:MultimediaNetworkingChapter7outline7.1MultimediaNetworkingApplications7.2Streamingstoredaudioandvideo7.3Real-timeMultimedia:InternetPhonestudy7.4ProtocolsforReal-TimeInteractiveApplications
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