熱點03長江流域酷熱天氣與抗旱-備戰(zhàn)2023年中考英語熱點話題解讀關(guān)鍵能力強化專練

備戰(zhàn)2023年中考英語熱點話題解讀+關(guān)鍵能力(題型)強化專練熱點03長江流域酷熱天氣與抗旱今年7月以來，受持續(xù)高溫天氣影響，四川、重慶、湖北、湖南、江西、安徽六省市先后出現(xiàn)不同程度旱情，對農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)和飲水安全造成一定影響。目前，長江流域多省市都陸續(xù)啟動相應(yīng)級別的抗旱應(yīng)急響應(yīng)。根據(jù)氣象水文預測，長江流域大部分地區(qū)將持續(xù)高溫少雨天氣。6月中旬以來，長江流域降水由偏多轉(zhuǎn)為偏少，其中，6月下旬偏少2成，7月偏少3成多，尤其是長江下游干流及鄱陽湖水系偏少5成左右，為近10年同期最少。長江委水文局長江水文情報預報中心水情室主任張俊：當前，由于來水偏少，長江上游大部分控制性水庫蓄水量偏少，長江中下游干流水位也呈持續(xù)消退態(tài)勢，較歷史同期大幅偏低，如漢口、大通等主要站水位當前偏低5—6米。據(jù)預測，8月中下旬長江流域降水仍將偏少，其中長江中下游干流南部將明顯偏少。鑒于當前旱情，水利部長江委要求流域相關(guān)省市做好旱情監(jiān)測，及時發(fā)布預警，抓緊修訂完善應(yīng)急水量調(diào)度方案，有序做好抗旱水源儲備，同時強化水資源統(tǒng)一調(diào)度，加強水利工程和供水設(shè)施運行管護和排查，做好抗旱應(yīng)急物資和隊伍準備。據(jù)氣象水文預測，未來一周，包括湖北在內(nèi)的長江中下游地區(qū)可能出現(xiàn)夏伏旱。眼下，湖北全省的引調(diào)水工程正全線發(fā)力、抗擊旱情。目前，湖北全省約20%的地區(qū)出現(xiàn)了氣象干旱，湖北省水利部門除了調(diào)度水庫、泵站放水，還充分運用鄂北水資源配置工程抗旱。湖北省水利廳鄂北局調(diào)度運行部主任何永煜：目前整個調(diào)水量已經(jīng)達到了1.26億立方米，主要是向襄州、棗陽、廣水這些縣市進行供水。鄂北水資源配置工程是國家172項節(jié)水供水重大水利工程之一，今年正式全線試運行。截至目前，已保障了從十堰丹江口到孝感大悟56萬多人的飲用水以及沿線52.5萬畝農(nóng)田灌溉用水。位于荊州市的引江濟漢工程也正加大調(diào)水力度，守護“湖北糧倉”。目前，湖北全省水利工程每天引調(diào)水近2億立方米，其中沿長江、漢江泵站日均引水5700萬立方米。按照先生活、后生產(chǎn)、再生態(tài)的原則，千方百計滿足群眾生活飲水和農(nóng)業(yè)灌溉用水需求。自7月4日以來，重慶持續(xù)高溫，多地氣溫達40攝氏度以上，導致重慶33個區(qū)縣土壤干旱，當?shù)囟啻氩⑴e抗旱保供水。在重慶永川區(qū)五間鎮(zhèn)，持續(xù)的高溫給當?shù)?000多畝蔬菜帶來了不利影響。當?shù)赝ㄟ^微灌、微噴、遮陽網(wǎng)等設(shè)備，對蔬菜增濕、降溫，改善田間小氣候。在秀山縣龍鳳壩鎮(zhèn)小蘭村，多個飲用水源點斷流，當?shù)夭扇∩嫌嗡畮旆潘?、組織群眾尋找新水源點和組織義務(wù)送水隊送水等方式，多措并舉解決人畜飲水需求。連日來，受持續(xù)晴熱少雨等天氣因素影響，江西鄱陽湖水位繼續(xù)下降。截至昨天(8月12日)17時，鄱陽湖標志性水文站星子站水位降至10.67米，比去年同期低4.31米，湖區(qū)水體面積縮水至978平方公里。此外，撫州、吉安等29個縣(市、區(qū))出現(xiàn)重度及以上氣象干旱，預計今天，江西省中度及以上氣象干旱范圍將擴大至68個縣(市、區(qū))，國家防總針對江西已啟動抗旱應(yīng)急響應(yīng)，確保人飲安全，努力保障工農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)用水需求。今年7月以來，受長江上游來水減少和持續(xù)高溫少雨天氣影響，洞庭湖水位連續(xù)回落40余天，跌破24.50米的枯水水位。8月11日，在位于湖南岳陽的洞庭湖城陵磯水文站，15根記錄水位的標尺已有13根裸露在外，水文部門監(jiān)測到的數(shù)據(jù)顯示：當日上午8時，洞庭湖城陵磯站水位為24.12米，較歷年同期偏低4.28米，預計未來一周，在無有效降雨影響下，洞庭湖城陵磯站水位將繼續(xù)保持下降趨勢，并造成洞庭湖北部部分支流和干渠出現(xiàn)斷流現(xiàn)象。為應(yīng)對旱情，岳陽市派出400名水利干部下到抗旱一線，指導群眾抗旱自救。為保障洞庭湖區(qū)居民正常生產(chǎn)生活，岳陽市相關(guān)部門采取開閘放水、取水補水等措施緩解旱情。(央視網(wǎng)|2022年08月13日)I.相關(guān)短語1.伏旱summerdrought【背景：SoaringtemperaturesandlittlerainfallhaveworsenedthedroughtintheNingxiaHuiandInnerMongoliaAutonomousRegions,aswellastheprovincesofGansu,GuizhouandHunan。(高溫和少雨天氣使寧夏回族自治區(qū)、內(nèi)蒙古自治區(qū)，以及甘肅、貴州和湖南等省的旱情進一步加劇。)】2.酷熱sizzling/severeheat3.烈日/驕陽scorchingsun4.炎炎夏日blisteringsummerday5.灼熱的太陽torridsun6.濕熱難耐的天氣sultryweather7.升溫heatup8.悶熱stiflinglyhot9.濕熱hotandhumid10.干熱hotanddry11.連續(xù)高溫天氣hotspell12.高溫病heat-relatedillnesses13.抗熱的/耐熱的heat-resistant14.桑拿天saunadays15.汗流浹背bebathed/soakedwithsweat16.高溫預警heatalert17.消暑beattheheat18.避暑escapetheheat19.中暑getheat-stroke/sunstroke20.曬傷/曬黑sunburn/gottan21.水資源短缺watershortage22.抗旱droughtrelief23.人工降雨artificialprecipitationoperations24.氣象部門meteorologicaldepartments25.熱浪heatwave26.避暑勝地summerresort27.避暑藥apreventiveagainstsunstroke28.最高溫度maximumtemperatures29.絕對溫度absolutetemperature30.室溫/常溫roomtemperature31.抗熱的/耐熱的heat-resistant32.