北京大學(xué)出版社大學(xué)英語1Unit7Keywordsandphrases(DOC)

PAGEPAGE4Unit7TheManWhoMarriedHimselfKeywordsandphrasestempt【釋義】V-TSomethingthattemptsyouattractsyouandmakesyouwantit,eventhoughitmaybewrongorharmful.引誘;吸引V-TIfyoutemptsomeone,youofferthemsomethingtheywantinordertoencouragethemtodowhatyouwantthemtodo.誘使，鼓動(dòng)，慫恿temptsbintosth/doingsth【例句】Itisthefreshfruitthattemptsmeatthistimeofyear.Don'tletcredittemptyoutobuysomethingyoucan'tafford.Nothingwouldtemptmetojointhearmy.Thewarmweathertemptedusintogoingforaswim.【派生】temptationn.(1)勸誘，誘惑，引誘 Willtheybeabletoresistthetemptationtobuy?他們能抵抗得住購(gòu)買的誘惑嗎？Yield/givewaytotemptation經(jīng)不住誘惑(2)有誘惑力或吸引力的東西 Thebagofsweetsonthetablewastoostrongatemptationforthechildrentoresist.桌上那包糖果對(duì)于孩子們而言是難以抗拒的誘惑。Cleveradvertisementsarejusttemptationstospendmoney.巧妙的廣告誘使人花錢。concedeV.Ifyouconcedesomething,youadmit,oftenunwillingly,thatitistrueorcorrect.(不情愿地）承認(rèn)BessfinallyconcededthatNancywasright.貝絲最終承認(rèn)南希是對(duì)的。V.Ifyouconcedesomethingtosomeone,youallowthemtohaveitasarightorprivilege.給與（權(quán)利或者特權(quán)）;容許；讓步：Theyconcededsomeoftheirlandtotheenemy.他們把一部分領(lǐng)土割讓給敵人。VIfyouconcedeagame,contest,orargument,youenditbyadmittingthatyoucannolongerwin.（通過認(rèn)輸而）使（比賽，競(jìng)賽，爭(zhēng)論）結(jié)束;承認(rèn)失敗，認(rèn)輸；放棄…希望：Heconcededtheelectiontohisopponents.他承認(rèn)他在競(jìng)選中輸給對(duì)手。fateful/?fe?tf?l/ADJIfanactionoratimewhensomethinghappenedisdescribedasfateful,itisconsideredtohaveanimportant,andoftenverybad,effectonfutureevents.有重大影響的(尤指產(chǎn)生負(fù)面結(jié)果的)Itwasafatefuldecision,onewhichwastobreaktheGovernment.那是一項(xiàng)重大的決定，一個(gè)將使政府垮臺(tái)的決定。neglect【釋義】VIfyouneglectsomeoneorsomething,youfailtolookafterthemproperly.疏于照管VIfyouneglectsomeoneorsomething,youfailtogivethemtheamountofattentionthattheydeserve.忽視VIfyouneglecttodosomethingthatyououghttodoorneglectyourduty,youfailtodoit.疏忽Nneglectingorbeingneglected疏忽，忽略，疏漏【例句】Thewomandeniedthatshehadneglectedherchild.Feedplantsandtheygrow,neglectthemandtheysuffer.He'dgiventoomuchtohiscareer,workedlonghours,neglectedher.Shewasseverelycriticizedforneglectofduty.【翻譯】那位婦女否認(rèn)疏于照管她的孩子。給植物施肥，它們就生長(zhǎng)；疏于照管，它們就遭殃。他在事業(yè)上投入太多了，長(zhǎng)時(shí)間地工作，冷落了她。她因?yàn)橥婧雎毷囟艿絿?yán)厲的批評(píng)。【搭配】neglectone'sstudies 忽視自己的學(xué)習(xí)neglectone'schildren 忽視自己的孩子neglectone'shealth 忽視自己的健康neglectone'sduty 玩忽職守governmentneglect 政府失職【辨析】neglect,ignore都表示忽視、忽略或者沒有給與關(guān)注的意思。neglect:后可接名詞或動(dòng)名詞，也可接不定式。后接名詞、動(dòng)名詞，表示“沒有給與足夠的關(guān)注”；后接不定式表示“忘記，或者由于粗心和不細(xì)心沒有能夠做成某件事”。不及物，及物動(dòng)詞皆可。例如：Hehasneglectedreading.他忽視了閱讀。

