2017年全國碩士研究生招生考試英語二試題和答案

2017年全國碩士研究生招生考試英語二試題Directions：Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)Peoplehavespeculatedforcenturiesaboutafuturewithoutwork.Todayisnodifferent,withacademics,writers,andactivistsonceagain1thattechnologybereplacinghumanworkers.Someimaginethatthecomingwork-freeworldwillbedefinedby2.Afewwealthypeoplewillownallthecapital,andthemasseswillstruggleinanimpoverishedwasteland.Adifferentandnotmutuallyexclusive3holdsthatthefuturewillbeawastelandofadifferentsort,one4bypurposelessness：Withoutjobstogivetheirlives5,peoplewillsimplybecomelazyanddepressed.6,today’sunemployeddon’tseemtobehavingagreattime.OneGalluppollfoundthat20percentofAmericanswhohavebeenunemployedforatleastayearreporthavingdepression,doubletheratefor7Americans.Also,someresearchsuggeststhatthe8forrisingratesofmortality,mental-healthproblems,andaddicting9poorly-educatedmiddle-agedpeopleisshortageofwell-paidjobs.Perhapsthisiswhymany10theagonizingdullnessofajoblessfuture.Butitdoesn’t

11followfromfindingslikethesethataworldwithoutworkwouldbefilledwithunease.Suchvisionsaredonthe

12ofbeingunemployedinasocietybuiltontheconceptofemployment.Inthe

13ofwork,asocietydesignedwithotherendsinmindcould

14strikinglydifferentcircumstancedforthefutureoflaborandleisure.Today,the

15ofworkmaybeabitoverblown.“Manyjobsareboring,degrading,unhealthy,andawasteofhumanpotential,”saysJohnDanaher,alecturerattheNationalUniversityofIrelandinGalway.Thesedays,becauseleisuretimeisrelatively

16formostworkers,peopleusetheirfreetimetocounterbalancetheintellectualandemotional

17oftheirjobs.“WhenIcomehomefromahardday’swork,Ioftenfeel

18,”Danahersays,adding,“InaworldinwhichIdon’thavetowork,Imightfeelratherdifferent”—perhapsdifferentenoughtothrowhimself19ahobbyorapassionprojectwiththeintensityusuallyreservedfor

20matters.1.[A]boasting

[B]denying

[C]warning

[D]ensuring2.[A]inequality

[B]instability

[C]unreliability

[D]uncertainty3.[A]policy

[B]guideline

[C]resolution

[D]prediction4.[A]characterized

[B]divided

[C]balanced

[D]measured5.[A]wisdom

[B]meaning

[C]glory

[D]freedom6.[A]Instead

[B]Indeed

[C]Thus

[D]Nevertheless7.[A]rich

[B]urban

[C]working

[D]educated8.[A]explanation

[B]requirement

[C]compensation

[D]substitute9.[A]under

[B]beyond

[C]alongside

[D]among10.[A]leavebehind

[B]makeup

[C]worryabout

[D]setaside11.[A]statistically

[B]occasionally

[C]necessarily

[D]economically12.[A]chances

[B]downsides

[C]benefits

[D]principles13.[A]absence

[B]height

[C]face

[D]course14.[A]disturb

[B]restore

[C]exclude

[D]yield15.[A]model

[B]practice

[C]virtue

[D]hardship16.[A]tricky

[B]lengthy

[C]mysterious

[D]scarce17.[A]demands

[B]standards

[C]qualities

[D]threats18.[A]ignored

[B]tired

[C]confused

[D]starved19.[A]off

[B]against

[C]behind

[D]into20.[A]technological

[B]professional

[C]educational

[D]interpersonal【試題精析】1.[答案][C]warning考點(diǎn)：上下文語義理解解析：空格之后的賓語從句部分“technologyisreplacinghumanworkers.”結(jié)合選項(xiàng)，應(yīng)該選擇warning。其他三項(xiàng)[A]boasting

[B]denying

[D]ensuring均不符合此處的語境要求，故均排除?？键c(diǎn)：詞匯的一詞多義與搭配Inthe

13ofwork，asocietydesignedwithotherendsinmindcould

14strikinglydifferentcircumstancesforthefutureoflaborandleisure.該空格所選詞匯的主語是asociety賓語是differentcircumstances.根據(jù)主謂一致的原則應(yīng)該選擇yield。語義為：產(chǎn)生。15.[答案][C]virtue考點(diǎn)：上下文語義理解overblown.一詞為解題線索。含義：吹散吹倒表貶義。后面的內(nèi)容Manyjobsareboring，degrading，unhealthy，andawasteofhumanpotential，”saysJohnDanaher，alecturerattheNationalUniversityofIrelandinGalway.是對這句話的進(jìn)一步解釋，結(jié)合前后的上下文語義理解，應(yīng)選擇virtue，其他選項(xiàng)均排除。16.[答案][D]scarce考點(diǎn)：上下文語義理解

becauseleisuretimeisrelatively

16formostworkers，peopleusetheirfreetimetocounterbalancetheintellectualandemotional