乘涼enjoythecoolair33.空調(diào)airconditioning34.汗流浹背bebathed/soakedwithsweat35.急救emergencytreatments36.用電需求powerdemands37.應(yīng)急供電計劃emergencypower-supplyplan38.高溫黃色預警yellowalertforhightemperatures/yellow-codedheatalert39.冰塊icecubes40.攝氏度degreeCelsius41.華氏度degreeFahrenheit42.室外活動outdooractivities43.在陰涼處intheshade44.臨時避暑站temporarysheltersforpeopletoescapetheheat45.國家氣象中心NationalMeteorologicalCenterII.關(guān)于“天熱”的各種表達1.dogdays.三伏天。它是指夏天最熱的那些天。Ican'tstandthedogdaysofsummerwhicharereallyunbearable.我受不了三伏天了，實在太難受了。2.Thesunwasblazing.太陽正猛烈燃燒。BearGrylls,hewaslike“thesunisblazing,ihavegottofindsomewater”.貝爺當時說，太陽正熊熊燃燒，我必須找到水喝。3.fryeggsonthesidewalk.打個雞蛋在路面上都熟了。Anna：Andy,youcouldfryeggsonthesidewalktoday.安迪，天氣太熱了。Andy：Yeah,whatahotday.Ican'tgoadaywithoutanAC.是啊，熱的受不了，我沒有空調(diào)都沒法活。4.Iamleaking.熱得我都在滴水了。Iamleakingandicoulddowithacoldcoke.熱得我大汗淋漓，真想馬上要一杯凍可樂。5.Itisashotasinasauna.熱得像在蒸桑拿！一、閱讀理解1Terribleweathereventsareharmingtheplanet,andexpertswarnofevengreaterresultstocome.TheseaicelossandtheArcticicemelting(融化)causedbyclimatechangehaveincreasedmuchinthelasttenyears.Sotheyhavepusheddownthenumberofpolarbearsandsealswhilepolarbearsdependonseaiceforhuntingseals.AccordingtothedatafromtheWMO,temperaturesontheAntarctica(南極洲)justhit18.3℃,whichishigherthantherecordof17.59℃inMarch,2015.Moreover,temperaturesinthisareahavewarmedabout3℃overthelast50years.Althoughsuchtemperaturesmightbeconsideredpleasantforapicnicorahikingtrip,thisistheAntarcticawearetalkingabout.Itishometothemostinhospitableenvironmentontheplanetbecauseitissupposedtobeanextremelycoldplace.Infact,theaveragetemperatureofthecontinent’scentralareais-57℃.Besides,manyplacesareexperiencingtheextremeweatherthissummer.Australiaisundergoingitsworstdrought(干旱)sincethe1930s,leavingbushfiresburningsolongandcausingmanydeaths.MeanwhileinEurope,cropsinthenorthwestaresufferingthedriestweatherinthepast80years.RecentlyWestTexasinAmericahasalsogonethroughitsworstdroughtinmorethan70years,whilefloodshavehitEasternandSouthernChina.“Climatechangeisbadforushumanbeings,whichcausesdirecthealthproblems.I’mafraidtherewillbemorecommoneventsliketheonethat30,000to50,000personsdiedinEuropein2003duetotheheatwavethere,”ProfessorSchwartzsaid.“Itwillalsocausemoreairpollution,diseasesandlackofcleanwaterandsoon.”1.Whatdoesn’tbringdownthenumberofpolarbearsaccordingtothispassage?A.Hunting. B.Climatechange. C.Theseaiceloss. D.TheArcticicemelting.2.Whatcanwegetfromthispassage?A.TheAntarcticaispleasantforahikingtrip.B.ExtremeweatherledtowildfiresburninginEurope.C.Climatechangewillcauseairpollutionanddiseases.D.ThetemperaturesontheAntarcticahitthehighestinMarch,2015.3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“inhospitable”inParagraph2probablymean?A.Friendlytolive. B.Unfittolive. C.Comfortabletolive. D.Unhealthytolive.4.Whichplacedidn’texperiencedroughtthissummer?A.America. B.China. C.Australia. D.Europe.5.Whatisthemainideaforthispassage?A.Thewholeplanetisdrieranddrier.B.TheAntarcticaiswarmerandwarmer.C.Climatechangeisgettingworseandworse.D.Thenumberofpolarbearsissmallerandsmaller.2EveryyearonMarch22,WorldWaterDayfocusespeople’sattentionontheimportanceofwateracrosstheworld.In2018,thethemeis“NatureforWater”.Thisyear’stheme,“NatureforWater”,focusesonhownature-basedsolutions(NBS)canbeusedtohelpfixthewaterproblemsfacingmanypeopleandecosystems(生態(tài)系統(tǒng))atthepresenttime.Nature-basedsolutionsarewaysofmanagingplants,soilsandwetlands,includingriversandlakes,tohelpwiththemanagementofwateravailabilityandquality.Theywillnotsolvetheproblemofdrought(干旱)butshouldprovideeffectivewaysforimprovingwaterqualityandincreasingwatersupplies.AnythingthatincludespositivelyalteringnatureisanNBS.●Bringingbackforests,grasslandsandnaturalwetlandsBybringingbacknaturalecosystems,wecanhelptorebalancewaterlevelsaroundtheworld,benefittingbothhumansandecosystems;●ConnectingriverstofloodplainsagainIfproperlymanaged,naturalfloodplainscanprovidehelptowildlife,fishandpeoplebygivingthembothspaceandcleanwater;●BuildingsanddamsInverydryareas,suchasZimbabwe,sanddamsareusedtoincreasetheamountofwaterthatcanbestored,meaningthatfarmerscangrowmorecropsandpeoplecanhaveenoughdrinkingwater;●LandscaperestorationExcessivelogging(過度砍伐)inAlwar,India,hascausedextremelyseriousdroughts.Thegovernmenthasfocusedontheregenerationofforestsandsoils,whichhasnotonlyhelpedtheriverstorefillbutalsowildlife,suchasantelopesandleopards,toreturntothearea.6.Whatcanwelearnaboutthenature-basedsolutions?A.Theywillsuccessfullysolvetheproblemofdrought.B.Theymakeplants,soilsandwetlandstotallydifferent.C.Theycanimprovewaterqualityandincreasewatersupplies.D.Theycanhelpuslearnwhypeopleinhistoryfacedwaterproblems.7.Theunderlinedword“altering”isclosestinmeaningto“________”.A.changing B.creating C.increasing D.breaking8.Whyisitimportanttobringbacknaturalecosystems?A.Becausetheygivespacetobothwildlifeandfish.B.Becausetheyhelpincreasewaterlevelsaroundtheworld.C.Becausetheycansupplycleanwatertobothanimalsandhumans.D.BecausetheyhelpbringwaterlevelsaroundtheEarthbackintobalance.9.Thisarticleismostlikelya(n)________.A.advertisement B.speech C.newspaperarticle D.interview3EverymorningHannahGriffithsandherworkmateswalkedintotherainforestintheMaliauBasininBormeo,wheretheyhadsetupasetofexperimentstolookattheecologicaleffectsofsmallcreatures:termites.TermitesgetabumrapinUSA.Theyarethoughttomakethelossofbillionsofdollarseachyearbecausetheybiteupahugenumberofwoods.Andtheyareresponsibleforsomethinglike2%ofglobalcarbonemissions,simplybecauseoftheirhugepopulationsandtheirlikeforbitingthroughsomespecialmaterials.Peoplehatethemandaretryingtokillthem.Buttheyplayakeyroleinmanynaturalecosystems.Scientistshaveknownforyearsthatintropicalforests,termiteseatupfallenleavesanddeadwood.Theyhelpkeepthefallenmaterialundercontrol.Theyletnutrientsfromthedeadmaterialbackintothesystemtobeusedbyotherplants,insects,andanimals.Butscientistsdidn’tknowexactlyhowimportanttheinsectswereinkeepingtheforesthealthyandfunctional,sotheyremovedtermitesfromaparticularplaceintheforestandsawwhatwouldhappen.HannahGriffithsandherworkmatesstartedtheirexperiment.Itchancedthattheforestwashitbyanextremedroughtatthattime.Duringthenon-droughtyears,theysawtherewaswasn’tmuchdifferencebetweenthenormalplacesandtheoneswherethey’dremovedthetermites.butduringthedrought,theeffectswereeasytosee.Whattheyfoundwasunexpected:inthetermite-richareas,thesoilstayedslightlywet,moretreessprouted,andthesystemwasstillfullofactivityduringthelong,dryperiod.ForGriffiths,shethoughtthattheycouldpickouttherealimportanceoftermitestothesystemonlybecausetheyaccidentallystudiedtermitesduringthedrought.Shepointedout,An“Andthatringsalarmbellsinmyhead,”shesaid,“becauseitmakesmethink:whatelsedon’tweknow?Ifwestartdamagingbiologicalcommunities,whatwillhappen?Andwhatifaspeciesdiesout?”10.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“bumrap”underlinedinParagraph2?A.badimpression B.goodimage C.positiveinfluence D.speciallike11.Whathavescientistslearnedabouttermites?A.Theydoseriousharmtotropicalrainforests.B.Theyspeedupthelossofnutrientsintherainforest.C.Theyactasfoodforotherplants,insectsandanimals.D.Theydosomethinggoodtotheecosystemtheylivein.12.FromthefindingofGriffiths’experiment,wecaninferthattermites________A.helprainforestssurvivethedroughtB.enjoyentingtreesduringthedroughtC.preferdroughtyearstonon-droughtonesD.benefitmorefromtheforestduringthedrought13.Griffithsmightwanttotellus________A.termitesarenowindangerB.termitesdamagebiologicalcommunitiesC.weshouldthinktwicebeforedamagingaspeciesD.weshouldstudythedroughttoimprovethesystem4Terribleweathereventsareharmingtheplanet(星球，地球),andexpertswarnofevengreaterresultstocome.TheseaicelossandtheArctic(北極的)icemelting(融化)causedbyclimatechangehaveincreasedmuchinthelasttenyears.Sotheyhavepusheddownthenumberofpolarbears(北極熊)andsealswhilepolarbearsdependonseaiceforhuntingseals(海豹).AccordingtothedatafromtheWMO,temperaturesontheAntarctica(南極洲)justhit18.3℃,whichishigherthantherecordof17.59℃inMarch,2015.Moreover,temperaturesinthisareahavewarmedabout3℃overthelast50years.Althoughsuchtemperaturesmightbeconsideredpleasantforapicnicorahikingtrip,thisistheAntarcticawearetalkingabout.Itishometothemostinhospitableenvironmentontheplanetbecauseitissupposedtobeanextremelycoldplace.Infact,theaveragetemperatureofthecontinent’scentralareais-57℃.Besides,manyplacesareexperiencingtheextremeweatherthissummer.Australiaisundergoingitsworstdrought(干旱)sincethe1930s,leavingbushfires(叢林大火)burningsolongandcausingmanydeaths.MeanwhileinEurope,cropsinthenorthwestaresufferingthedriestweatherinthepast80years.RecentlyWestTexasinAmericahasalsogonethroughitsworstdroughtinmorethan70years,whilefloodshavehitEasternandSouthernChina.“Climatechangeisbadforushumanbeings,whichcausesdirecthealthproblems.I’mafraidtherewillbemorecommoneventsliketheonethat30,000to50,000personsdiedinEuropein2003duetotheheatwavethere,”ProfessorSchwartzsaid.