段落翻譯練習(xí)

漢譯英：1徐霞客一生周游考察了十六個(gè)省，足跡幾乎遍及全國(guó)。他在考察的過程中，從來不盲目迷信書本上的結(jié)論。他發(fā)現(xiàn)前人研究地理的記載有許多很不可靠的地方。為了進(jìn)行真實(shí)細(xì)致的考察，他很少乘車坐船，幾乎全靠雙腳翻山越嶺，長(zhǎng)途跋涉；為了弄清大自然的真相，他總是挑選道路艱險(xiǎn)的山區(qū)，人跡稀少的森林進(jìn)行考察，發(fā)現(xiàn)了許多奇山秀景；他常常選擇不同的時(shí)間和季節(jié)，多次重游各地名山，反復(fù)觀察變換的奇景。XuXiaketouredandinvestigated16provincesinhislifetime,coveringalmostthewholeofChina/thewholecountry.Whenhewascarryingouthisinvestigations,henevertookblindbeliefintheconclusionsinthebooks.Insteadhefoundalotofunreliablepointsinthegeographicrecordstakenbyhispredecessors.Inordertomakehisinvestigationsreliableandthorough,heseldomtraveledbycarriageorboat.Instead,hetooklong,arduoustripsonfootalmostallthetime,climbingmountainsandhills.Inordertolearnaboutthetruthofnature,healwayschosetoconductinvestigationsinmountainousareaswithdangerousroadsandinlonely/untraveledwoods,wherehediscoveredalotofmagnificentpeaksandbeautifulsights.2可是我卻哭了?？弈悄吧?、但卻疼愛我的賣灶糖(candy)的老漢。后來我常想，他為什么疼愛我呢？無非我是個(gè)貪吃的、因?yàn)槌舐稚偃颂蹛鄣陌?。等我長(zhǎng)大以后，總感到除了母親，再?zèng)]有誰能夠像他那樣樸素地疼愛過我一一沒有任何希求，也沒有任何企望的。我常常想念他，也常常想要找到我那個(gè)像豬肚子一樣的煙荷包?？墒?，它早已不知被我丟到哪里去了。ButIcriedforthestrangeoldcandypeddlerwhohadbeensofondofme.Lateron,Iwonderedwhy.FornootherreasonthanthatIwasafoolishlittlethingwholovedcandy,withfewtolovemebecauseofmyplainface.WhenIglowup,Icouldneverforgetthatapartfrommyownmother,noonehadlovedmesofondlyandsodisinterestedly,withnoexpectationswhatever.Ioftenthinkofhimnow,andhavetriedtofindthattobaccopouchthathadlookedlikeapieceofporkliver.ButIdon'tknowwhatbecameofit.3多少年來，我養(yǎng)成了一個(gè)習(xí)慣：每天早晨四點(diǎn)在黎明以前起床工作。我不出去跑步或散步，而是一下床就干活兒。因此我對(duì)黎明前的北京的了解是在屋子里感覺到的。我從前在什么報(bào)上讀過一篇文章，講黎明時(shí)分天安門廣場(chǎng)上的清潔工人。那情景必然是非常動(dòng)人的，可惜我從未能見到，只是心向往之而已。Formanyyears,Ihavebeeninthehabitofgettingupbeforedaybreaktostartworkatfour.Insteadofgoingoutforajogorwalk,I'llsetaboutmyworkassoonasI'moutofbed.Asaresult,itisfrominsidemystudythatI'vegotthefeelofpredawnBeijing.Yearsago,IhituponanewspaperarticleaboutstreetcleanersinTian'anmenSquareatdaybreak.Itmusthavebeenaverymovingscene,butwhatapityIhaven'tseenitwithmyowneyes.Icanonlypictureitinmymindlongingly.長(zhǎng)沙是一個(gè)有3000多年歷史的美麗古城。城市的西邊是秀美的岳麓山，山下有千年書院“岳麓書院”等眾多古跡。市區(qū)中心的古城樓天心閣，距今有1000多年的歷史。千百年來水質(zhì)清純，終年不斷的白沙古井也坐落在長(zhǎng)沙城中。今天的長(zhǎng)沙市民還常常在這里打水飲用。湘江中的橘子洲頭，是當(dāng)年毛澤東先生經(jīng)常漫步思考的地方，后來還寫了一首非常著名的詩來贊美她。