2006年全國(guó)入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試英語(yǔ)試題

2006年入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試英語(yǔ)試SectionI:UseofEnglishReadthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmark[A],[B],[C]or[D]onANSWERSHEET1.(10points)ThehomelessmakeupagrowingpercentageofAmerica’spopulation.1 homelessnesshasreachedsuchproportionsthatlocalernmentcan’tpossibly2.Tohelphomelesspeople3 independence,thefederalernmentmustsupportjobtrainingprograms,4 minimumwage,andfundmorelow-costhousing. everyoneagreesonthenumbersofAmericanswhoarehomeless.Estimates anywherefrom600,000to3million. thefiguremayvary,ystsdoagreeonmatter:thatthenumberofthehomelessis8.Oneofthefederalernment’sstudies9 thatthenumberofthehomelesswillreachnearly19millionbytheendofthisdecade.Findingwaysto thisgrowinghomelesspopulation eincreasingly11 whenhomelessindividualsmanagetofinda12 thatwillgivethemthreemealsadayandacetosleepatnight,agoodnumberstillspendthebulkofeachday13 thestreet.Partoftheproblemisthatmanyhomelessadultsareaddictedtoalcoholordrugs.Andasignificantnumberofthehomelesshaveseriousmentaldisorders.Manyothers,14 notaddictedormentallyill,simplylacktheeveryday15 skillsneedtoturntheirlives16.BostonGlobereporterChrisReidynotesthatthesituationwillimproveonlywhenthereare17 thataddressthemanyneedsofthehomeless.18 EdwardBlotkowsk,directorofcommunityserviceatBentleyCollegeinMassachusetts,19 it,“Therehastobe20 ofprograms.Whatweneedisapackage[A][A][A][A][A][A][A]NowExcept[A][A]dis[A][A][A][A][A][A][A][A][A][A][A]SectionII:ReadingComprehensionPartAReadthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosing[A],[B],[C],or[D].MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)Inspiteof“endlesstalkofdifference,”Americansocietyisanamazingmachineforhomogenizingpeople.Thisis“thedemocratizinguniformityofdressanddiscourse,andthecasualnessandabsenceofdeference”characteristicofpopularculture.Peopleareabsorbedinto“acultureconsumption”launchedbythe19th-centurydepartmentstoresthatoffered“vastarraysofgoodsinanelegantatmosphere.”Insteadofintimateshopscateringto“aknowledgeableelite,”thesewerestores“anyonecouldenter,regardlessofclassorbackground.”Thisturnedshopintoapublicanddemocraticact.Themassmedia,advertisingandsportsareothersforhomogenization.Immigrantsarequicklyfittingintothiscommonculture,whichmaynotbealtogetherelevatingbutishardlypoisonous.WritingfortheNationalImmigrationForum,GregoryRodriguezreportsthattoday’simmigrationisneitheratunprecedentedlevelnorresistanttoassimilation.In1998immigrantswere9.8percentofpopulation;in1900,13.6percent.Inthe10yearspriorto1990,3.1immigrantsarrivedforevery1,000residents;inthe10yearspriorto1890,9.2forevery1,000.Now,considerthreeindicesofassimilation--language,homeownershipandintermarriage.The1990Censusrevealedthat“amajorityofimmigrantsfromeachofthefifteenmostcommoncountriesoforiginspokeEnglish‘well’or‘verywell’aftertenyearsofresidence.”ThechildrenofimmigrantstendtobebilingualandproficientinEnglish.“Bythethirdgeneration,theoriginallanguageislostinthemajorityofimmigrantfamilies.”HencethedescriptionofAmericaasa“graveyard”forlanguage.By1996foreign-bornimmigrantswhohadarrivebefore1970hadahomeownershiprateof75.6percent,higherthanthe69.8percentrateamongnative-bornForeign-bornAsiansandHispanics“havehigherratesofintermarriagethandoU.S.