“Itwillalsocausemoreairpollution,diseasesandlackofcleanwaterandsoon.”14.Whatdoesn’tbringdownthenumberofpolarbearsaccordingtothispassage?A.Hunting. B.Climatechange.C.Theseaiceloss. D.TheArcticicemelting.15.Whatcanyougetinthispassage?A.TheAntarcticaispleasantforahikingtrip.B.ExtremeweatherledtowildfiresburninginEurope.C.Climatechangewillcauseairpollutionanddiseases.D.ThetemperaturesontheAntarcticahitthehighestinMarch,2015.16.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“inhospitable”inParagraph2probablymean?A.Comfortabletolive B.FriendlytoliveC.Unhealthytolive D.Unfittolive17.Whatisthemainideaforthispassage?A.Thewholeplanetisdrieranddrier.B.TheAntarcticaiswarmerandwarmer.C.Climatechangeisgettingworseandworse.D.Thenumberofpolarbearsissmallerandsmaller.5Therearedesertplantswhichsurvivethedryseasonintheformofinactiveseeds.Therearealsodesertinsectswhichsurviveasinactivelarvae(幼蟲).Inaddition,difficultasitistobelieve,therearedesertfishwhichcansurvivethroughyearsofdroughtintheformofinactiveeggs.Thesearetheshrimps(蝦)thatliveintheMojaveDesert,anintenselydryregioninthesouth-westoftheUnitedStatewhereshadetemperaturesofover50℃areoftenrecorded.TheeggsoftheMojaveshrimpsarethesizeandhavetheappearanceofgrainsofsand.Whensufficientspringrainfallstoformalake,onceeverytwotofiveyears,theseeggshatch.Thenthewaterissoonfilledwithmillionsoftinyshrimpsaboutamillimeterlongwhichfeedontinyplantandanimalorganismswhichalsogrowinthetemporarydesertlake.Withinaweek,theshrimpsgrowfromtheiroriginal1millimetertoalengthofabout1.5centimeters.Throughoutthetimewhentheshrimpsarerapidlymaturing,thewaterinthelakeequallyrapidlyevaporates.Therefore,fortheshrimpsitisaraceagainsttime.Bythe12thday,however,whentheyareabout3centimeterslong,hundredsoftinyeggsformontheunderbodiesofthefemales.Usuallybythistime,allthatremainsofthelakeisalarge,muddypatchofwetsoil.Onthe13thdayandthenext,duringthefinalhoursoftheirbrieflives,theshrimpslaytheireggsinthemud.Then,havingensuredthattheirspecieswillsurvive,theshrimpsdieasthelastofthewaterevaporates.Ifsufficientrainfallsthenextyeartoformanotherlake,theeggshatch,andonceagaintheshrimpspassrapidlythroughtheircycleofgrowth,adulthood,egg-laying,anddeath.Someyearsthereisinsufficientraintoformalake;inthiscase,theeggswillremaindormantforanotheryear,orevenlongerifnecessary.Very,veryoccasionally,perhapstwiceinahundredyears,sufficientrainfallstoformadeeplakethatlastsamonthormore.Inthiscase,thespeciespassesthroughtwocyclesofgrowth,egg-laying,anddeath.Thus,onsuchoccasions,thespeciesmultipliesconsiderably,whichfurtherensuresitssurvival.18.WhichofthefollowingisthemostdistinctivefeatureofMojaveshrimps?A.Theyliveabriefandtoughlife.B.Theyfeedonplantandanimalorganisms.C.Theireggscansurviveyearsofdrought.D.Theylaytheireggsinthemud.19.Theword“dormant”(inPara4)mostprobablymeans________.A.inactive B.strong C.alert D.soft20.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.Appearanceandsizeareimportantfactorsforlifetosurviveinthedesert.B.Aspeciesmustbeabletomultiplyquicklyinordertosurviveinthedesert.C.Forsomespeciesonelifecycleinayearisenoughtosurvivethedesertdrought.D.Somespeciesdevelopauniquelifepatterntosurviveinsevereconditions.21.