Heneglectedtowindtheclock.他忘了上鬧鐘了。ignore:“假裝不知”、“故意不理”的意思，后接名詞，為及物動(dòng)詞。Shesawhimcomingbutsheignoredhim.她看見他走來，假裝不知道。

Shegotveryangrywhenherfriendsignoredher.當(dāng)她朋友不理她時(shí)，她非常生氣。convince【釋義】V-TIfsomeoneorsomethingconvincesyoutodosomething,theypersuadeyoutodoit.說服V-TIfsomeoneorsomethingconvincesyouofsomething,theymakeyoubelievethatitistrueorthatitexists.使信服【例句】ThatweekendinPlattsburgh,heconvincedhertogoaheadandmarryBud.AlthoughIsoonconvincedhimofmyinnocence,Ithinkhestillhasseriousdoubtsaboutmysanity.【翻譯】在普拉茨堡的那個(gè)周末，他說服了她嫁給巴德。2.什么東西擦過了鮑勃的臉，他發(fā)出了一聲大叫?！敬钆洹縴ellout.大聲叫，呼喊yellat對(duì)...吼叫Whenthesergeantyelledoutmynumber,Ihadtorushforward.中士一喊出我的號(hào)，我就得立刻沖出去。stifle/?sta?f?l/CET6【釋義】1.V-TIfsomeonestiflessomething,theypreventitfromcontinuing.壓制2.V-TIfyoustifleayawnorlaugh,youpreventyourselffromyawningorlaughing.忍住(呵欠或笑聲)3.V-TIfyoustifleyournaturalfeelingsorbehaviour,youpreventyourselffromhavingthosefeelingsorbehavinginthatway.控制(感情或行為)【例句】Regulationsonchildrenstifledcreativity.Shemakesnoattempttostifleayawn.Itisbesttostiflecuriosityandleavebirds'nestsalone.【翻譯】對(duì)孩子們制定的各種規(guī)定壓制了創(chuàng)造力。她并未試圖忍住一個(gè)哈欠。最好忍住好奇心，別碰鳥巢。intrusion【釋義】1.N-VARIfsomeonedisturbsyouwhenyouareinaprivateplaceorhavingaprivateconversation,youcancallthiseventanintrusion.打擾2.N-VARAnintrusionissomethingthatdisturbsyourmoodoryourlifeinawayyoudonotlike.侵?jǐn)_【例句】1.Ihopeyoudon'tmindthisintrusion,Jon.2.Ifeltitwasagrotesqueintrusionintoourlives.【翻譯】1.喬恩，我希望你不會(huì)介意這次打擾。2.我覺得它對(duì)我們的生活是一種莫名其妙的侵?jǐn)_?！敬钆洹縄ntrusionalarm[安全]入侵報(bào)警器;[安全]防竊報(bào)警器IntrusionPrevention入侵防護(hù);入侵預(yù)防;入侵防御;侵入防御WebsiteIntrusion網(wǎng)站入侵intrude【釋義】1.V-IIfyousaythatsomeoneisintrudingintoaparticularplaceorsituation,youmeanthattheyarenotwantedorwelcomethere.侵?jǐn)_2.V-IIfsomethingintrudesonyourmoodoryourlife,itdisturbsitorhasanunwantedeffectonit.擾亂3.V-IIfsomeoneintrudesintoaplace,theygothereeventhoughtheyarenotallowedtobethere.侵入【例句】1.Thepresshasbeenblamedforintrudingintopeople'spersonallivesinanunacceptableway.2.Doyoufeelanxiouswhenunforeseenincidentsintrudeonyourday?3.AnAmericanofficeronthescenesaidnoonehadintrudedintothespacehewasdefending.【翻譯】1.新聞媒體因以一種令人無法接受的方式侵入人們的私生活而受到譴責(zé)。2.當(dāng)無可預(yù)料的事件侵?jǐn)_到你的生活時(shí)，你會(huì)感到焦慮嗎？3.