17oftheirjobs.結(jié)合常識認(rèn)知及上下文理解應(yīng)該選擇scarce。17.[答案][A]demands考點(diǎn)：上下文語義理解根據(jù)語義的要求，瀏覽選項(xiàng)，只有demands符合語義要求。18.[答案][B]tired

考點(diǎn)：上下文語義理解+常識“WhenIcomehomefromahardday’swork，Ioftenfeel

18，”Danahersays，adding，“InaworldinwhichIdon’thavetowork，Imightfeelratherdifferent”.19.[答案][D]into考點(diǎn)：固定搭配+句內(nèi)語義理解perhapsdifferentenoughtothrowhimself

19ahobbyorapassionprojectwiththeintensityusuallyreservedfor

20matters.“Throwoneselfinto......”意思是：一頭扎進(jìn)；投身于，積極從事20.[答案][B]professional考點(diǎn)：復(fù)現(xiàn)+呼應(yīng)perhapsdifferentenoughtothrowhimself

intoahobbyorapassionprojectwiththeintensityusuallyreservedfor

20matters.此處空格處答案和前面的intensity形成呼應(yīng)與關(guān)聯(lián)。故此處professional符合語義需要，入選。SectionIIReadingComprehensionPartAText1EverySaturdaymorning,at9am,morethan50,000runnerssetofftorun5kmaroundtheirlocalpark.TheParkrunphenomenonbeganwithadozenfriendsandhasinspired400eventsintheUKandmoreabroad.Eventsarefree,staffedbythousandsofvolunteers.Runnersrangefromfouryearsoldtograndparents;theirtimesrangefromAndrewBaddeley’sworldrecord13minutes48secondsuptoanhour.ParkrunissucceedingwhereLondon’sOlympic“l(fā)egacy”isfailing.TenyearsagoonMonday,itwasannouncedthattheGamesofthe30thOlympiadwouldbeinLondon.PlanningdocumentspledgedthatthegreatlegacyoftheGameswouldbetolevelanationofsportloversawayfromtheircouches.Thepopulationwouldbefitter,healthierandproducemorewinners.Ithasnothappened.Thenumberofadultsdoingweeklysportdidrise,bynearly2millionintherun—upto2012—butthegeneralpopulationwasgrowingfaster.Worse,thenumbersarenowfallingatanacceleratingrate.Theoppositionclaimsprimaryschoolpupilsdoingatleasttwohoursofsportaweekhavenearlyhalved.Obesityhasrisenamongadultsandchildren.OfficialretrospectionscontinueastowhyLondon2012failedto“inspireageneration.”ThesuccessofParkrunoffersanswers.Parkunisnotaracebutatimetrial：Youronlycompetitoristheclock.Theethoswelcomesanybody.Thereisasmuchjoyoverapuffed-outfirst-timerbeingclappedoverthelineasthereisabouttoptalentshining.TheOlympicbidders,bycontrast,wantedtogetmorepeopledoingsportsandtoproducemoreeliteathletes.Thedualaimwasmixedup：Thestressonsuccessovertakingpartwasintimidatingfornewcomers.Indeed,thereissomethingalittleabsurdinthestategettinginvolvedintheplanningofsuchafundamentally“grassroots”,conceptascommunitysportsassociations.Ifthereisaroleforgovernment,itshouldreallybegettinginvolvedinprovidingcommongoods—makingsurethereisspaceforplayingfieldsandthemoneytopavetennisandnetballcourts,andencouragingtheprovisionofalltheseactivitiesinschools.Butsuccessivegovernmentshavepresidedoversellinggreenspaces,squeezingmoneyfromlocalauthoritiesanddecliningattentiononsportineducation.Insteadofwordy,worthystrategies,futuregovernmentsneedtodomoretoprovidetheconditionsforsporttothrive.Oratleastnotmakethemworse.21.【題干】AccordingtoParagraph1,Parkrunhas_____.【選項(xiàng)】A．gainedgreatpopularityB．createdmanyjobsC．strengthenedcommunitytiesD．becomeanofficialfestival【答案】A【解析】由題干中的關(guān)鍵詞AccordingtoParagraph1,可以快速的定位到文中的第一段，第一段講了每周六大約有五萬多人都會在他們當(dāng)?shù)氐墓珗@里跑步，跑步的年齡跨度之大：從4歲的小朋友到祖父母年紀(jì)的人都有；跑步所用的時(shí)間跨度也很大：從世界紀(jì)錄的13分48秒到一個(gè)小時(shí)。由此可見，這是一個(gè)全民運(yùn)動，與A選項(xiàng)的greatpopularity相互對應(yīng)，所以選A.其他選項(xiàng)，B創(chuàng)造了很多就業(yè)機(jī)會；C增強(qiáng)了社會的凝聚力；D成為一個(gè)官方的節(jié)日；這幾個(gè)選項(xiàng)原文中都沒有涉及，所以排除。