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTafact?A.TheeggsofMojaveshrimpsareassmallasthegrainsofseeds.B.Thewholecycleofgrowthoftheshrimpsisaraceagainsttime.C.Itisdifficulttobelievethattheseshrimpscansurvivedroughtsinthedesert.D.Theamountoftrainhasastrongimpactonthenumberoftheshrimps.22.Thepassagemainlydealswith________.A.thelifespanoftheMojaveshrimpsB.thesurvivalofdesertshrimpsC.thecreatureslivingintheMojavedesertD.theimportanceofwatertolifeinthedesert6GeneralTreatmenttoBurnsMovetheinjuredawayfromtheheatfirst.Checkthebreathingaswellasthesizeanddepthofburns.Washtheburntareawithrunningwatertoreducepain.Coverthewoundwithasterilized(消毒的)dressing.Heatstroke(中暑)Toavoidheatstroke,youshouldstoptiringactivitiesinhotweather.Ifyoustillgooutdoors,youshould:wearlightloose-fitting(寬松的)clothing.restinacoolplaceasoftenaspossible.drinkboiledwaterorfruitjuice.avoiddrinkssuchasmilk,wineandbeer.FirstAidtrainingSomepeoplegothroughtraininginordertoprovidefirstaidinpublicorathome,orotherplaceswherepeoplegettogether.Peopleperformingafirstaidroleareoftenexpectedtohaveahighleveloffirstaidtrainingandareoftenuniformed.Therearesomeorganizationsgivingfirstaidcoursesrecognizedbythelocalgovernment,suchastheRedCross.Whenyou’reatschoolorinanyplace,keepingsafeisthemostimportantthingforyoutodo.Firstaidistheimmediatecaregiventoapersonwhohasbeeninjuredorsuddenlyill,includingself-helpandhomecareifdoctorscan’tappearintime.Firstaidknowledgemeanslifeordeathduringanemergency(緊急的)situationsothatgreatestpossiblegoodmaybedoneforthegreatestnumberofpeople.23.Whendoweneedtogivefirstaid?A.Whendoctorsarrive. B.Beforedoctorsarrive.C.Afterdoctorsarrive. D.Whenpatientsareinthehospital.24.Ifsomeone’sarmisburntbyfire,youshould________.A.cuttheburntareaoffhisarm B.covertheburntareawithsometoothpasteC.avoidmovinghimawayfromtheheat D.puttheburntareaundersomerunningwater25.Whatmaycauseheatstrokeonahotday?A.Stayinginacoolplace. B.Drinkingboiledwaterorfruitjuice.C.Doingtiringoutdooractivities. D.Wearinglightloose-fittingclothing.26.Wherecanpeoplehavefirstaidcoursesaccordingtothepassage?A. B.C. D.27.Whatisthewriter’smainpurposeofwritingthepassage?A.Totellreadershowtogivefirstaid.B.Totellreadershowtoavoidheatstroke.C.Tointroducesomefirstaidtrainingcoursesandschools.D.Topraiseanorganizationthatisrelatedtofirstaidtraining.7Climate(氣候)changewillnotonlyincreasetheworld’saverage(平均)temperature,anditwillalsoincreasetheheatwaves(熱浪)thatareharmingpeopleandwildlifeevennow.Summertimeisquicklybecomingadangerousseasonforalllifeontheearth.Heatwaveshavealreadyproducedattractivedeathsinanimals.Heatstroke(中暑)fromsuche-ventsisalsoapresentdangerforpeople,especiallytheold.Heatwavescanalsohavemoreeffectsonthebodiesofanimals.Ifwildanimalsareexperiencingterriblyhightemperatures,althoughyouwon’tseedeath,youmightseechangesintheirbodiesthatshowthey’regettingclosetodeath.Bystudyingresponseslikethese,scientistscouldgetanearlywarningsignbeforeheatwavesstarttoproducemoreseriousresults.Someresearchdealswiththesekindsofresponsestomakepredictionsabouthowclimatechangewillhaveaninfluenceonhumans,animalsandecosystems.Asforwhenthiskindofeventswillhappenandjusthowterriblethey’llbe,predictionsaredifferent.Wecan’tsayit’sgoingtohappennextyear.ButifwecontinuegivingoffCO2likethis,bytheendofthiscentury,we’regoingtoseeheatwavesthatwillbemorepowerfulthanthosethathavekilledlargenumbersofpeopleandwildlife.Ascarbondioxide(CO2)andothergreenhousegases(氣體)keepinheatandraisetheearth’saveragetemperature,theheatwaveswillcomemoreoften.Climatechangeishavingagreatinfluenceontheearth.Scientistsarenowcallingforactiontodealwiththebadinfluenceofheatwavesontheplanet.28.Whatcanwelearnfromthefirstparagraph?A.Heatwavescanhelpdealwithclimatechange.B.Temperatureincreaseisrelatedtoclimatechange.C.Wildlifewon’tbeharmedbyheatwaves.29.Theunderlinedword“responses”means________inChinese.A.理論 B.動機 C.反應(yīng)30.Itcanbeinferredthatheatwavesinthefuturewill________.A.protectthepartsoftheearthwherehumansarelivingB.killmorepeopleandwildlifeifwedon’ttakeanyactionC.havenoinfluenceonhumans,animalsorecosystems31.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.Heatstroke(中暑)isapresentdangerforpeopleexcepttheold.B.Itwillbeeasierforhumansandanimalstoliveintheterriblyhotsummer.C.Predictionsabouttheinfluenceofclimatechangearevarious.32.Whichisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.TheInfluenceofClimate(氣候)Change.B.TheLivingAnimalsontheEarth.C.TheWaytoStoptheHeatwaves.二、完形填空Abottleofwatermaynotseemlikemuchtoyou,butthousandsofbottleswillbeofgreathelpforpeoplewholiveindrought-hit(遭受旱災)areasinChina.Lastautumn,therewas___33___raininSouthwestChina.Someplaces,especiallyinYunnan,Guangxi,Sichuan,Guizhou,___34___aseriousdrought.Cropsdied,thelandcracked(裂開),andwellandriversdriedup.Morethan20millionpeoplearehaving___35___infindingsafedrinkingwater.Afterlearningaboutthedrought,manypeoplearoundthecountry___36___water,moneyandotherthingstohelp.Lastweek,theCommunistYouthLeague(共青團員)andYoungPioneers___37___eachstudenttogiveonebottleofwatertothedrought-hitareas.Studentsinprimaryschoolandmiddleschools___38___joinedtheactivity.InYuhuaPrimarySchoolinXi’an,900studentsboughtover1,000bottlesofwaterwiththeirpocketmoney.Theyalsowrotetheir___39___onthebottles,“Ihopeyougetmorerainthere.Ihopeyouarehappy.”Abottleofwaterisn’tmuch,butthousandsofbottleswillbevery___40___.Theseriousdroughthasalsomadestudents___41___theimportanceofsavingwater.“Thechildrenindrought-hitareaswon’thaveenoughdrinkingwaterunlesswedosomethingtohelp,”saidonestudent.“Idecidetotakea___42___twiceaweektosavewater,”hesaid.33.A.much B.little C.small D.low34.A.solved B.experienced C.managed D.mentioned35.A.fun B.time C.trouble D.joy36.A.gaveaway B.gaveup C.gavein D.gaveoff37.A.setup B.heldup C.carriedon D.calledon38.A.slowly B.probably C.quickly D.hardly39.A.plans B.notes C.changes D.wishes40.A.helpful B.beautiful C.careful D.hopeful41.A.think B.realize C.promise D.regard42.A.message B.break C.walk D.shower三、短文綜合填空閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)語境、音標或單詞等提示，在每個空格內(nèi)填入一個適當?shù)膯卧~，使短文意思完整、行文連貫。