2023屆陜西省渭南市高三下學(xué)期教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測（Ⅱ）英語試題 【含答案解析】

第1頁/共1頁渭南市2023年高三教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測(II)英語試題注意事項：1.本試卷由選擇題和非選擇題兩大部分組成，共12頁。選擇題包括第一、第二和第三部分第一節(jié);非選擇題為第三部分第二節(jié)和第四部分。全卷滿分150分?？荚囉脮r120分鐘。2.考生領(lǐng)到試卷后，須按規(guī)定在試卷上填寫姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號，并在答題卡上填涂對應(yīng)的信息點。3.所有答案必須在答題卡指定區(qū)域內(nèi)作答?？荚嚱Y(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第I卷(選擇題共100分)第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)做題時，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15B.￡9.18C.￡9.15答案是C.1.Howdoesthegirlfeelaboutjoiningtheteam?A.Surprised.B.Proud.C.Worried.2.WhatdidJanetdowithoutJim?A.Shecreatedsomenewclubs.B.Shestartedtheschoolstore.C.Shechangedthemealplan.3.Howlongdidthewoman’spassporttaketoarrive?A.7days.B.2weeks.C.3weeks.4.Whatwouldthemangotothefestivalfor?A.Theforeigners.B.Thecostumes.C.Thefood.5.Whatdoesthemansuggestthewomando?A.Praisethecoaches.B.Thankthesupporters.C.Talkaboutthesportsplayers.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題每小題5秒鐘;聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6至7題。6.Wheredidthewomanhearaboutthenewclassrooms?A.Fromanofficial.B.Fromtheheadmaster.C.Fromamathteacher.7.Whenwilltheannouncementprobablybemade?A.OnMonday.B.OnWednesday.C.OnFriday.聽第7段材料，回答第8至10題。8.Howdoesthegirlfeelaboutgivingspeeches?A.Lucky.B.Nervous.C.Afraid.9.Whydoesthegirlwanttospeakinfrontofthousandsofpeople?A.Togetmorecheers.B.Togethermessageout.C.Tobecomemorepopular.10.Whatwillthegirlprobablydointhefuture?A.Inspireothervoices.B.Becomeapolitician.C.Travelaroundtheworld.聽第8段材料，回答第11至13題。11.Wheredidthewomanfindtheadvertisement?A.Ontheboat.B.OntheInternet.C.Inthenewspaper.12.Whyisthewomanlookingtobuyaboat?A.Becauseofthestorm.B.Becauseofherbusiness.C.Becauseofanewhobby.13.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Co-workers.B.Neighbors.C.Family.聽第9段材料，回答第14至16題。14.Whatistheman’sfirstquestion?A.Howlongthesalewilllast.B.Wherethesaleisgoingtobe.C.Howmanyitemsareonthelist.15.Whatdoesthemanwanttobuy?A.Theuprightframe.B.Somecoloredpaint.C.Thepaintingbrushes.16.Whenwilltheproductbedelivered?A.Inoneweek.B.Intwoweeks.C.Inthreeweeks.聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17.WhatdidJonworkasfirst?A.Ahost.B.Apolitician.C.Acomedian.18.WhodoesJonprefertointerview?APeoplewhoareignored.B.Peoplewhomakelotsofmoney.C.Peoplewhohelpedhimgetfamous.19.WhendidJonstarthostingTheDailyShow?A.In2016.B.In2015.C.In1999.20.WhatisJonfightingforcurrently?A.Helpingheroesindebt.B.Preparingforbadevents.C.Collectingmoneyforthegovernment.第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，滿分40分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2分，滿分30分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。