22.【題干】TheauthorbelievesthatLondon'sOlympic"legacy"hasfailedto_____.【選項(xiàng)】A．boostpopulationgrowthB．promotesportparticipationC．improvethecity'simageD．increasesporthoursinschools【答案】B【解析】可以發(fā)現(xiàn)原文中第二段第一句話ParkrunissucceedingwhereLondon’sOlympic“l(fā)egacy”isfailing與題干中的關(guān)鍵詞London’sOlympic“l(fā)egacy”hasfailedto...對應(yīng)，所以可以鎖定文章的第二段，從而找出解題的關(guān)鍵。第二段前半部分講了在最初的時(shí)候Olympic的目標(biāo)，然而，事實(shí)卻事與愿違，...butthegeneralpopulationwasgrowingfaster.Worse,thenumbersarenowfallingatanacceleratingrate.由這句話可以看出，Olympic并沒有推動大眾的參與性，與預(yù)期的目標(biāo)不符，所以選擇B。

23.【題干】ParkrunisdifferentfromOlympicgamesinthatit_____.【選項(xiàng)】A．a(chǎn)imsatdiscoveringtalentsB．focusesonmasscompetitionC．doesnotemphasizeelitismD．doesnotattractfirst-timers【答案】C【解析】由題干中的關(guān)鍵詞ParkrunisdifferentfromOlympicgamesinthat...可以知道這是想考察Parkrun和Olympic的區(qū)別。追溯到原文，可以看到文中的第三段第一句話：Parkrunisnotaracebutatimetrial.從這句話可以排除A和B，因?yàn)锳和B都和競爭有關(guān)，D選項(xiàng)可以從這一段的這一句話：thereismuchjoyoverapuffed-outfirst-timerbeingclappedoverthelineasthereis...可知，Parkrun有很多第一次參加的人，所以排除D.最后可以知道，答案選C，因?yàn)閜arkrun不是比賽，所以就不重視精英主義。

24.【題干】Withregardtomasssport,theauthorholdsthatgovernmentsshould_____.【選項(xiàng)】A．organize"grassroots"sportseventsB．superviselocalsportsassociationsC．increasefundsforsportsclubsD．investinpublicsportsfacilities【答案】D【解析】由題干中的關(guān)鍵詞thegovernmentsshould...,可以知道，命題人想要考察的是對于Parkrun這一項(xiàng)大眾運(yùn)動，政府應(yīng)該做點(diǎn)什么。所以，考生要快速的定位到原文中有關(guān)政府的段落，即第四段，Ifthereisaroleforgovernment,itshouldreallybegettinginvolvedinprovidingcommongoods—makingsurethereisspaceforplayingfieldsandthemoneytopavetennisandnetballcourts,andencouragingtheprovisionofalltheseactivitiesinschools.從這里可以知道，作者希望政府能夠?yàn)镻arkrun提供場所和錢，并針對學(xué)校制定相關(guān)條例以鼓勵全民運(yùn)動。由此可以排除A，B，C.最終選擇D。

25.【題干】Theauthor'sattitudetowhatUKgovernmentshavedoneforsportsis_____.【選項(xiàng)】A．tolerantB．criticalC．uncertainD．sympathetic【答案】B【解析】由題干中的關(guān)鍵詞theauthor’sattitudetowhatUKgovernmenthavedoneforsport可以再次鎖定原文中關(guān)于政府的部分，可見這一題與24題是有一定聯(lián)系的。第四段一開始作者提出了自己對政府的期許，但是事實(shí)上，政府卻沒有達(dá)到這一期許。Butsuccessivegovernmenthavepresidedoversellinggreenspaces,squeezingmoneyfromlocalauthoritiesanddecliningattentiononsportineducation.政府負(fù)責(zé)賣地，從地方政府壓榨金錢，不重視學(xué)校的體育運(yùn)動?？梢姡颂幾髡咧肛?zé)政府的一系列行為，由此可以得出答案B.tolerant:寬容的，容忍的；uncertain：含糊的，不確定的；sympathetic：同情的，贊同的。