Alongtimeago,therelivedaboynamedRodneyinthecountryside.Hewasvery___43___/?h?pi/withhisfamily.Buthishappinesscouldnotlast___44___alongtime.Rodneyandhisvillagersfacedadrought（干旱）.Theywaitedforrains____45____theskywasclear.Alltheplants,andevenanimalsstarteddying.Everyone___46___(be)worriedaboutit.Onenight,duringameetwithothervillagers,Rodneysaid,“Friends,weallheardstoriesfromourgrandparentsaboutanundergroundriver（地下河）____47____(run)throughourvillage.Whydon’twedig（挖）andsee?”Thevillagersstarteddiggingtogether.Theydugsohard____48____someofthemforgottosleep.Buttherewasstillnowater.They____49____/felt/sosad.Rodneykeptondigging.Hesaid,“Godishelpingandguidingmyway.”O(jiān)neday,whenhedugdeepenough,Rodneysawwater.Hisspirit（精神）ofnotgivingupsavedthewholevillage.“Nevergiveupso____50____(easy),”Rodneytoldallthevillagers.Fromthenon,theyarenever____51____/??:t/ofwater.Andwheneverthereare____52____(problem),allthevillagerswillworktogetherandhelpeachother.四、書面表達53.同學們，目前西南旱情十分嚴重，大家都非常關(guān)心災區(qū)人民的生活情況。請你用英語寫一篇80詞以上的短文（開頭句已給出，不計入總詞數(shù)），內(nèi)容包括：1.簡單描述目前災區(qū)的旱情（如：雨水不足、飲用水缺乏、樹木枯死、河流干涸，等等）；2.人們已經(jīng)為災區(qū)人民所做的事情；3.對災區(qū)的同齡朋友們說幾句話。參考詞匯：lackof（缺乏）Asweknow,thesouthwestofChinaissufferingfromseriousdrought(干旱)now.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________參考答案一、1【答案與解析】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了氣候變化正在危害著地球，這會導致一系列威脅人類生存與健康的問題。1.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“TheseaicelossandtheArcticicemelting(融化)causedbyclimatechangehaveincreasedmuchinthelasttenyears.Sotheyhavepusheddownthenumberofpolarbearsandsealswhilepolarbearsdependonseaiceforhuntingseals.”可知，氣候變化造成海上浮冰和北極冰川融化，而北極熊是靠海冰捕食海豹的，所以造成北極熊數(shù)量減少的原因不包括捕食，故選A。2.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Itwillalsocausemoreairpollution,diseasesandlackofcleanwaterandsoon.”可知，氣候變化將導致更多的空氣污染，疾病和水的缺乏等等，故選C。3.詞義猜測題。根據(jù)“becauseitissupposedtobeanextremelycoldplace”可知，因為它應(yīng)該是一個非常寒冷的地方，所以inhospitable在這里的意思是“不適宜居住的”，故選B。4.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段全段可知，澳大利亞、歐洲以及美國的西德克薩斯州都遭受了嚴重的干旱，而中國的東部和南部遭受了洪水，故選B。5.主旨大意題。本文主要講的是氣候變化對世界各地以及人類造成的危害，選項C“氣候變化越來越嚴重”符合主題，故選C。2【答案與解析】本文主要介紹了2018年世界水日的主題以及解決水資源問題的方法。6.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Theywillnotsolvetheproblemofdrought(干旱)butshouldprovideeffectivewaysforimprovingwaterqualityandincreasingwatersupplies.”可知，它們能改善水質(zhì)，并且增加供水。故選C。7.詞句猜測題。根據(jù)下文“Bringingbackforests,grasslandsandnaturalwetlands；Connectingriverstofloodplainsagain；Buildingsanddams；Landscaperestoration”可知，下文中提出的方法均是對大自然有益處的一些改變，所以劃線部分“altering”與“changing”意思相近。故選A。8.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Bybringingbacknaturalecosystems,wecanhelptorebalancewaterlevelsaroundtheworld,benefittingbothhumansandecosystems”可知，因為它們幫助地球周圍的水位恢復平衡，造福于人類和生態(tài)系統(tǒng)，所以恢復生態(tài)平衡很重要。故選D。9.推理判斷題。通讀全文可知，本文是一篇新聞報道，主要內(nèi)容與“世界水日”有關(guān)，所以這篇文章很可能是來自報紙的一篇文章。故選C。3【答案與解析】本文主要介紹了白蟻因為每年在美國吞噬數(shù)十億美元的房產(chǎn)而登上新聞頭條，它們的碳排放量約占全球的2%，人們想要殺死它們。但