現(xiàn)場(chǎng)的一名美國(guó)軍官說還沒有人闖入過他所防衛(wèi)的區(qū)域【搭配】tointrudeonsomebody打擾；侵?jǐn)_；闖進(jìn)：intrudeinto闖進(jìn)intrudeupon闖入【派生】rusive侵入的；打擾的rusion侵入；闖入intruder侵入者；干擾者；妨礙者intrusiveness干涉性；侵?jǐn)_性；侵入性cashinon[美國(guó)英語]1.從…獲利，靠…賺錢：Shecashedinonherreal-estateinvestments.她在房地產(chǎn)的投資上賺了錢。2.利用，乘機(jī)利用；得到有利的運(yùn)用：ThemoviestarcashedinonhissuddenpopularityandsignedupforseveralTVplays.這位影星利用他的突然走紅，簽訂了幾部電視劇的合同。offensive【釋義】1.ADJSomethingthatisoffensiveupsetsorembarrassespeoplebecauseitisrudeorinsulting.冒犯性的2.N-COUNTAmilitaryoffensiveisacarefullyplannedattackmadebyalargegroupofsoldiers.(軍事)進(jìn)攻3.PHRASEIfyougoontheoffensive,ortaketheoffensive,youbegintotakestrongactionagainstpeoplewhohavebeenattackingyou.采取攻勢(shì)【例句】1.Somefriendsofhisfoundtheplayhorriblyoffensive.2.Itslatestmilitaryoffensiveagainstrebelforcesisaimedatre-openingimportanttraderoutes.3.TheWestAfricanforceswentontheoffensiveinresponsetoattacksonthem.【翻譯】1.他的一些朋友覺得那部戲讓人很不舒服。2.其最近對(duì)叛軍的軍事進(jìn)攻旨在重新開辟重要的貿(mào)易路線。3.西非武裝力量發(fā)起進(jìn)攻以回應(yīng)襲擊。【派生】詞根：offendadj.offending不愉快的；厭惡的adv.offensively冒犯地；討厭地n.offence犯罪；違反；過錯(cuò)；攻擊offense犯罪，過錯(cuò)；進(jìn)攻；觸怒；引起反感的事物offender罪犯；冒犯者；違法者vt.offend冒犯；使…不愉快conceitv.【釋義】[U](disapproving)toomuchprideinyourselfandwhatyoudo自負(fù)；驕傲自大【例句】Reyesemitsconfidencewithoutconceit.羅伊斯表現(xiàn)出自信但不自負(fù)。fullofconceit自高自大，十分自負(fù)【派生】conceited/k?n?si:t?d/adj.(disapproving)havingtoomuchprideinyourselfandwhatyoudo自負(fù)的；驕傲自大的：averyconceitedperson極其自命不凡的人It'sveryconceitedofyoutoassumethatyourworkisalwaysthebest.你認(rèn)為你的工作總是最好的，真是太自大了。crave[kreiv]vt.1.渴望，迫切希望：Thethirstymancravedwater.這個(gè)口渴的人迫切希望得到水喝。2.要求；需要：Thewoundcravedattention.傷口需要護(hù)理。3.懇求，請(qǐng)求：Hecravedtheteacher'spardon.他懇求老師原諒他。vi.1.渴望得到，熱望(常與for，after連用)：Thetiredoldmancravedforrest.疲倦的老人渴望得到休息。2.懇求，請(qǐng)求(常與for連用)：Hekneltbeforethekingandcravedformercy.他跪在國(guó)王面前乞求寬恕。splitup1.PHRASALVERBIftwopeoplesplitup,orifsomeoneorsomethingsplitsthemup,theyendtheirrelationshipormarriage.使(兩人)分手;(兩人)分手Researchsuggeststhatchildrenwhoseparentssplituparemorelikelytodropoutofhighschool.研究顯示父母離異的孩子更有可能在中學(xué)輟學(xué)。Iwasbeginningtothinkthatnothingcouldeversplitusup.我漸漸開始以為沒有什么事情能把我們分開。2.PHRASALVERBIfagroupofpeoplesplituporaresplitup,theygoawayindifferentdirections.使朝不同方向去;朝不同方向去Didthetwoofyousplitupinthewoods?你們倆在樹林里分的道嗎？Thissituationhassplitupthefamily.此事使這個(gè)家庭的成員分道揚(yáng)鑣了。3.PHRASALVERBIfyousplitsomethingup,orifitsplitsup,youdivideitsothatitisinanumberofsmallerseparatesections.