Text2Withsomuchfocusonchildren’suseofscreens,it’seasyforparentstoforgetabouttheirownscreenuse.“Techisdesignedtoreallysuckonyouin,”saysJennyRadeskyinherstudyofdigitalplay,“anddigitalproductsaretheretopromotemaximalengagement.Itmakesithardtodisengage,andleadstoalotofbleed-overintothefamilyroutine.”Radeskyhasstudiedtheuseofmobilephonesandtabletsatmealtimesbygivingmother-childpairsafood-testingexercise.Shefoundthatmotherswhosueddevicesduringtheexercisestarted20percentfewerverbaland39percentfewernonverbalinteractionswiththeirchildren.Duringaseparateobservation,shesawthatphonesbecameasourceoftensioninthefamily.Parentswouldbelookingattheiremailswhilethechildrenwouldbemakingexcitedbidsfortheirattention.Infantsarewiredtolookatparents’facestotrytounderstandtheirworld,andifthosefacesareblankandunresponsive—astheyoftenarewhenabsorbedinadevice—itcanbeextremelydisconcertingfoethechildren.Radeskycitesthe“stillfaceexperiment”devisedbydevelopmentalpsychologistEdTronickinthe1970s.Init,amotherisaskedtointeractwithherchildinanormalwaybeforeputtingonablankandnotgivingthemanyvisualsocialfeedback;Thechildbecomesincreasinglydistressedasshetriestocapturehermother’sattention.“Parentsdon’thavetobeexquisitelyparentsatalltimes,butthereneedstobeabalanceandparentsneedtoberesponsiveandsensitivetoachild’sverbalornonverbalsofanemotionalneed,”saysRadesky.Ontheotherhand,Tronickhimselfisconcernedthattheworriesaboutkids’useofscreensarebornoutofan“oppressiveideologythatdemandsthatparentsshouldalwaysbeinteracting”withtheirchildren:“It’sdonasomewhatfantasized,verywhite,veryupper-middle-classideologythatsaysifyou’refailingtoexposeyourchildto30,000wordsyouareneglectingthem.”Tronickbelievesthatjustbecauseachildisn’tlearningfromthescreendoesn’tmeanthere’snovaluetoit—particularlyifitgivesparentstimetohaveashower,dohouseworkorsimplyhaveabreakfromtheirchild.Parents,hesays,cangetalotoutofusingtheirdevicestospeaktoafriendorgetsomeworkoutoftheway.Thiscanmakethemfeelhappier,whichletsthenbemoreavailabletotheirchildtherestofthetime.26.【題干】AccordingtoJennyRadesky,digitalproductsaredesignedto______.【選項(xiàng)】A．simplifyroutinemattersB．a(chǎn)bsorbuserattentionC．betterinterpersonalrelationsD．increaseworkefficiency【答案】B【解析】由題干中的關(guān)鍵詞JennyRadesky,可以快速的定位到文中提到此人物的第一段第二行，接著題干中說digitalproductsaredesignedto..可以知道，考查的是數(shù)碼產(chǎn)品的目的，回歸到文中第一段第二行，可知JennyRadesky說了這樣一句話：Techisdesignedtoreallysuckonyouin,anddigitalproductsaretheretopromotemaximalengagement....電子產(chǎn)品就是為了促進(jìn)最大程度的參與性，由此可以得出答案B為了吸引用戶的注意力。其余選項(xiàng)在JennyRadesky的話中都沒有體現(xiàn)。

27.【題干】Radesky’sfood-testingexerciseshowsthatmothers’useofdevices______.【選項(xiàng)】A．takesawaybabies’appetiteB．distractschildren’sattentionC．slowsdownbabies’verbaldevelopmentD．reducesmother-childcommunication【答案】D【解析】由題干中的關(guān)鍵詞food-testingexercise,mother’suseofdevices.可以快速的定位到第二段第二行:Shefoundthatmotherswhosueddevicesduringtheexercisestarted20percentfewerverbaland39percentfewernonverbalinteractionswiththeirchildren.從這里可以知道，母親使用手機(jī)會減少20%的語言交流機(jī)會，39%的非語言交流。由此可以得出答案為D.減少了母親和孩子之間的交流。