AFourChineseLanguageLearningAppsDuChineseDuChineseisanAppthathelpstoimproveyourChinesereadingskills.Youcanreadbyyourselforlistentoarecordingandreadalong.Thecharactersandpinyinlayout(布局)lookverycomfortable.YoucaneasilyturnthepinyinonandoffandswitchChinesecharactersbetweenSimplifiedandTraditional.ItsupportsEnglishtranslationsforsinglewordsandsentences.ThematerialsarelabeledfromHSK(漢語水平考試)level1-6＋.Itiseasytofindmaterialforyourlevel.ZizzleIfyouhavetroublememorizingChinesecharacters,thenZizzlewilldefinitelyhelpyou.ThisAppbreaksdowncharactersintotheircomponentparts.Then,theyuseimagesandashortstorytohelpyourememberthesecomponents.Mostofthestoriesarefunnyenoughtobememorable.Itpresentsaneffective,novel,andfunwaytolearnandmemorizeChinesecharacters.Ifyouareatotalbeginner,Icansafelysayyouwillknowhundredsofcharactersinfewdaysandbeabletoreadthemconfidently.Chineseclass101Chineseclass101hasanextensivecollectionoflisteningmaterialscoveringalllevels.EachlessonhasnotesthatincludethekeygrammarpointbrokendownclearlyalongwithChineseculturalinsights.ThelessondialoguewillhelpyouunderstandreallifeconversationsinChinaandwilldefinitelyhelpyouimproveyourlisteningskills.Italsooffersaninteractivevoicerecordertoolwhichletsyourecordyourpronunciationandcompareittothatofanativespeaker.HelloChineseHelloChineseisapowerfullearningtoolthatcanhelpyouovercomethefearoflearningChinese.ThisAppfocusesondailylifetopics.Itstartsfrombasicpinyin,sothatevenifyouareatotalbeginnerorhaveabsolutelynobackgroundinChinese,youcanstilllearnwithit.WhatisspecialisthatthisAppallowsyoutolistenandrecordyourownvoice,andtohelpyoucheckautomaticallyifyourpronunciationiscorrect.1.WhatdoweknowaboutDuChinese?A.Itsmaterialsaregradedbydifficulty. B.Itcanswitchbetweentwolanguages.C.Itsusersarebasicallyschoolstudents. D.Itisdesignedforlanguagetests.2.WhichofthefollowingAppsareespeciallysuggestedforbeginners?A.DuChineseandZizzle. B.Chineseclass101andZizzle.C.ZizzleandHelloChinese. D.DuChineseandHelloChinese.3.WhatdoChineseclass101andHelloChinesehaveincommon?A.Theyhelpimprovepronunciation. B.Theyaretargetedatadvancedlearners.C.Theyteachusefullisteningskills. D.Theyofferreadingmaterialsondailylife.【答案】1.A2.C3.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。介紹了四個漢語語言學(xué)習(xí)的應(yīng)用程序。【1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)小標(biāo)題DuChinese下面第二段“ThematerialsarelabeledfromHSK(漢語水平考試)level1-6＋.Itiseasytofindmaterialforyourlevel.(教材按照HSK等級1-6+進(jìn)行標(biāo)注。很容易為你的等級找到材料。)”可知，DuChinese應(yīng)用的材料是按難度分級的。故選A?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)小標(biāo)題Zizzle下面一段末句“Ifyouareatotalbeginner,Icansafelysayyouwillknowhundredsofcharactersinfewdaysandbeabletoreadthemconfidently.(如果你是一個完全的初學(xué)者，我可以肯定地說，你將在幾天內(nèi)認(rèn)識數(shù)百個漢字，并能夠自信地閱讀它們。)”以及小標(biāo)題HelloChinese下面一段第三句“Itstartsfrombasicpinyin,sothatevenifyouareatotalbeginnerorhaveabsolutelynobackgroundinChinese,youcanstilllearnwithit.(它從基本的拼音開始，所以即使你是一個完全的初學(xué)者或完全沒有中文背景，你仍然可以用它來學(xué)習(xí)。)”可知，Zizzle和HelloChinese兩個應(yīng)用是針對初學(xué)者的。故選C。【3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)小標(biāo)題Chineseclass101下面一段末句“Italsooffersaninteractivevoicerecordertoolwhichletsyourecordyourpronunciationandcompareittothatofanativespeaker.(它還提供了一個交互式語音記錄工具，可以讓你記錄自己的發(fā)音，并將其與母語人士的發(fā)音進(jìn)行比較。)”以及小標(biāo)題HelloChinese下面一段末句“WhatisspecialisthatthisAppallowsyoutolistenandrecordyourownvoice,andtohelpyoucheckautomaticallyifyourpronunciationiscorrect.(特別之處在于，這款應(yīng)用可以讓你聽自己的聲音并錄音，并幫助你自動檢查你的發(fā)音是否正確。)”可知，Chineseclass101和HelloChinese的共同之處在于它們有助于提高發(fā)音。故選A。