使(物)分開;(物)分開Anythoughtofsplittingupthecompanywasunthinkable,theysaid.他們說，任何分裂該公司的想法都是不可思議的。Eventhoughmuseumshavebeggedtoborrowhercollection,shecouldneversplititup.盡管各博物館已懇求過借用她的收藏品，她永遠(yuǎn)都不能把藏品分開。 filefor1.法律上提出(離婚等)：Theactor'swifehasfiledfordivorceagain.這名演員的妻子又按法律手續(xù)提出了離婚。2.[美國(guó)英語]申請(qǐng)；報(bào)名參加競(jìng)選：Howmanypeoplehavefiledforthisoffice?有多少人競(jìng)選這個(gè)職務(wù)? justify(justifies,justifying,justified,justified)【釋義】1)toshowthatsb/sthisrightorreasonable證明…正確（或正當(dāng)、有理）2)togiveanexplanationorexcuseforsthorfordoingsth對(duì)…作出解釋；為…辯解（或辯護(hù)）同義詞defend【例句】?Howcantheyjustifypayingsuchhugesalaries??Hersuccesshadjustifiedthefaithherteachershadputinher.?ThePrimeMinisterhasbeenaskedtojustifythedecisiontoParliament.?Youdon'tneedtojustifyyourselftome.【翻譯】他們?cè)跄茏C明付這么大筆薪金是正當(dāng)?shù)哪?？她的成功證明了老師對(duì)她的信任是正確的。要求首相就這一決定向議會(huì)作出解釋。你不必向我解釋你的理由?！敬钆洹俊鬸ustifydoingsth◆justifysth/yourself(tosb)【派生】Adj.justified/?d??st?fa?d/1justified(indoingsth)havingagoodreasonfordoingsth（做某事）有正當(dāng)理由的：?Shefeltfullyjustifiedinaskingforhermoneyback.她認(rèn)為有充分的理由要求退款。2existingordoneforagoodreason事出有因；合乎情理：?Hisfearsprovedjustified.他之所以害怕，證明是有原因的。N.justification/?d??st?f??ke??n/justification(forsth/doingsth)agoodreasonwhysthexistsorisdone正當(dāng)理由：?Icanseenopossiblejustificationforanyfurthertaxincreases.我看不出還能提出什么理由來加稅了。?Hewasgettingangry—andwithsomejustification.他生氣了——而且不是沒有道理的。injustification(ofsb/sth)asanexplanationofwhysthexistsorwhysbhasdonesth作為（對(duì)…）的解釋（或辯護(hù)）：?AllIcansayinjustificationofheractionsisthatshewasunderalotofpressureatwork.我唯一能為她的行為辯解的理由是她工作壓力很大。otherthan1.與…不同，非2.除了Theirmotivationisotherthanme.他們的動(dòng)機(jī)不同于我的。How,ifatall,otherthanwritingtoyouanonymously,shouldwedealwiththissituation?可是現(xiàn)在，除了匿名給你寫信，我們還有什么辦法來應(yīng)對(duì)這種情況呢？IvolunteerbecauseIlovemycityandIneedtogivebacksomethingtoitotherthantaxdollars.我去做志愿者是因?yàn)槲覠釔畚业某鞘?，除了交稅我還需要償還它一些其他的東西。suppose【釋義】VYoucanusesupposeorsupposingbeforementioningapossiblesituationoraction.Youusuallythengoontoconsidertheeffectsthatthissituationoractionmighthave.假設(shè)VIfyousupposethatsomethingistrue,youbelievethatitisprobablytrue,becauseofotherthingsthatyouknow.（根據(jù)所知）料想；認(rèn)為；以為PHRASEYoucansay`Isuppose'whenyouwanttoexpressslightuncertainty.[SPOKEN,VAGUENESS]我想（表示不太確定）【例句】Supposesomeonegaveyouaneggandaskedyoutodescribeexactlywhatwasinside.IthadbeensupposedthatbythenPeterwouldbem