-bornwhitesandblacks.”Bythethirdgeneration,onethirdofHispanicwomenaremarriedtonon-and41percentofAsian-Americanwomenaremarriedtonon-RodrigueznotesthatchildreninremotevillagesaroundworldarefansofsuperstarslikeAmoldSchwarzeneggerandGarthBrooks,yet“someAmericansfearthatimmigrantlivingwithintheUnitedStatesremainsomehowimmunetothenation’sassimilativepower.”AretheredivisiveissuesandpocketsofseethinginAmerica?Indeed.Itisbigenoughtohaveabitofeverything.ButparticularlywhenviewedagainstAmerica’sturbulentpast,today’ssocialindiceshardlysuggestadarkanddeterioratingsocialTheword“homogenizing”(Line2,Paragraph1)mostprobablymeans Accordingtotheauthor,thedepartmentstoresofthe19thcentury yedaroleinthespreadofpopularbecameintimateshopsforcommonsatisfiedtheneedsofaknowledgeableoweditsemergencetothecultureofThetextsuggeststhatimmigrantsnowintheU.S. areresistanttoexertagreatinfluenceonAmericanarehardlyathreattothecommonconstitutethemajorityoftheWhyareAmoldSchwarzeneggerandGarthBrooksmentionedinParagraphToprovetheirpopularityaroundtheTorevealthepublic’sfearofTogiveexamplesofsuccessfulToshowthepowerfulinfluenceofAmericanIntheauthor’sopinion,theabsorptionofimmigrantsintoAmericansocietyis Text2Stratford-on-Avon,asweallknow,hasonlyoneindustry--WilliamShakespeare--buttherearetwodistinctlyseparateandincreasinglyhostilebranches.ThereistheRoyalShakespeare(ASC),whichpresentssuperbproductionsoftheysattheShakespeareMemorialTheatreontheAvon.Andtherearethetownsfolkwholargelyliveoffthetouristswhocome,nottoseetheys,buttolookatAnneHathaway’sCottage,Shakespeare’sbirthceandtheotherTheworthyresidentsofStratforddoubtthatthetheatreaddsapennytotheirrevenue.franklydisliketheRSC’sactors,themwiththeirlonghairandbeardsandsandalsandnoisiness.It’salldeliciouslyironicwhenyouconsiderthatShakespeare,whoearnstheirliving,washimselfanactor(withabeard)anddidhisshareofnoise-making.Thetouriststreamsarenotentirelyseparate.Thesightseerswhocomebybus--andoftentakeWarwickCastleandBlenheimPalaceontheside--don’tusuallyseetheys,andsomeofthemareevensurprisedtofindatheatreinStratford.However,theygoersdomanagealittlesight-seeingalongwiththeirygoing.Itistheygoers,theESCcontends,whobringinmuchofthetown’srevenuebecausetheyspendthenight(someofthemfourorfivenights)pouringcashintothehosandrestaurants.Thesightseerscantakeineverythingandgetoutoftownbynightfall.Thetownsfolkdon’tseeitthiswayandlocalcouncildoesnotcontributedirectlytothesubsidyoftheRoyalShakespeareStratfordcriespoortraditionally.Neverthelesseveryhointownseemstobeaddinganewwingorcocktaillounge.Hiltonisbuildingitsownhothere,whichyoumaybesurewillbedecoratedwithHamletHamburgerBars,theLearLounge,theBanquoBanquetingRoom,andsoforth,andwillbeveryexpensive.Anyway,thetownsfolkcan’tunderstandwhytheRoyalShakespeareneedsasubsidy.(Thetheatrehasbrokenattendancerecordsforthreeyearsinarow.Lastyearits1,431seatswere94percentoccupiedallyearlongandthisyearthey’lldobetter.)Thereason,ofcourse,isthatcostshaveedandticketpriceshavestayedItwouldbeashametoraisepricestoomuchbecauseitwoulddriveawaytheyoungpeoplewhoareStratford’smostattractiveele.Theycomeentirelyfortheys,notthesights.Theyallseemtolookalike(thoughtheycomefromallover)--lean,pointed,dedicatedfaces,wearingnsandsandals,eatingtheirbunsandbeddingdownforthenightontheflagstonesoutsidethetheatretobuythe20seatsand80standing-roomticketsheldforthesleepersandsoldtothemwhentheboxofficeopensat10:30a.m.FromthefirsttwoParagraphs,welearnthat thetownsfolkdenytheRSC’scontributiontothetown’stheactorsoftheRSCimitateShakespeareonandoffthetwobranchesoftheRSCarenotongoodthetownsfolkearnlittlefromItcanbeinferredfromParagraph3that thesightseerscannotvisittheCastleandthePalaceseparatheygoersspendmoremoneythanthethesightseersdomoreshopthanthetheygoersgotonoothercesintownthantheBysaying“Stratfordcriespoortraditionally”(Line2-3,Paragraph4),theauthorimplies