Changshaisabeautifulancientcitywithahistoryofover3,000years.WestofthecityisthebeautifulYueluHill,atthefootofthehill,aremanyhistoricsitessuchasYueluAcademy.Inthecenterofthecityistheancientcitygatetower--TianxinTower,whichwasfirstbuilt1000yearsago.AlsolocatedinthecityistheancientBaishaWell,fromwhichclearandpurewaterhasbeengushingoutnonstopthroughouttheyearforthousandsofyears.InhabitantsinChangshatodaystillcomeheretofetchwaterfordrinking.OrangeIslandintheXiangRiverwaswhereMr.MaoZedongoftenrambledandmeditated.Laterhewroteaveryfamouspoeminitspraise.5洞庭湖是中國(guó)第二大淡水湖。洞庭湖畔的岳陽樓，是中國(guó)三大名樓中唯一保持原址原貌的國(guó)家重點(diǎn)保護(hù)文物。岳陽樓所處的位置極好，它屹立于岳陽古城之上，背靠岳陽城，俯瞰洞庭湖，遙對(duì)君山島，北依長(zhǎng)江，南通湘江。自古以來，就是人們觀光旅游的好地方。LakeDongtingisChina’ssecondlargestfreshwaterlake.YueyaigTower,whichislocatedonitsshores,isanationalkeyculturalrelicforprotectionastheonlyoneofChina’sfamoustowersthatiskeptinitsoriginalconditionatitsoriginalsite.Thetowerisveryfavorablylocated,standingasitdoesonYueyang’sancientcitywallwiththecitybehindandoverlookingLakeDongtingtothedistantJunshanIsle;toitsnorthistheYangtzeRiverandtothesouththeXiangRiver.Sinceancienttimes,thetowerhasbeenagoodplaceforsightseeingandtouring,(Picture)6正當(dāng)這位美軍飛虎隊(duì)員一籌莫展眼看只能坐以待斃時(shí)，兩名中國(guó)男孩從雜草叢鉆出出現(xiàn)在他的面前，男孩一樣個(gè)頭，都才十二、三歲年紀(jì)。他如遇救星，立刻打手勢(shì)讓他們過來。兩個(gè)男孩稍作遲疑，立即來到了他的身邊。在他的指點(diǎn)下，男孩利索地幫他解開了降落傘，并一邊一個(gè)迅諫扶起他往前走。才走不到200米，已經(jīng)看到了掛太陽旗的日軍汽艇，兩個(gè)男孩簡(jiǎn)短地商量了幾句，就果斷地把這名飛虎隊(duì)員推到山坡邊的一叢很深的雜草中，并扯來一大把蘆葦將四周蓋嚴(yán)后，箭似般消失在樹林中。ThisAmerican“FlyingTiger”wasataloss,thinkingthathecoulddonothingbutawaithisdoom,whenoutofthejumbleofrankgrassemergedtwoChineseboys,bothofthesameheightandjustadozenyearsold.Asifseeinghissaviors,hesignedtothemtocomenearer.Theboyshesitatedalittleandcameovertohim.Withhisinstructions,theydexterouslyunfastenedhisparachute,andhelpedhimalongwithoneofthemoneachside.Butbeforetheyhadwalked200m,theysawJapanesemotorboatscomeflyingtheirsunflags.Theboystalkedamomentandthen,withoutdelay,hidthe“FlyingTiger”inathickgrowthofgrassbythehillside,andputtingaroundhimmorereedstheyhadquicklypulledout,theyvanishedswiftlyintothewood.家庭是社會(huì)的基本單位，它的結(jié)構(gòu)隨著社會(huì)的發(fā)展而變化。在中國(guó)幾千年的封建社會(huì)里，自給自足的小農(nóng)經(jīng)濟(jì)占主導(dǎo)地位，家庭不僅是日常生活的基本單位，也是生產(chǎn)單位。理想的、令人羨慕的家庭是五世同堂，家里的大事中男人做主。近百年來，中國(guó)發(fā)生了巨大變化，中國(guó)社會(huì)經(jīng)過漫長(zhǎng)的封建時(shí)期，半封建、半殖民地時(shí)期進(jìn)入了社會(huì)主義社會(huì)。這具有歷史意義的變化使中國(guó)家庭的結(jié)構(gòu)也改變了。