BRockyLyonswasfiveyearsoldwhenhismother,Kelly,wasdrivingalongthecountryroadwithhim.Hewasasleeponthefrontseatoftheirtruck,withhisfeetrestingonherlap.Ashismomdrovecarefullydownthewindingcountryroad,sheturnedontoanarrowbridge.Thetruckhitarockandslidofftheroad.Sheattemptedtobringitbackupontotheroadbypressinghardonthegaspedal(踏板)andturningthesteeringwheeltotheleft.ButRocky'sfootgotcaughtbetweenherlegandthesteeringwheelandshelostcontrolofthetruck.Thetruckfellintoa20-footravine(峽谷).WhenithitthebottomRockywokeup.“Whathappened,Mom?”heasked.“Ourwheelsarepointingtowardthesky.”Kellywasseriouslywoundedandblindedbyblood.“I’llgetyouout,Mom,”announcedRocky,whohadsurprisinglyescapedinjury.HeclimbedoutfromunderKelly,slidthroughtheopenwindowandtriedtoyankhismotherout.Butshedidn’tmove.“Justletmesleep,”beggedKelly,whowasoutofconsciousness(意識).Rockyinsisted,“Mom,youcan’tgotosleep.”RockymanagedtopushKellyoutofthetruckandtoldherhe’dclimbuptotheroadandstopacartogethelp.Fearingthatnoonewouldbeabletoseeherlittleboyinthedark,Kellyrefusedtolethimgoalone.Insteadtheyslowlymoveduptotheroad.ThepainwassogreatthatKellywantedtogiveup,butRockywouldn’tlether.Rockykeptrepeatingtheinspirationalphrase,“Iknowyoucan.Iknowyoucan.”Whentheyfinallyreachedtheroad,Rockybrokeintotearsseeinghismother’stornfaceclearlyforthefirsttime.Wavinghisarmsandshouting,“Pleasestop!”theboystoppedatruck.Hismotherwassenttohospital.IttookeighthourstorebuildKelly’sface.Shelooksquitedifferenttoday-shehasafewscarsbuthasrecoveredfromherinjuries.Rocky’sheroicswerebignews.Everyonewassurprisedatthislittleboy’spower.“It’snotlikeIwantedittohappen,”theboyexplained.“Ijustdidwhatanyonewouldhavedone.”“Ifitweren’tforRocky,I’dhavedied,”saidhismother.4.WhatdoweknowaboutRockyandKelly?A.Theywerelostonacountryroad.B.Theywereinvolvedinatruckaccident.C.Theyhadlimitedtimetofindtheirway.D.Theyknewlittleofwhathappenedtothem.5.WhathadhappenedwhenRockywokeup?A.Thetruckhadturnedover.B.Hecouldn’tfindhismother.C.Hehadbeenstuckinthetruck.D.Hismotherhadpassedout.6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“yank”inparagraph3mostprobablymean?A.Pull. B.Drive.C.Follow. D.Carry.7.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeRocky?A.Enthusiasticandkind.B.Courageousandcalm.C.CooperativeandgenerousD.Adventurousandenergetic.【答案】4.B5.A6.A7.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇繼續(xù)文。講述了5歲的Rocky和媽媽Kelly發(fā)生了車禍，媽媽受傷嚴(yán)重，勇敢的Rocky救了媽媽的故事?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)首段第四句“Thetruckhitarockandslidofftheroad.(卡車撞上了一塊石頭，滑出了公路。)”以及第二段首句“Thetruckfellintoa20-footravine(峽谷).(卡車掉進(jìn)了一個20英尺高的峽谷。)”可知，Rocky和Kelly發(fā)生了車禍。故選B。

【5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段末句““Ourwheelsarepointingtowardthesky.”(“我們的輪子指向天空?！?”可知，卡車翻了所以才輪子朝向天空。故選A?！?題詳解】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第三段最后兩句“HeclimbedoutfromunderKelly,slidthroughtheopenwindowandtriedtoyankhismotherout.Butshedidn’tmove.(他從凱利的身下爬出來，從開著的窗戶爬出去，試圖把他的母親出來。但她沒有動。)”可知，Rocky是想救媽媽出去，但是媽媽沒動。故可推知，劃線詞為動詞“拉”。故選A?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第二句““I’llgetyouout,Mom,”announcedRocky,whohadsurprisinglyescapedinjury.(“我來救你出去，媽媽?！甭迤嬲f，他出人意料地沒有受傷。)”以及倒數(shù)第三段首句“Rockykeptrepeatingtheinspirationalphrase,“Iknowyoucan.Iknowyoucan.”(洛奇不斷重復(fù)那句鼓舞人心的話：“我知道你能做到。我知道你可以的?！?”可知，洛奇很勇敢，也很鎮(zhèn)靜。