28.【題干】Radesky’scitesthe“stillfaceexperiment”toshowthat_______.【選項(xiàng)】A．itiseasyforchildrentogetusedtoblankexpressionsB．verbalexpressionsareunnecessaryforemotionalexchangeC．childrenareinsensitivetochangesintheirparents’moodD．parentsneedtorespondtochildren'semotionalneeds【答案】D【解析】本題目是具體細(xì)節(jié)題。題干中的關(guān)鍵詞Radesky和stillfaceexperiment定位到倒數(shù)第三段大寫R處，題目問實(shí)驗(yàn)一定要找實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)論，結(jié)論在本段最后一句的but之后，這里提到了parentsneedbetoresponsive...to...emotionalneed，父母需要對情感需求做出回應(yīng)。正確答案D是原文的原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。干擾項(xiàng)A的blankexpressions是原文實(shí)驗(yàn)里面的具體內(nèi)容，非實(shí)驗(yàn)表明；選項(xiàng)B是最后一句的個(gè)別詞干擾；選項(xiàng)C偷換概念，不是childrenareinsensitive，而是parents。

29.【題干】TheoppressiveideologymentionedbyTronickrequiresparentsto_______.【選項(xiàng)】A．protectkidsfromexposuretowildfantasiesB．teachtheirkidsatleast30,000wordsayearC．ensureconstantinteractionwiththeirchildrenD．remainconcernedaboutkid'suseofscreens【答案】C【解析】本題目為具體細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干的關(guān)鍵詞oppressiveideology和大寫字母Tronick定位到最后一段的第一句話that之后。本句that后的demands對應(yīng)題干的requires，說道“父母應(yīng)該總是要交流”。正確選項(xiàng)C的constantinteraction對應(yīng)原文的alwaysinteracting。干擾項(xiàng)A的fantasies是定位句下一句中的個(gè)別詞干擾；選項(xiàng)B的30000words同樣是定位句之后的句子中提到的，而且是if的一個(gè)條件句；選項(xiàng)D的concerned是末段首句的concerned，但是偷換概念。

30.【題干】AccordingtoTronick,kid’suseofscreensmay_______.【選項(xiàng)】A．givetheirparentssomefreetimeB．maketheirparentsmorecreativeC．helpthemwiththeirhomeworkD．helpthembecomemoreattentive【答案】A【解析】本題目為文中人物觀點(diǎn)的細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干中的大寫字母Tronick及關(guān)鍵詞kid定位到最后一段的倒數(shù)第三句，破折號后面解釋了kid’suseofscreens的具體目的?！癷tgivesparentstimeto...”與正確選項(xiàng)A完全一致，屬于原文的原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。干擾項(xiàng)B的creative并未提及；選項(xiàng)C的homework根據(jù)原文的housework進(jìn)行干擾，原文是父母有時(shí)間做家務(wù)，而選項(xiàng)是幫助孩子做作業(yè)；選項(xiàng)D的attentive并未提及。