人口眾多的大家庭開始分成較小的家庭和直系家庭，總的趨勢(shì)是出現(xiàn)了越來越多的核心家庭。Thestructureofthefamily,whichisabasicunitofthesociety,changesalongwiththedevelopmentofthesociety.InChina'sfeudalsocietywhichlastedseveralthousandyears,aself-sufficientsmallpeasanteconomypredominated.Thefamilywasnotonlythebasicunitineverydaylife,butalsoabasicunitofproduction.Anidealfamilyadmiredbyallconsistedof5generations,withthemalemembersmakingalltheimportantdecisions.Duringthelasthundredyears,greatchangeshavetakenplaceinChina.TheChinesesociety,whichhadgonethroughthelongfeudalperiod,andlaterthesemi-colonial,semi-feudalperiod,hadturnedintoasocialistsociety.ThishistoricchangehasledtochangesintheChinesefamilystructure.Largefamiliesbegantodivideintosmallerextendedfamiliesandstemfamilies,withthetrendpointingtowardtheemergenceofmoreandmorenuclearfamilies.8現(xiàn)在我自己已是幾個(gè)孩子的父親了。我愛孩子，但我沒有前一輩父親的想法，幫孩子一直幫到老，幫到死還不足。我贊美前一輩父親的美德，而自己卻不能跟著他們的步伐走去。我覺得我的孩子累我，使我受到極大的束縛。我沒有對(duì)他們的永久的計(jì)劃，甚至連最短促的也沒有?！疤仁褂腥艘?，我愿意把他們送給人家!”我常常這樣說，當(dāng)我厭煩孩子的時(shí)候。唉，和前一輩做父親的一比，我覺得我們這一輩生命力薄弱得可憐，我們二三十歲的人比不上六七十歲的前輩，他們雖然老的老死的死了，但是他們才是真正活著到現(xiàn)在到將來。而我們呢，雖然活著，卻是早已死了。NowImyselfamafatherofseveralchildren.ThoughIlovemykids,stillIdonotsharetheideaoffatherandpeopleofhistimethatonecanneverdotoomuchinhislifetimetohelphischildren.MuchasIadmirefatherandpeopleofhistimefortheirmoralexcellence,Icanneverfollowintheirfootsteps.Ithinkofmychildrenasanencumbrancetome.Ihaven'tworkedoutalong-termplanforthem,nay,notevenashort-termone."I'dliketogiveawaymykidstoanyonewho'swillingtotakethem!"That'swhatIsaywheneverIamfedupwiththem.Alas,comparedwithfatherandpeopleofhistime,thepresentgeneration,Ithink,haveregrettablylowvitality.Weinourtwentiesorthirtiesproveinferiortooureldersintheirsixtiesorseventies.Todaytheymaybeadvancedinyearsorevennomore,buttheywill,nevertheless,liveforeverandever.Asforus,thoughstillalive,wehavelongbeendead.9目前，人類的生存環(huán)境正在遭到破壞，美麗的大自然已經(jīng)不那么美麗了。保護(hù)野生動(dòng)物，也就是保護(hù)人婁自己。我強(qiáng)烈呼吁：不要再捕殺黑猩猩，不要再捕殺野生動(dòng)物了，讓我們?nèi)祟惗嘁恍┑厍蛏系呐笥眩嘟o我們下一代保留一些野生動(dòng)物吧！否則，地球?qū)缭谌祟愂种?，人類將毀滅在自己手中。Atpresent,man’slivingenvironmentisbeingruined,andbeautifulnatureisnolongersobeautiful.Protectionofwildlifeisprotectionofmanhimself.SoIappealstronglytoalltostopkillingthechimpanzeeoranyotherwildanimal.Letushumanbeingshavemorefriendsontheearth,andleavemorewildlifeforfuturegenerations.Ortheearthwouldbedestro