故選B。CBritishprogrammerJoshuaBrowderishelpingpeoplesavemuchmoneyonlegalfeeswithhislatestproject-theworld’sfirstrobotlawyer.The19-year-oldfirststartedtheprojectlastsummerasafreewebsitetohelppeopleappealunfairparkingtickets.Hecameupwiththeideaaftergettingaseriesofticketshimselfforunimportantreasons.Havingwastedhourswritingappealstothesetickets,herealizedthatmanypeoplehavenotimeorlegalknowledgetoappealSohedecidedtocreatearobotlawyer,whichhenamedDoNotPay.DoNotPaywasasuccess,andthetechgeniushasgoneastepfurtherwiththewebsite.converting(轉(zhuǎn)變)itintoarobotlawyerequippedtohelpwithvariouslegalissues.“Therobotcanhandleparkingticketappealsanddelayedflights/trains.Itcanalsoanswersomegenerallegalquestionslike‘Ican’taffordmyticket.WhatdoIdo?’”saidBrowder.Tousetheservice,usersneedtogotothewebsiteDoNotPay.co.ukandsignupforfree.Oncesignedin,therobotwillasktheuserquestionsabouttheirsituation.Whenithascollectedenoughinformation,andifthepersonhaslegalgroundsforanappeal,therobotwillcreatealetterforthepersontouse.BrowdersaidhereceivedgoodadvicefromhisprofessorsatStanfordUniversity.“Initially,Ithoughtthebestwaytogoaboutitwastocreatemanyindividualrulesforittofollow,”heexplained.“However,Iquicklyfailedwiththisapproachbecausetherearethousandsofwaystosaythesamethinganditwouldbeimpossibletocatcheveryone.ThebreakthroughcamewhenIlearnedhowtocreateawayfortherobottolearnandcomparephrasesitself,sothatitdoesn’tmatterhowtheuserphraseshisorherrequests.”Soheprogrammedtherobottousetextcomparisonthatincludeskeywords,wordorderandpronouns.Andthemorepeopleusetherobot,thebetterthealgorithm(演算法)gets.Buthere’resituationswheretherobotcan’thelp.”Iftherobotcan’tanswer,itprovideshelpfulmassageofferingtheusersomesamplephrasesorthechoiceofcontactingmedirectly,”Browdersaid.“Onthebackend,whenevertherobotcan’tanswer,Igetnoticedandworkasquicklyaspossibletoaddfunctionsforanyfuturerequestsofasimilarnature.”“Ithinkitdoesareasonablejobofreplacingparkinglawyers,”BrowdertoldTechInsider.“Iknowtherearethousandsofprogrammerswithmoreexperiencethanmeworkingonsimilarissues.Ifitisonedaypossibleforanycitizentogetthesamestandardoflegalrepresentationasabillionaire,howcanthatnotbeagoodthing?”8.WhatmadeJoshuaBrowderdecidetodeveloptherobotlawyer?A.Hisinterestinlawandrobot.B.Beingoftenfinedforseriousreasons.C.Realizingpeople’sneedtowriteappeals.D.Awasteofmuchmoneyinappealing.9.Whatcantherobotlawyerdoatpresent?A.Dealwithsomecommonlegalissues.B.Createacomputerprogramtoserveitsusers.C.Recommendsomeusefullegalwebsitestousers.D.Teachtheuserstowritealetterofappeal.10.WhatdidBrowder’sprofessorsadvisehimtodoabouthisrobot?A.Storeenoughlegalknowledgeinit.B.Teachittocommunicatewithitsusers.C.Createenoughindividualrulesforittofollow.D.Enableittolearnandcomparephrasesonitsown.11.WhatisBrowder’sattitudetotheworld’sfirstrobotlawyer?A.Unclear. B.Cautious.C.Proud. D.Negative.【答案】8.C9.A10.D11.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文說明文。針對很多人既沒有時間也沒有法律知識來維護(hù)自己權(quán)益的情況，他創(chuàng)造一個名為“DoNotPay”的機(jī)器人律師，可以處理一些常見的法律問題?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)首段末句“Havingwastedhourswritingappealstothesetickets,herealizedthatmanypeoplehavenotimeorlegalknowledgetoappealSohedecidedtocreatearobotlawyer,whichhenamedDoNotPay.