StratfordcannotaffordtheexpansionStratfordhaslongbeeninfinancialthetownisnotreallyshortofthetownsfolkusedtobepoorlyAccordingtothetownsfolk,theRSCdeservesnosubsidybecause ticketpricescanberaisedtocoverthetheisfinanciallyill-thebehavioroftheactorsisnotsociallythetheatreattendanceisontheFromthetextwecanconcludethattheauthor issupportiveofbothfavorsthetownsfolk’stakesadetachedissympatheticText3Whenprehistoricmanarrivedinnewpartsoftheworld,somethingstrangehappenedtothelargeanimals.Theysuddenlybecameextinct.Smallerspeciessurvived.Thelarge,slow-growinganimalswereeasygame,andwerequicklyhuntedtoextinction.Nowsomethingsimilarcouldbehappeningintheoceans.Thattheseasarebeingoverfishedhasbeenknownforyears.WhatresearcherssuchasRansomMyersandBorisWormhaveshownisjusthowfastthingsarechanging.Theyhavelookedathalfacenturyofdatafromfisheriesaroundtheworld.Theirmethodsdonotattempttoestimatetheactualbiomass(theamountoflivingbiologicalmatter)offishspeciesinparticularpartsoftheocean,butratherchangesinthatbiomassovertime.AccordingtotheirlatestpaperpublishedinNature,thebiomassoflargepredators(animalsthatkillandeatotheranimals)inanewfisheryisreducedonaverageby80%within15yearsofthestartofexploitation.Insomelong-fishedareas,ithashalvedagainsincethen.Dr.Wormacknowledgesthatthefiguresareconservative.Onereasonforthisisthattechnologyhasimproved.Today’svesselscanfindtheirpreyusingsalitesandsonar,whichwerenotavailable50yearsago.Thatmeansahigherproportionofwhatisintheseaisbeingcaught,sotherealdifferencebetweenpresentandpastislikelytobeworsethantheonerecordedbychangesincatchsizes.Intheearlydays,too,longlineswouldhavebeenmoresaturatedwithfish.Someindividualswouldthereforenothavebeencaught,sincenobaitedhookswouldhavebeenavailabletotrapthem,leadingtoanunderestimateoffishstocksinthepast.Furthermore,intheearlydaysoflonglinefishing,alotoffishwerelosttosharksaftertheyhadbeenhooked.Thatisnolongeraproblem,becausetherearefewersharksaroundnow.Dr.MyersandDr.Wormarguethattheirworkgivesacorrectbaseline,whichfuturemanagementeffortsmusttakeintoaccount.Theybelievethedatasupportanideacurrentamongmarinebiologists,thatofthe“shiftingbaseline.”Thenotionisthatpeoplehavefailedtodetectthemassivechangeswhichhavehappenedintheoceanbecausetheyhavebeenlookingbackonlyarelativelyshorttimeintothepast.Thatmattersbecausetheorysuggeststhattheumsustainableyieldthatcanbecroppedfromafisherycomeswhenthebiomassofatargetspeciesisabout50%ofitsoriginallevels.Mostfisheriesarewellbelowthat,whichisabadwaytodoTheextinctionoflargeprehistoricanimalsisnotedtosuggestthat largeanimalwerevulnerabletothechangingsmallspeciessurvivedaslargeanimalslargeseaanimalsmayfacethesamethreatslow-growingfishoutlivefast-growingWecaninferfromDr.MyersandDr.Worm’spaperthat thestockoflargepredatorsinsomeoldfisherieshasreducedbythereareonlyhalfasmanyfisheriesastherewere15yearsthecatchsizesinnewfisheriesareonly20%oftheoriginalthenumberoflargerpredatorsdroppedfasterinnewfisheriesthanintheBysayingthesefiguresareconservative(Line1,paragraph3),Dr.Wormmeans fishingtechnologyhasimprovedthencatch-sizesareactuallysmallerthenthemarinebiomasshassufferedagreaterthedatacollectedsofarareoutofDr.Myersandotherresearchersholdthat peopleshouldlookforabaselinethatcan’tworkforalongerfisheriesshouldkeeptheyieldbelow50%ofthetheoceanbiomassshouldrestoreditsoriginalpeopleshouldadjustthefishingbaselinetochangingTheauthorseemstobemainlyconcernedwithmostfisheries’ managementbiomasscatch-sizetechnologicalapplicationText4Manythingsmakepeoplethinksareweirdandtheweirdestmaybethis:s’onlyjobistoexploreemotions,andyettheychoosetofocusontheonesthatfeelbad.Thiswasn’talwaysso.Theearliestformsofart,likepaintingandmusic,arethosebestsuitedforexpressingjoy.Butsomewhereinthe19thcentury,moresbeganseeinghappinessasinsipid,phonyor,worstofall,boringaswewentfromWordsworth’sdaffodilstoBaudelaire’sflowersofYoucouldarguethatartbecamemoreskepticalofhappinessbecausemoderntimeshaveseensuchmisery.Butit’snotasifearliertimesdidn’tknowperpetualwar,disasterandthemassacreofinnocents.Thereason,infact,maybejusttheopposite:thereistoomuchdamnhappinessintheworldtoday.Afterall,whatistheonemodernformofexpressionalmostcompleydedicatedtodepictinghappiness?Advertising.Theriseofanti-happyartalmostexactlytrackstheemergenceofmassmedia,andwithit,acommercialcultureinwhichhappinessisnotjustanidealbutanideology.Peopleinearliererasweresurroundedbyremindersofmisery.Theyworkeduntilexhausted,livedwithfewprotectionsanddiedyoung.IntheWest,beforemasscommunicationandlicy,themostpowerfulmassmediumwasthechurch,whichremindedworshippersthattheirsoulswereinperilandthattheywouldsomedaybemeatforworms.Givenallthis,theydidnotexactlyneedtheirarttobeabummerTodaythemessagestheaverageWesternerissurroundedwitharenotreligiousbutcommercial,andforeverhappy.Fast-foodeaters,newsanchors,textmessengers,allsmiling,smiling,smiling.Ourmagazinesfeaturebeamingcelebritiesandhappyfamiliesinperfecthomes.Andsincethesemessageshaveanagenda--tolureustoopenourwallets--theymaketheveryideaofhappinessseemunreliable.“Celebrate!”commandedtheadsforthearthritisdrugCelebrex,beforewefoundoutitcouldincreasetheriskofheartattacks.Butwhatweforget--whatoureconomydependsonusforgetting--isthathappinessismorethanpleasurewithoutpain.Thethingsthatbringthegreatestjoycarrythegreatestpotentialforlossanddisappointment.Today,surroundedbypromisesofeasyhappiness,weneedsomeonetolusasreligiononcedid,Mementomori:rememberthatyouwilldie,thateverythingends,andthathappinesscomesnotindenyingthisbutinlivingwithit.It’samessageevenmorebitterthanaclovecigarette,yet,somehow,abreathoffreshBycitingtheexampleofpoetsWordsworthandBaudelaire,theauthorintendstoshow poetryisnotasexpressiveofjoyaspaintingorartgrowoutofbothpositiveandnegativepoetstodayarelessskepticalofshavechangedtheirfocusofTheword“bummer”(Line5.paragraph5)mostprobablymeanssomething Intheauthor’sopinion,advertising emergesinthewakeoftheanti-happyisacauseofdisappointmentforthegeneralrecethechurchasamajorsourceofcreatesanillusionofhappinessratherthanhappinessWecanlearnfromthelastparagraphthattheauthorbelieves happinessmoreoftenthannotendsintheanti-happyartisdistastefulbutmiseryshouldbeenjoyedratherthantheanti-happyartflourisheswheneconomyWhichofthefollowingistrueoftheReligiononcefunctionedasareminderofArtprovidesabalancebetweenexpectationandPeoplefeeldisappointedattherealitiesofMassmediaareinclinedtocoverdisastersanddeaths.PartBInthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA-Gtofitintoeachofnumberedblanks.Therearetwoextrachoices,whichdonotfitinanyoftheblanks.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)OnthenorthbankoftheOhioRiversitsEvansville,Ind.,homeofDavidWilliams,52,andofariverboatcasinowheregamblinggamesareyed.Duringseveralyearsofgamblinginthatcasino,Williams,astateauditorearning$35,000ayear,lostapproximay$175,000.Hehadnevergambledbeforethecasinosenthimacouponfor$20worthofgambling.Hevisitedthecasino,lostthe$20andleft.Onhissecondvisithelost$800.Thecasinoissuedtohim,asagoodcustomer,aFunCard,whichwhenusedinthecasinoearnspointsformealsanddrinks,andenablesthecasinototracktheuser’sgamblingactivities.ForWilliams,theseactivitiesewhathecallselectronic .In1997helost$21,000tooneslotmachineintwodays.InMarch1997he$72,186.Hesometimesyedtwoslotmachinesatatime,allnight,untiltheboatlockedat5a.m.,thenwentbackaboardwhenthecasinoopenedat9a.m.Nowheissuingthecasino,chargingthatitshouldhaverefusedhispatronagebecauseitknewhewasaddicted.ItdidknowhadaInMarch1998,afriendofWilliams’sgothiminvoluntarilyconfinedtoatreatmentcenteraddictions,andwrotetoinformthecasinoofWilliams’sgamblingproblems.ThecasinoincludedaphotoofWilliamsamongthoseofbannedgamblers,andwrotetohima“ceaseadmissions”letter.Notingthemedical/psychologicalnatureofproblemgamblingbehaviors,thelettersaidthatbeforebeingreadmittedtothecasinohewouldhavetopresentmedical/psychologicalinformationdemonstratingthatpatronizingthecasinowouldposenothreattohissafetyorwell-being. TheWallStreetJournalreportsthatthecasinohas20signswarning:“Enjoythefun...andalwaysbetwithyourhead,notoverit.”Everyentranceticketlistsatoll-numberforcounselingfromthenaDepartmentofMentalHealth.Nevertheless,Williams’ssuitchargesthatthecasino,knowinghewas“helplesslyaddictedtogambling,”intentionallyworkedto“l(fā)ure”himto“engageinconductagainsthiswill.”Well. TheeditionoftheDiagnosticandStatisticalManualofMentalDisorders(DSM-IV)says“pathologicalgambling”involvespersistent,recurringanduncontrollablepursuitlessofmoneythanofthrilloftakingrisksinquestofawindfall. .Pushedbyscience,orwhatclaimstobescience,societyisreclassifyingwhatoncewereconsideredcharacterflawsormoralfailingsasalitydisordersakintophysical Forty-fourstateshavelotteries,29havecasinos,andmostofthesestatesaretovaryingdegreesdependenton--youmightsayaddictedto--revenuesfromwagering.AndsincethefirstInternetgamblingsitewascreatedin1995,competitionforgamblers’dollarshas eintense.TheOct.28issueofNewsweekreportedthat2milliongamblerspatronize1,800virtualcasinoseveryweek.With$3.5billionbeinglostonInternetwagersthisyear,gamblinghaspassedographyastheWeb’smostprofitablebusiness.Althoughnosuchevidencewaspresented,thecasino’smarketingdepartmenttopepperhimwithmailings.AndheenteredthecasinoandusedhisFunCardwithoutbeingItisunclearwhatluringwasrequired,givenhiscompulsivebehavior.Andinwhatsensewashiswilloperative?Bythetimehehadlost$5,000hesaidtohimselfthatifhecouldgetbacktoeven,hewouldquit.Onenighthewon$5,500,buthedidnotquit.GamblinghasbeenacommonfeatureofAmericanlifeforever,butforalongtimeitwasbroadlyconsideredasin,orasocialdisease.Nowitisasocial:themostimportantandaggressivepromoterofgamblinginAmericaisernment.DavidWilliams’ssuitshouldtroublethisgamblingnation.Butdon’tbetonItisworrisomethatsocietyismedicalizingmoreandmorebehavioralproblems,oftendefiningasaddictionswhatearlier,sternergenerationsexinedasweaknessofwill.Theanonymous,lonely,undistractednatureofonlinegamblingisespeciallyconductivetocompulsivebehavior.ButeveniftheernmentknewhowtomoveagainstInternetgambling,whatwouldbeitsgroundsforngso?PartReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsinto.OurtranslationshouldbewrittenneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.(10points)IsittruethattheAmericaninlectualisrejectedandconsideredofnoaccountinhissociety?amgoingtosuggestthatitisnottrue.FatherBruckbergertoldpartofthestorywhenheobservedthatitistheinlectualswhohaverejectedAmericans.Buttheyhavedonemorethanthat.Theyhavegrowndissatisfiedwiththeroleofinlectual.Itisthey,notAmericans,whohave First,theobjectofourstudypleadsfordefinition.Whatisaninlectual?46)IshalldefinehimasanindividualwhohaselectedashisprimarydutyandpleasureinlifetheactivityofthinkinginSocratic()wayaboutmoralproblems.Heexploressuchproblemconsciously,articulay,andfrankly,firstbyaskingfactualquestions,thenbyaskingmoralquestions,finallybysugge