數(shù)據(jù)頻率分布列聯(lián)表和假設(shè)檢驗(yàn)

ChapterXVFrequencyDistribution,Cross-Tabulation,andHypothesisTestingChapterXV

ChapterOutline1)Overview2)FrequencyDistribution3)StatisticsAssociatedwithFrequencyDistributioni.MeasuresofLocationii.MeasuresofVariabilityiii.MeasuresofShape4)IntroductiontoHypothesisTesting5)AGeneralProcedureforHypothesisTesting

6)Cross-Tabulationsi.TwoVariableCaseii.ThreeVariableCaseiii.GeneralCommentsonCross-Tabulations7)StatisticsAssociatedwithCross-Tabulationi.Chi-Squareii.PhiCorrelationCoefficientiii.ContingencyCoefficientiv.Cramer’sVv.LambdaCoefficientvi.OtherStatistics

8)Cross-TabulationinPractice

9)HypothesisTestingRelatedtoDifferences10)ParametricTestsi.OneSampleii.TwoIndependentSamplesiii.PairedSamples11)Non-parametricTestsi.OneSampleii.TwoIndependentSamplesiii.PairedSamplesRESPONDENT

SEXFAMILIARITYINTERNET ATTITUDETOWARD

USAGEOFINTERNETNUMBER USAGE Internet TechnologyShoppingBanking

1 1.00 7.00 14.00 7.00 6.00 1.00 1.002 2.00 2.00 2.00 3.00 3.00 2.00 2.003 2.00 3.00 3.00 4.00 3.00 1.00 2.004 2.00 3.00 3.00 7.00 5.00 1.00 2.005 1.00 7.00 13.00 7.00 7.00 1.00 1.006 2.00 4.00 6.00 5.00 4.00 1.00 2.007 2.00 2.00 2.00 4.00 5.00 2.00 2.008 2.00 3.00 6.00 5.00 4.00 2.00 2.009 2.00 3.00 6.00 6.00 4.00 1.00 2.0010 1.00 9.00 15.00 7.00 6.00 1.00 2.0011 2.00 4.00 3.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 2.0012 2.00 5.00 4.00 6.00 4.00 2.00 2.0013 1.00 6.00 9.00 6.00 5.00 2.00 1.0014 1.00 6.00 8.00 3.00 2.00 2.00 2.0015 1.00 6.00 5.00 5.00 4.00 1.00 2.0016 2.00 4.00 3.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 2.0017 1.00 6.00 9.00 5.00 3.00 1.00 1.0018 1.00 4.00 4.00 5.00 4.00 1.00 2.0019 1.00 7.00 14.00 6.00 6.00 1.00 1.0020 2.00 6.00 6.00 6.00 4.00 2.00 2.0021 1.00 6.00 9.00 4.00 2.00 2.00 2.0022 1.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 4.00 2.00 1.0023 2.00 3.00 2.00 4.00 2.00 2.00 2.0024 1.00 7.00 15.00 6.00 6.00 1.00 1.0025 2.00 6.00 6.00 5.00 3.00 1.00 2.0026 1.00 6.00 13.00 6.00 6.00 1.00 1.0027 2.00 5.00 4.00 5.00 5.00 1.00 1.0028 2.00 4.00 2.00 3.00 2.00 2.00 2.0029 1.00 4.00 4.00 5.00 3.00 1.00 2.0030 1.00 3.00 3.00 7.00 5.00 1.00 2.00InternetUsageDataTable15.1FrequencyHistogramFigure15.123456707432165FrequencyFamiliarity8SkewnessofaDistributionFigure15.2SkewedDistributionSymmetricDistributionMeanMedianMode(a)MeanMedianMode(b)FormulateH0andH1StepsInvolvedinHypothesisTestingFig.15.3SelectAppropriateTestCollectDataandCalculateTestStatisticDetermineProbabilityAssociatedwithTestStatisticChooseLevelofSignificanceDrawMarketingResearchConclusionRejectorDonotRejectH0DetermineCriticalValueofTestStatisticTSCRDetermineifTSCRfallsinto(Non)RejectionRegionComparewithLevelofSignificance,

ProbabilitiesofTypeI&TypeIIErrorFigure15.499%ofTotalAreaCriticalValueofZ

=15

=17

=0.01

=1.645Z

=-2.33Z

ZZ95%ofTotalArea

=0.05UnshadedArea=0.0336ProbabilityofzwithaOne-TailedTestFig.15.5ShadedArea=0.9664z=1.830HypothesisTestsDistributionsABroadClassificationofHypothesisTestsTestsofAssociationTestsofDifferencesMedian/RankingsMeansProportionsFigure15.6FrequencyDistributionofFamiliaritywiththeInternetTable15.2GenderandInternetUsageTable15.3

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