(在浪費了幾個小時為這些罰單寫上訴書之后，他意識到很多人既沒有時間也沒有法律知識來上訴，所以他決定創(chuàng)造一個機(jī)器人律師，他把它命名為“DoNotPay”。)”可知，很多人需要寫上訴書，但是既沒有時間也沒有法律知識來上訴，所以約書亞·布勞德決定開發(fā)機(jī)器人律師。故選C。【9題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段最后三句““Therobotcanhandleparkingticketappealsanddelayedflights/trains.Itcanalsoanswersomegenerallegalquestionslike‘Ican’taffordmyticket.WhatdoIdo?’”saidBrowder.(“該機(jī)器人可以處理停車罰單申訴和航班/火車延誤。它還可以回答一些一般的法律問題，比如‘我付不起罰單。我該怎么辦?’”布勞德說。)”可知，機(jī)器人律師可以處理一些常見的法律問題。故選A?！?0題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段首句“BrowdersaidhereceivedgoodadvicefromhisprofessorsatStanfordUniversity.(布勞德說，他從斯坦福大學(xué)的教授那里得到了很好的建議。)”以及末句“ThebreakthroughcamewhenIlearnedhowtocreateawayfortherobottolearnandcomparephrasesitself,sothatitdoesn’tmatterhowtheuserphraseshisorherrequests.(當(dāng)我學(xué)會如何創(chuàng)造一種方法讓機(jī)器人自己學(xué)習(xí)和比較短語時，突破就出現(xiàn)了，這樣用戶如何表達(dá)他或她的請求就沒有關(guān)系了。)”可知，布勞德的教授建議他讓機(jī)器人自己學(xué)習(xí)和比較短語。故選D?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)末段末句“Ifitisonedaypossibleforanycitizentogetthesamestandardoflegalrepresentationasabillionaire,howcanthatnotbeagoodthing?(如果有一天，任何一個公民都有可能獲得與億萬富翁同樣標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的法律代理，這怎么可能不是一件好事呢？)”可知，布勞德希望有一天任何一個公民都有與億萬富翁同樣標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的法律代理，認(rèn)為自己做的事情幫助實現(xiàn)了這一目標(biāo)。故可推知，他對世界上第一個機(jī)器人律師是很驕傲的。故選C。DWhenyougotothedesertwithDavidStrayer,acognitivepsychologist,don’tbesurprisedifhestickselectrodestoyourhead.OnthethirddayofacampingtripinUtah,Strayerexplainsthe“three-dayeffect”to22psychologystudents.Ourbrains,hesays,aren’ttirelessmachines;theyareeasilytiredbyourfast-paced,increasinglydigitallives.Butwhenweslowdown,stopthebusywork,andseekoutnaturalsurroundings,wenotonlyfeelrefreshedbutalsoimproveourmentalperformance.Strayerhasdemonstratedasmuchwithagroupofparticipants,whoscored50percenthigheroncreativeproblem-solvingtasksafterthreedaysofwildernessbackpacking.Strayer’shypothesisisthatbeinginnatureallowstheprefrontalcortex,thebrain’scommandcenter,torestandrecover,likeanoverusedmuscle.Strayerhashisstudentsputmyheadintoasortofbathingcapwith12electrodesinit.Wiresfromthemwillsendmybrain’selectricalsignalstoarecorderforanalysis.ThenIwalkcarefullytoagrassybankalongtheSanJuanRiver,whereI’msupposedtothinkofnothinginparticular,justwatchthewidewaterflowby.Ihaven’tlookedatacomputerorcellphoneindays,andit’seasytoforgetforafewmomentsthatIeverhadthem.AfewmonthsafterourUtahtrip,Strayer’steamsendsmetheresultsofmytest,whichshowsmybrainwavesatarangeoffrequenciesandconfirmsthatthegentlebeautyoftheSanJuanRiversucceededinquietingmyprefrontalcortex.Sofartheotherresearchsubjects’resultsalsoconfirmStrayer’shypothesis.Butnostudycanofferafullexplanationofthebrain-on-natureexperience;somethingmysteriouswillalwaysremain,Strayersays,andperhapsthat’sasitshouldbe.“Attheendoftheday,”hesays,“wecomeoutinnaturenotbecausesciencesaysitdoessomethingtousbutbecauseofhowitmakesusfeel.”12.WhydoStrayerandhisstudentsgotothedesert?A.Torelaxthemselves. B.Toconductastudy.C.Tolearnaboutthedesert. D.Toexperiencelifewithoutdigitalproducts.13.Whatisthethirdparagraphmainlyabout?A.FindingsofStrayer’sresearch. B.ReasonforStrayer’sresearch.C.MethodforStrayer’sresearch. D.PurposeofStrayer’sresearch.14.WhatdoweknowaboutStrayer’shypothesis?A.Thereisnoconvincingevidenceforit. B.Noresearchersshowinterestinit.C.Ithasprovedfalse. D.Afullexplanationisneededforit.15.