Text3Today,widespreadsocialpressuretoimmediatelygotocollegeinconjunctionwithincreasinglyhighexpectationsinafast-movingworldoftencausesstudentstocompletelyoverlookthepossibilityoftakingagapyear.Afterall,ifeveryoneyouknowisgoingtocollegeinthefall,itseemssillytostaybackayear,doesn’tit?Andaftergoingtoschoolfor12years,itdoesn’tfeelnaturaltospendayeardoingsomethingthatisn’tacademic.Butwhilethismaybetrue,it’snotagoodenoughreasontocondemngapyears.There’salwaysaconstantfearoffallingbehindeveryoneelseonthesociallyperpetuated“racetothefinishline,”whetherthatbetowardgraduateschool,medicalschoolorlucrativecareer.Butdespitecommonmisconceptions,agapyeardoesnothinderthesuccessofacademicpursuits—infact,itprobablyenhancesit.StudiesfromtheUnitedStatesandAustraliashowthatstudentswhotakeagapyeararegenerallybetterpreparedforandperformbetterincollegethanthosewhodonot.Ratherthanpullingstudentsback,agapyearpushesthemaheadbypreparingthemforindependence,newresponsibilitiesandenvironmentalchanges—allthingsthatfirst-yearstudentsoftenstrugglewiththemost.Gapyearexperiencescanlessentheblowwhenitcomestoadjustingtocollegeandbeingthrownintoabrandnewenvironment,makingiteasiertofocusonacademicsandactivitiesratherthanacclimationblunders.Ifyou’renotconvincedoftheinherentvalueintakingayearofftoexploreinterests,thenconsideritsfinancialimpactonfutureacademicchoices.AccordingtotheNationalCenterforEducationStatistics,nearly80percentofcollegestudentsendupchangingtheirmajorsatleastonce.Thisisn’tsurprising,consideringthebasicmandatoryhighschoolcurriculumleavesstudentswithapoorunderstandingofthemselveslistingonemajorontheircollegeapplications,butswitchingtoanotheraftertakingcollegeclasses.It’snotnecessarilyabadthing,butdependingontheschool,itcanbecostlytomakeupcreditsafterswitchingtoolateinthegame.AtBostonCollege,forexample,youwouldhavetocompleteanextrayearwereyoutoswitchtothenursingschoolfromanotherdepartment.Takingagapyeartofigurethingsoutinitiallycanhelppreventstressandsavemoneylateron.31.【題干】Oneofthereasonsforhigh-schoolgraduatesnottakingagapyearisthat_____.【選項(xiàng)】A．theythinkitacademicallymisleadingB．theyhavealotoffuntoexpectincollegeC．itfeelsstrangetododifferentlyfromothersD．itseemsworthlesstotakeoff-campuscourses【答案】C【解析】題目問的是高中畢業(yè)生不選擇間隔年原因之一是什么。根據(jù)題目中的high-school和gapyear和定位到第一段第一句話。這句話后面一句的afterall可以知道后面應(yīng)該是解釋理由了，Afterall,ifeveryoneyouknowisgoingtocollegeinthefall,itseemssillytostaybackayear,doesn'tit?這句話是說如果大家秋天都上大學(xué)去了，你要是晚了一年看起來有點(diǎn)傻。這個(gè)句子等同于C選項(xiàng)中的feelstrangetododifferentlyfromothers，因此選C。

32.【題干】StudiesfromtheUSandAustraliaimplythattakingagapyearhelps_____.【選項(xiàng)】A．keepstudentsfrombeingunrealisticB．lowerrisksinchoosingcareersC．easefreshmen’sfinancialburdensD．relievefreshmenofpressures【答案】D【解析】根據(jù)題目中的studyfromtheAustraliaandUS可以定位到第三段第一句話StudiesfromtheUnitedStatesandAustraliashowthatstudentswhotakeagapyeararegenerallybetterpreparedforandperformbetterincollegethanthosewhodonot.。這句話明確說了有間隔年的學(xué)生比沒有的要好，好在準(zhǔn)備和表現(xiàn)上。所以A：unrealistic和B：choosingcareer不對。第二句在表現(xiàn)好的更細(xì)致地方面進(jìn)行了描述：preparingthemforindependence獨(dú)立性,newresponsibilities責(zé)任感andenvironmentalchanges環(huán)境變化。緊隨的破折號后總結(jié)說了這是first-yearstudents一年級學(xué)生oftenstrugglewiththemost常常有苦惱的。說明最受益的是大學(xué)一年級學(xué)生，而整段都沒提過financialburdens，所以C不對。而D中的pressure是對前面內(nèi)容的概括性描述，因此答案是D。

33.【題干】Theword“acclimation”（Line8,Para.3）isclosestinmeaningto_____.【選項(xiàng)】A．a(chǎn)daptationB．a(chǎn)pplicationC．motivationD．competition【答案】A【解析】這題根據(jù)題干中給的信息，到第三段最后一句中去找答案，Gapyearexperiencescan...whenitcomestoadjustingtocollege...,makingiteasierto...ratherthanacclimationblunders.這個(gè)句子分兩部分，逗號+making分詞作狀語，從功能上是解釋補(bǔ)充說明前面半句，所以間隔年的好處是能幫助新生調(diào)節(jié)適應(yīng)大學(xué)，而不用擔(dān)心acclimation問題，所以acclimation當(dāng)然就是適應(yīng)的意思了。因此A為正確答案。

34.【題干】Agapyearmaysavemoneyforstudentsbyhelpingthem_____.【選項(xiàng)】A．a(chǎn)voidacademicfailuresB．establishlong-termgoalsC．switchtoanothercollegeD．decideontherightmajor【答案】D【解析】文章最后一段第一句提到了consideritsfinancialimpactonfutureacademicchoices。Financial對應(yīng)題干中的savemoney，而academicchoices學(xué)術(shù)選擇可以排除A和B。根據(jù)最后一段第三句...students...listingonemajorontheircollegeapplications,butswitchingtoanotheraftertakingcollegeclasses.所以第一句中的academicchoices指的就是轉(zhuǎn)專業(yè)的事兒，因此選D。

