系統(tǒng)解剖學課件 前庭蝸器

前庭蝸器（位聽器、耳）Generalfeatures

ThreepartsExternalear外耳:collectssoundwavesMiddleear中耳:transmitssoundwavesInternalear內耳:containsthevestibulocochlearorganconcernedwithequilibrationandhearingExternalear外耳Auricle耳廓Externalacousticmeatus

外耳道Auricle耳廓

Externalacousticmeatus

外耳道

AslendercanalthatextendsfromexternalacousticporetotympanicmembraneTwopartsCartilaginouspart－lateral1/3Bonypart－medial2/3Linedbyalayerofthinskin.ThisS-shapedpassagemedially,atfirstforwardandupward,thenbackwardand,finallyforwardanddownward.Middleear中耳

Tympaniccavity鼓室Auditorytube咽鼓管Mastoidantrum

乳突竇andmastoidcells乳突小房Tympaniccavity鼓室Anair-containingcavitylocateswithinpetrousportionoftemporalboneWalls

RoofFloorlateralwallMedialwallPosteriorwall

AnteriorwallWallsRoofortegmentalwall鼓室蓋壁

formedbytegmentympani,separatestympaniccavityfrommiddlecranialfossaFloororjugularwall頸靜脈壁separatesthecavityfromsuperiorbulbofinternaljugularveinAnteriorwallorcarotidwall頸動脈壁separatestympaniccavityfromcarotidcanal,superiorlyliestwoopenings:UpperopeningfortensortympanimuscleLoweropeningforauditorytube,whichcommunicateswithnasopharynxPosteriorwallormastoidwall乳突壁AditusofmastoidantrumPyramid錐隆起lateralwallormembranouswall

膜壁－tympanicmembranewithepitympanicrecesssuperiorlyTympanicmembrane鼓膜

AthinovalmembraneTwopartsFlaccidpart松弛部:upper1/4Tensepart緊張部:lower3/4Umbooftympanicmembrane鼓膜臍Coneoflight光錐Medialwallorlabyrinthinewall

迷路壁Promontory

岬Fenestra

vestibuli

前庭窗Fenestracochleae

蝸窗coveredbysecondarytympanicmembrane第二鼓膜Prominenceoffacialcanal

面神經管凸Auditoryossicles

聽小骨Consistsofchainofthreebones:Malleus

錘骨

Incus

砧骨

Stapes鐙骨

ArticulatebysynovialjointsTransmitvibrationoftympanicmembranetofootplateofstapesinfenestravestibule.Musclesofauditoryossicles

Tensortympani鼓膜張肌Stapedius

鐙骨肌Auditorytube咽鼓管About3~4cmlong,extendsfromnasopharynx

posteriorly,laterally,andupwardtotympaniccavityTwopartsBonypart:posterolateral1/3Cartilaginouspart:medial2/3FunctionstoequalizeairpressureoneithersideoftympanicmembraneInchildhood,itisshorter,widerandmorehorizontalthaninadultMastoidantrum

乳突竇andmastoidcells乳突小房

Mastoidantrum乳突竇:asmallchamberbetweentympaniccavityandmastoidcellsMastoidcells乳突小房:containagroupofaircellswithinmastoidprocessoftemporalboneInternalear內耳

GeneralfeaturesLieswithinthepetrousportionoftemporalboneKeycontentsofinternalearBonylabyrinth骨迷路

containsperilymph

Membranouslabyrinth膜迷路isfilledwithendolymphandcontainsthesensoryorgansBonylabyrinth骨迷路

Cochlea耳蝸

Vestibule前庭Bonysemicircularcanals

骨半規(guī)管Vestibule前庭HollowbonyspaceContainsutricle橢圓囊andsaccule

球囊SemicircularductineachCanalatrightanglestoeachotherDilatedampullaineachcanal，calledbonyampullar

骨壺腹Bonysemicircularcanals

骨半規(guī)管(anterior,posterior,andlateral)posteriorlyCochlea耳蝸Itsomewhatresemblesasnail’sshellConsistsofModiolus

蝸軸Cochlearspiralcanal

蝸螺旋管makestwoandone-halfspinalturnsaroundthemodiolus

Osseousspirallamina

骨螺旋板Scala

vestibuli

前庭階Scalatympani鼓階Membranouslabyrinth膜迷路

Cochlearduct蝸管Utricleandsaccule

橢圓囊和球囊Semicircularducts膜半規(guī)管Cochlearduct蝸管Containsspinalorgan螺旋器(ofCorti),thesoundreceptorsliesontympanicwallofcochlearductUtricleandsaccule

橢圓囊和球囊Containmacularutricli

橢圓囊斑andmacularsacculi

球囊斑,endorgansofbalance,whichrespondtolinearaccelerationanddeceleration,staticofgravitySemicircularducts膜半規(guī)管Eachducthasamembranousampullae

膜壺腹Containingcrista

ampullaris

壺腹嵴,receptorsofbalancethatrespondtorotationalaccelerationinthreedifferent