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.EnjoyYourselfinNature. B.MyUniqueExperienceintheDesert.C.HowDoesNatureInspireCreativity. D.IsNatureYourBrain’sPowerfulMedicine.【答案】12B13.C14.D15.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了認(rèn)知心理學(xué)家DavidStrayer通過和22名學(xué)生的研究，發(fā)現(xiàn)大自然可以提高我們的效率。介紹了研究開展的過程以及他的一些假設(shè)?！?2題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Strayerhasdemonstratedasmuchwithagroupofparticipants,whoscored50percenthigheroncreativeproblem-solvingtasksafterthreedaysofwildernessbackpacking.(Strayer已經(jīng)用一組參與者證明了這一點，經(jīng)過三天的野外背包旅行，他們在創(chuàng)造性解決問題的任務(wù)上得分高出50%)”可知，Strayer和他的學(xué)生去沙漠是為了進(jìn)行研究。故選B?！?3題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段“Strayer’shypothesisisthatbeinginnatureallowstheprefrontalcortex,thebrain’scommandcenter,torestandrecover,likeanoverusedmuscle.Strayerhashisstudentsputmyheadintoasortofbathingcapwith12electrodesinit.Wiresfromthemwillsendmybrain’selectricalsignalstoarecorderforanalysis.ThenIwalkcarefullytoagrassybankalongtheSanJuanRiver,whereI’msupposedtothinkofnothinginparticular,justwatchthewidewaterflowby.Ihaven’tlookedatacomputerorcellphoneindays,andit’seasytoforgetforafewmomentsthatIeverhadthem.(Strayer的假設(shè)是，在大自然中，大腦的指揮中心前額葉皮層可以休息和恢復(fù)，就像過度使用的肌肉一樣。Strayer讓他的學(xué)生把我的頭放進(jìn)一種有12個電極的浴帽里。它們的導(dǎo)線會把我大腦的電信號傳送到記錄器上進(jìn)行分析。然后，我小心翼翼地走到圣胡安河的一個長滿草的岸邊，在那里我不應(yīng)該想什么特別的事情，只是看著寬闊的河水流過。我已經(jīng)好幾天沒看電腦或手機(jī)了，很容易忘記我曾經(jīng)擁有過它們)”可知，第三段的主要內(nèi)容是Strayer的研究方法。故選C?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Butnostudycanofferafullexplanationofthebrain-on-natureexperience;somethingmysteriouswillalwaysremain,Strayersays,andperhapsthat’sasitshouldbe.(但是，沒有一項研究能夠全面解釋大腦與自然的關(guān)系；Strayer說，一些神秘的東西將永遠(yuǎn)存在，也許這是應(yīng)該的)”可知，Strayer的假設(shè)需要一個完整的解釋。故選D?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段“Ourbrains,hesays,aren’ttirelessmachines;theyareeasilytiredbyourfast-paced,increasinglydigitallives.Butwhenweslowdown,stopthebusywork,andseekoutnaturalsurroundings,wenotonlyfeelrefreshedbutalsoimproveourmentalperformance.(他說，我們的大腦不是不知疲倦的機(jī)器；他們很容易對我們快節(jié)奏、日益數(shù)字化的生活感到厭倦。但是當(dāng)我們慢下來，停止忙碌的工作，尋找自然的環(huán)境，我們不僅感到神清氣爽，而且還提高了我們的精神表現(xiàn))”結(jié)合文章主要說明了認(rèn)知心理學(xué)家DavidStrayer通過和22名學(xué)生的研究，發(fā)現(xiàn)大自然可以提高我們的效率。介紹了研究開展的過程以及他的一些假設(shè)。可知，D選項“自然是大腦的良藥嗎？”最符合文章標(biāo)題。故選D。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2分，滿分10分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Sometimesyoujustwanttogetaway.YourolderbrotherandhisfriendsareconstantlyampedinfrontoftheTV,yourbabysisterwon’tstayoutofyourroom,andyouwantsometimeforyourself.Butwhenyougetit-maybeatafriend’shouseforanall-weekendDVDmarathonoronspringbreakatDisneyWorld-you’resurprisedtofindyourselfmissingthechaosathomeabit.What’sthatallabout?____16____Whenyou’rehomesick,youmightfeelnostalgic(懷念的)forfamiliarthingslikeyourfamily,friends,pets,house,orneighborhood.Homesicknessisn’tonlyforkids.