35.【題干】Themostsuitabletitleforthistextwouldbe_____.【選項(xiàng)】A．InFavoroftheGapYearB．TheABCsoftheGapYearC．TheGapYearComesBackD．TheGapYear:ADilemma【答案】A【解析】第二段第一句話Butwhilethismaybetrue,it'snotagoodenoughreasontocondemngapyears.就用but句說明了全文就是想說間隔年你值得擁有。而選項(xiàng)中只有A選項(xiàng)infavorof是持正面積極態(tài)度的，因此選A。

Text4Thoughoftenviewedasaproblemforwesternstates,thegrowingfrequencyofwildfiresisanationalconcernbecauseofitsimpactonfederaltaxdollars,saysProfessorMaxMoritz,aspecialistinfireecologyandmanagement.In2015,theUSForestServiceforthefirsttimespentmorethanhalfofits$5.5billionannualbudgetfightingfires—nearlydoublethepercentageitspentonsuchefforts20yearsago.Ineffect,fewerfederalfundstodayaregoingtowardstheagency’sotherwork—suchasforestconservation,watershedandculturalresourcesmanagement,andinfrastructureupkeep—thataffectthelivesofallAmericans.Anothernationwideconcerniswhetherpublicfundsfromotheragenciesaregoingintoconstructioninfire-pronedistricts.AsMoritzputsit,howoftenarefederaldollarsbuildinghomesthatarelikelytobelosttoawildfire?“It’salreadyahugeproblemfromapublicexpenditureperspectiveforthewholecountry,”hesays.”Weneedtotakeamagnifyingglasstothat.Like,“Waitaminute,isthisOK?”“Dowewantinsteadtoredirectthosefundstoconcentrateonlower-hazardpartsofthelandscape?”SuchaviewwouldrequireacorrespondingshiftinthewayUSsocietytodayviewsfire,researcherssay.Foronething,conversationsaboutwildfiresneedtobemoreinclusive.Overthepastdecade,thefocushasbeenonclimatechange—howthewarmingoftheEarthfromgreenhousegasesisleadingtoconditionsthatworsenfires.Whileclimateisakeyelement,Moritzsays,itshouldn’tcomeattheexpenseoftherestoftheequation.“Thehumansystemsandthelandscapesweliveonareed,andtheinteractionsgobothways,”hesays.Failingtorecognizethat,henotes,leadsto“anoverlysimplifiedviewofwhatthesolutionsmightbe.Ourperceptionoftheproblemandofwhatthesolutionisbecomesverylimited.”Atthesametime,peoplecontinuetotreatfireasaneventthatneedstobewhollycontrolledandunleashedonlyoutofnecessity,saysProfessorBalchattheUniversityofColorado.Butacknowledgingfire’sinevitablepresenceinhumanlifeisanattitudecrucialtodevelopingthelaws,policies,andpracticesthatmakeitassafeaspossible,shesays.“We’vedisconnectedourselvesfromlivingwithfire,”Balchsays.“Itisreallyimportanttounderstandandtryandteaseoutwhatisthehumanconnectionwithfiretoday.”36.【題干】Morefrequentwildfireshavebecomeanationalconcernbecausein2015they_____.【選項(xiàng)】A．exhaustedunprecedentedmanagementeffortsB．consumedarecord-highpercentageofbudgetC．severelydamagedtheecologyofwesternstatesD．causedahugeriseofinfrastructureexpenditure【答案】B【解析】本題目是原因細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干的關(guān)鍵詞wildfires和nationalconcern，以及時(shí)間詞2015，定位到第二段首句。本句提到US花費(fèi)了大量的budget，與選項(xiàng)B中的budget原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)，high是原文morethan的同義轉(zhuǎn)化，consume同義替換原文spent。干擾項(xiàng)A的management是首段末句的人物MaxMoritz的職位；選項(xiàng)C的westernstates是首段首句的though從句內(nèi)容，和題干無關(guān)，屬于答非所問；選項(xiàng)D的infrastructure是原文末尾的破折號里suchas的內(nèi)容，兩個(gè)破折號里面一定不選。