____17____Teensmightgethomesickwhentheyleavehomeforthefirstextendedperiodoftime,likeduringavacationwithafriend’sfamily.Familiarsurroundings,people,androutinesprovidepeoplewithasenseofsecurityandcomfort.____18____Thosehomesickfeelingsarecompletelynormal.____19____Othersmayfeelphysicalsymptoms,likestomachacheorheadache,orevenbecometrulydepressed.Mostofthetime,oncethenewsurroundingsandpeoplebecomemorefamiliar,feelingsofhomesicknessgoaway.Ifyouhaveadditionalstressinyourlife-likeadivorceoradeathinthefamily-homesicknesscanbemoreintense.Almosteveryonehasfelthomesickatsometime.____20____Itmeansyouhavefamilyandfriendsworthmissingandaplaceyouwanttoreturntowhenyouradventureawayfromhomeisover.A.Practicallyeveryonefeelshomesickfromtimetotime,evenadults.B.Inanewplace,youmayfindyourselfmissingthecomfortsofhomeandlovedones.C.Believeitornot,you’refeelinghomesick.D.Rememberthatthere’sagoodsidetohomesickness,too.E.Luckily,homesicknessisusuallymildanddoesn’tlastlong.F.Somepeoplemayonlyfeelalittleloneliness,sadness,oranxiety.G.Andyoucandosomethingstomakesureitdoesn’tspoilyourfun.【答案】16.C17.A18.B19.F20.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。本文講述的是當(dāng)一個人到了一個陌生的地方時，幾乎每一個人都會有思鄉(xiāng)的感覺。當(dāng)你思鄉(xiāng)時，你就會想念家人，朋友，有些思鄉(xiāng)的人會有一些身體上的變化，如頭疼等。它意味著你有值得思念的家人和朋友，當(dāng)你離開家的冒險結(jié)束后，你想回到一個地方?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)前一句“What’sthatallabout?（這是怎么回事?）”可知，空處是對前面提問的回答。結(jié)合下一段“Whenyou’rehomesick,youmightfeelnostalgic（懷念的）forfamiliarthingslikeyourfamily,friends,pets,house,orneighborhood.(當(dāng)你想家的時候，你可能會懷念你熟悉的東西，比如你的家人、朋友、寵物、房子或鄰居)”可知，此處強(qiáng)調(diào)的是思鄉(xiāng)的具體表現(xiàn)。由此推知，空處指出離開家又想家的情況是“思鄉(xiāng)”。C選項“Believeitornot,you’refeelinghomesick.(信不信由你，你想家了)”切題，引起下文，故選C?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)空前“Homesicknessisn’tonlyforkids.(思鄉(xiāng)不僅僅是孩子們的事)”可知，此處強(qiáng)調(diào)的是思鄉(xiāng)不僅僅是在孩子身上發(fā)生。由此推知，也會發(fā)生在成人身上。A選項“Practicallyeveryonefeelshomesickfromtimetotime,evenadults.(幾乎每個人都會時不時地想家，即使是成年人)”切題。故選A。【18題詳解】根據(jù)空前“Familiarsurroundings,people,androutinesprovidepeoplewithasenseofsecurityandcomfort.(熟悉的環(huán)境、人們和慣例能提供給人們一種安全感和慰藉)”以及空后“Thosehomesickfeelingsarecompletelynormal.(那些思鄉(xiāng)的情感是完全正常的)”可知，設(shè)空處應(yīng)該強(qiáng)調(diào)的是在新的場所思鄉(xiāng)的原因。B選項“Inanewplace,youmayfindyourselfmissingthecomfortsofhomeandlovedones.(在一個新的地方你可能會覺得你自己失去了家的舒服感和愛的人)”承上啟下。故選B。19題詳解】根據(jù)空后“Othersmayfeelphysicalsymptoms,likestomachacheorheadache,orevenbecometrulydepressed.（其他人可能會有身體上的特征，如胃疼，頭疼)”可知，此處強(qiáng)調(diào)的是思鄉(xiāng)的一些癥狀。F選項“Somepeoplemayonlyfeelalittleloneliness,sadness,oranxiety.(有些人可能僅僅感覺孤獨，悲傷，焦慮)”切題，some呼應(yīng)后文的others，some...others...“一些……另一些”。故選F。【20題詳解】根據(jù)前文“Almosteveryonehasfelthomesickatsometime.(幾乎每個人都有想家的時候)”以及空后的“Itmeansyouhavefamilyandfriendsworthmissingandaplaceyouwanttoreturntowhenyouradventureawayfromhomeisover.(它意味著你有值得思念的家人和朋友，當(dāng)你離開家的冒險結(jié)束后，你想回到一個地方)”可知，設(shè)空處強(qiáng)調(diào)的是思鄉(xiāng)的好處。D選項“Rememberthatthere’sagoodsidetohomesickness,too.(記住思鄉(xiāng)也有好的一面)”引起下文。故選D。第三部分英語知識運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分45分)第一節(jié)完形填空(共20小題;每小題1.5分，滿分30分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。ThestoryhappenedwhenHurricaneIdasweptNewJersey.AnibalGaliana,theprincipalofHackensackMiddleSchool,was____21____aboutthestateoftheschoolafterseeingthesevereflooding.Thenew____22____wouldstartnextweekandthekidsneededabuildingto____23____.SohecalledHemans,theheadcustodian(管理人員)oftheschool,onThursdaymorningtolethimknowhewasgoingtogettotheschooltoassess____24____.ToGaliana’ssurprise,thecustodiansaidhewas____25____attheschool.Actually,hestayedtheentire____26____,runningthepumptomakesuretheschooldidn’t____27____.Ataround11pmonWednesday,a(n)____28____reachedHemanssayingthatwaterwas____29____theschool’sbasement.Hewasathomethen,buthe_____________30_____________tobravethestormtomakehiswaytothe_____________31_____________.Gettingtherefromhishomewasdifficult—heoftenfoundhimself_____________32_____________byrapidlyrisingwater.Oncethere,hestartedthepumptotransferwaterfromthebasementtothe_____________33_____________outside.Afterthat,Hemansskippedsleepto_____________34_____________iteveryhalfhourtoensureitwasstillworking.Ifithad_____________35_____________atanypoint,waterwouldhavequicklymadeitswayinside.Hefinallyarrivedbackathishomeataround2:30pmonThursdayforsome_____________36_____________whichhedeserved._____________37_____________GalianawasshockedthatHemanswenttheextramiletoprotectthebuilding,onfurtherreflection,hewasn’tallthat_____________38_____________.“He’salwaysbeenahardworkingandresponsiblecustodian,”saidGaliana.Duringthehurricane,manyschoolssawdestructionthatmadethem_____________39_____________forweeks.ButHackensackMiddleSchool_____________40_____________rightontime.Whenseeingcheerfulstudentsstudyingandplayinginschool,Hemansknewitwasallworthit.21.A.worried B.angry C.certain D.disappointed22.A.task B.term C.period D.storm23.A.belongto B.lookto C.cometo D.turnto24.A.profit B.cost C.accident D.damage25.A.already B.always C.previously D.occasionally26.A.day B.week C.morning D.night27.A.break B.flood C.collapse D.burst28.A.appeal B.letter C.alarm D.sound29.A.entering B.cleaning C.leaving D.surrounding30.A.agreed B.decided C.expected D.remembered31.A.office B.center C.station D.building32.A.followed B.blocked C.welcomed D.separated33.A.street B.stair C.pipe D.room34.A.adjust B.start C.check D.repair35.A.fallen B.delayed C.sunk D.failed36.A.rest B.praise C.practice D.help37.A.Because B.If C.Although D.When38.A.excited B.touched C.surprised D.confused39.A.inaccessible B.unsuccessful C.impractical D.unusable40.A.recovered B.opened C.returned D.functioned【答案】21.A22.B23.C24.D25.A26.D27.B28.C29.A30.B31.D32.B33.A34.C35.D36.A37.C38.C39.D40.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了哈肯薩克中學(xué)的首席管理員赫曼斯冒著暴風(fēng)雨毅然去拯救學(xué)校免于洪水淹沒的動人故事。【21題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：哈肯薩克中學(xué)校長AnibalGaliana在看到嚴(yán)重的洪水后，對學(xué)校的狀況感到擔(dān)憂。A.worried感到擔(dān)心的；B.angry生氣的；C.certain確定的；D.disappointed感到失望的。根據(jù)上文“AnibalGaliana,theprincipalofHackensackMiddleSchool”及常識可知，AnibalGaliana是校長，對學(xué)校的狀況感到擔(dān)憂。故選A項。【22題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：新學(xué)期將于下周開始，孩子們需要一棟樓來住。A.task任務(wù)；B.term學(xué)期；C.period時期；D.storm風(fēng)暴。根據(jù)下文“wouldstartnextweekandthekidsneededabuildingto____3____.”可知，新學(xué)期要來了，孩子們要回來了。故選B項。【23題詳解】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：新學(xué)期將于下周開始，孩子們需要一棟樓來住。A.belongto屬于；B.lo