37.【題干】Moritzcallsfortheuseof"amagnifyingglass"to_____.【選項(xiàng)】A．raisemorefundsforfire-proneareasB．a(chǎn)voidtheredirectionoffederalmoneyC．findwildfire-freepartsofthelandscapeD．guaranteesaferspendingofpublicfunds【答案】D【解析】本題目為具體細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干的關(guān)鍵詞amagnifyingglass和大寫字母Moritz定位到第四段第二句，目的就是最后一句。本句提到“toredirectthosefunds”，基金重新引導(dǎo)，本段首句也提及ahugeproblemfrom...publicexpenditure。正確答案D的guaranteesaferspending是對這兩句的完全概括，討論公共基金更好的花費(fèi)問題。干擾項(xiàng)A提到fund，但未說raisemore，添加無關(guān)內(nèi)容；選項(xiàng)B與原文剛好相反，不是avoid避免；選項(xiàng)C是對原文lower-hazardpartsofthelandscape的偷換概念。

38.【題干】Whileadmittingthatclimateisakeyelement,Moritznotesthat_____.【選項(xiàng)】A．publicdebateshavenotsettledyetB．fire-fightingconditionsareimprovingC．otherfactorsshouldnotbeoverlookedD．a(chǎn)shiftintheviewoffirehastakenplace【答案】C【解析】本題是文中人物觀點(diǎn)的細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干的關(guān)鍵詞climateisakeyelement及大寫字母Moritz定位到第7段的內(nèi)容。本句中Moritz提到“shouldnotcomeattheexpenseoftheequation”，不以平等的代價(jià)而來。正確答案A中的不應(yīng)該忽視其他因素是對本句的同義轉(zhuǎn)化與概括。干擾項(xiàng)A的publicdebates來自第6段的thefocus但未提及settle的話題，也非本題定位句；干擾項(xiàng)B的conditions是第6段的最后一句conditionsthatworsenfires，偷換動詞worsen與improving；選項(xiàng)D的ashiftintheviewof是出現(xiàn)在第五段，時(shí)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤，原文是wouldrequire，選項(xiàng)是hastakenplace。

39.【題干】TheoverlysimplifiedviewMoritzmentionsisaresultoffailingto_____.【選項(xiàng)】A．discoverthefundamentalmakeupofnatureB．explorethemechanismofthehumansystemsC．maximizetheroleoflandscapeinhumanlifeD．understandtheinterrelationsofmanandnature【答案】D【解析】本題目為原因細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞simplifiedviewMoritz定位到第8段的首句，“thehumansystemsandthelandscapes...arelinkedandtheinteractionsgobothways”,人類與環(huán)境是相聯(lián)系的，并且是相互作用的。正確答案D的interactions是原文的原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)，manandnature同義替換原文的human...andlandscapes。干擾項(xiàng)A原文未提及；選項(xiàng)B的humansystems是原詞，但是并無mechanism偷換概念；選項(xiàng)C的landscape和human是原詞出現(xiàn)，但添加無關(guān)信息maximize。

40.【題干】ProfessorBalchpointsoutthatfireissomethingmanshould_____.【選項(xiàng)】A．doawaywithB．cometotermswithC．payapriceforD．keepawayfrom【答案】B【解析】本題目為文中人物觀點(diǎn)的細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干的大寫字母ProfessorBalch和fire，man定位到最后一段的最后一句，“importanttounderstand...humanconnectionwithfire”，人與火之間的聯(lián)系。正確答案B的意思是達(dá)成協(xié)議，符合原文。干擾項(xiàng)A的doawaywith是廢除；選項(xiàng)C的payapricefor是付出代價(jià)；選項(xiàng)D的keepawayfrom遠(yuǎn)離。

PartBThedeclineinAmericanmanufacturingisacommonrefrain,particularlyfromDonaldTrump.“Wedon’tmakeanythinganymore,”hetoldFoxNews,whiledefendinghisownmade-in-Mexicoclothingline.Withoutquestion,manufacturinghastakenasignificanthitduringrecentdecades,andfurthertradedealsraisequestionsaboutwhethernewshockscouldhitmanufacturing.Butthereisalsoadifferentwaytolookatthedata.Acrossthecountry,factoryownersarenowgrapplingwithanewchallenge：insteadofhavingtoomanyworkers,theymayendupwithtoofew.Despitetradecompetitionandoutsourcing,Americanmanufacturingstillneedstoreplacetensofthousandsofretiringboomerseveryyears.Millennialsmaynotbethatinterestedintakingtheirplace,otherindustriesarerecruitingthemwithsimilarorbetterpay.Forfactoryowners,italladdsuptostiffcompetitionforworkers—andupwardpressureonwages.“They’rehardertofindandtheyhavejoboffers,”saysJayDunwell,presidentofWolverineCoilSpring,afamily-ownedfirm,“Theymaybecoming[intotheworkforce],butthey’vebeenpluckedbyotherindustriesthatarealsodoinganwellasmanufacturin