pride-and-prejudice傲慢與偏見-英美文學(xué)論文

山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)英美文學(xué)實(shí)踐課報(bào)告題目PrideandPrejudice學(xué)院外國語學(xué)院專業(yè)班級英語二班屆次2014學(xué)生姓名學(xué)號指導(dǎo)教師二零一六年六月二十日PrideandPrejudice1.TheAuthorJaneAusten(1775–1817)wasanEnglishnovelistknownjealouscriticismsofherdonothingtolessenhisadmiration.MissBingleyhasmadeplanstoentraphimforherselfbutshefailed.CarolineBingleyinvitesJanetoNetherfield.InherwaytoNetherfielditrainssoJanecatchesaseverecold.ShehavetostayatMrBingley’shouseandbetreatedbyalocaldoctor.Mrs.Bennetisdelighted,becausethishelpJanecomeclosetoMr.Bingleyandhiswealth.Janebecomesmoreill,andhersisterElizabethgoestoNetherfieldtonurseher.TheconcernforhersisterandstrengthofcharacterappealtoMr.Darcy,butheisafraidofhisinfatuationwithElizabethwhoiseconomicallyinferior.Laterinatravel,theymeetGeorgeWickham,ahandsomeandpersonablemilitaryofficer.ElizabethiscuriouswhenWickhamandDarcy,whoobviouslyknoweachother,meetonthestreetandbothseemuncomfortable.Ataball,soonafter,WickhamtellshislifestorytoElizabeth.HestatesthatDarcydisobeyedhisownfather’swilloutofresentment.(WickhamwasawardofDarcy’sfatherandhadbeenpromisedgetaclergyman’sposition.)Wickham’sstorymakesDarcylookcruel,selfishandvile.ElizabethbelievethatbecauseshehaspredeterminedandnegativeimpressionofMr.Darcy’sarroganceandpride.ElizabethbecomesinfatuatedwiththecharmingWickham.Sheispuzzledbyhispersistenceinapproachingher,asshedoesnotknowofhisadmiration.Mr.Collins,hercousin,proposestoElizabethandsheisfurtherembarrassed.Shetriestoconvincehimthatherrefusalisearnest.ThesupportofherfathermakesCollinsseethetruth.MrBingley,hissisterandMrDarcyleaveNetherfieldforLondon,andMissBingleywritestoJanetoinformherthattheywon’treturnuntilwinter.SheimplyinherletterthatMr.BingleyintendstomarrywithMrDarcy’sister,whichhasbeendeterminedforyearsbetweenthefamilies.Mr.Collins,rejectedbyElizabeth,iscomfortedbyherbestfriend.ToElizabeth’sgreatsurpriseandastonishment,herbestfriendintendtomarryMr.Collins.DarcycontinuestocourtElizabeth.Onenight,hedeclareshisloveandproposes.Elizabethisasangryassheisastonished.Shecannotbearhisprideandrefuseshispropose.SheaccuseshimofbreakingupJaneandBingleyandruiningyoungMr.Wickham’sreputation.ElizabethandherAuntandUnclesetoffonatourandvisitMrDarcy’shouse.Darcyunexpectedlyappears,adayearly,andbothheandElizabethareembarrassed.ElizabethreceivestwolettersfromhersisterJane.TheysaythatLydiahaselopedwithWickham.Sotheyleaveforhomeasfastastheycanmakepreparations.Theelopedpairiselusiveforseveraldays.Lydiahasagreedtoaquickmarriage.AllthethingshavebeenarrangedbyDarcy.HeworkssecretlytopayoffWickham’sgamblingdebtsandensureasuitabledowry.AllthepeoplearesurethatitisMr.Gardinerwhohavedonethesethingsandsavethefamilyname.LittledotheyrealizethatitwasDarcy’swork.HedidthisbecauseofhisloveforElizabeth.MrBingleyreturnstoNetherfieldandfallsinlovewithJaneagain.Afterawhile,heproposes.Sheaccepts.Intheend,ElizabethknowallthethingsandfindherselfmisunderstandMrDarcyallthesedays.DarcyacknowledgethatElizabethhashadachangeofheartsoheproposetoheragain.Thistimeitismetwithapositiveattitude.MajorthemesI.MarriageAsfarasIconcerned,therearefourmaintypesofmarriagesinthisnovel.Thefirstoneisthemostadmirablemarriage—ElizabethandDarcy’smarriage,whichiswhatIreallyadmire.Theirmarriageisthemosttime-killingandflexuoseandisbasedontheirtruelove.Thesecondonethemosthappymarriage—Jane’smarriageTheirmarriageishappyandisalsobasedontheirtruelovebutcomparativelysmoothly.Thethirdoneisthemostridiculousmarriage—Lydia’smarriage.Theirmarriageistheresultoftheirmomentarypassionandisbasedontheirlust.Thelastoneisthemostrealisticmarriage—Charlotte’smarriage."ThereisnodoubtthatElizabethandDarcy'sloveistheshiningpearlinthehistoryofliterary,andtheirloveistheidealmodewhichhasbeenesteembyAusten".Theauthor?sviewaboutmarriage:itiswrongtogetmarriedforproperty,moneyandposition.Gettingmarriedwithoutconsideringtheabove-mentionedfactorsisunwise,ether.Sothatsheobjectstogetmarriedformoney,objectstoregardingthemarriageasatriflingmatter.Sheemphasizestheimportanceoftheidealmarriage,andregardmenandwomen’semotionasthefoundationstonewhichconcludestheidealmarriageLoveisimpulsiveandisofnoreasonnopassionate,andfullofmadness.Loveitselfiscrazy.However,howmanypeoplecanlovewithmadness?Therealityiscruel,marriagedoesn'tequaltolove,andthisidealisfarawayfromus.DarcyandElizabeth’smarriageisthehappiest,withdeep-rootedoflove,andanecessaryconditionthatDarcystronglywealth.II.Wealth“Itisatruthuniversallyacknowledged,thatasinglemaninpossessionofagoodfortune,mustbeinwantofawife.”Thissentenceclearlyshowstheconnectionbetweenwealthandmarriage.Wealthinamarriageisalsothesubjectmatterofthewholenovel,anditplaysanimportantroleinmarriageatthattime.Inthenovel,JaneAustenusesnumberwordstosuggestmoney.Forexample,Bingleyhasanincomeofbetween4,000and5,000poundsayear,whileDarcyhasanincomeof10,000poundsayear.Andthewomenin18thcenturyinBritainlawfullyownednothing.Theonlywaytofinancialsecurityformanywomenofthattimewastomarrytoaricherman.Itseemsthatthisnovelconsidersmarriageasamarket,andthefemaleasmarketable.Charlotteisjustanexampleinthemarriagemarketwherepersonalattractionsareweighedagainstfinancialconsiderations.Moneymakestheworldgoround,especiallyifyou'reayoungwomantryingtogetmarriedinRegencyEngland.ThefiveBennetdaughtershavealmostnomoney,whichmeansnowaytoattractmentomarrythemandnowaytosupportthemselvesaftertheirfatherdiesandtheirhouseinhandedovertoMr.Collins.So,waseveryoneintheearlynineteenthcenturyjustoutformoney?Well,kindof.Butcanyoublamethem?Formen,therewerevery,veryfewpathstofinancialindependencewithouteitherinheritingormarryingmoney.Somegotrichinthearmyorthroughbusiness,butthatwassuperrare.Forwomen,theoptionswereevenmorelimited:inheritormarry.InPrideandPrejudice,thesegirlsaretryingtomarryformoneybecausetheydon'twanttoliveontheearlynineteenth-centurystreets.III.SocietyandClassClassisoneofthemajorthemesinJaneAusten’sPrideandPrejudice.ThenovelcriticizestheclearandrigidsocialclassdivisionsintheBritishsocietymuchprevalentatthattime.Infact,theprideandprejudiceofmanycharactersstemfromtheirhighersocialclass.WeseethattheBennetsbelongtomiddleclass,andareconsideredinferiortofamiliesofDarcyandBingley,whoclearlybelongtoahigherclass.AustencomicallydescribesandsatirizessocialclassdemarcationsbyacharacterlikeMr.Collins,whoisfullofdisgustandextremelyvainbecauseofhisbelongingtoacertainsocialstatus.SimilartoMr.CollinsisLadyCatherine,whomakeshersocialstatussoobvious.Socialclasscomesinbetweenloveandmarriagesalso,andweseeitcausingdelayandobstaclesintherelationshipsofElizabeth-DarcyandJane-Bingley(thoughintheendtruelovedoesdefeatsocialclass).WealsoseetheCharlotteLucasmarryingMr.Collinsforclasselevation,whichisterrible.EvaluationandImpressionJaneAustenpublishedhersecondnovelPrideandPrejudicein1813whenshewasthirtyeightyearsold.Shehadbegunthisworkin1796,whenshewastwenty-oneyearsold,callingit“FirstImpressions”.PrideandPrejudicecontinuestobetheauthor’smostpopularnovel,whichspeaksallkindsofproblemsinmarriage,suchasmarriageformoneyandbenefit,vanityandcarelessness,interestsortruelove.Italsoreflectsthedifferentattitudesandperceptionsofmiddle-classwomentowardsdestinyatthattime.InPrideandPrejudice,loveisnotanecessarycomponentofmarriage.Atthesametime,itisshowntobeacompletelyspecialemotionthatisavailableonlyforintelligent,matureadults.ItisclearthatJaneAustendoesnotbelievefallinginloveatthefirstsight,beforetheyopentheirloveandgetmarried,ElizabethandDarcyhavetounderstandandovercometheirownprideandprejudicebeforetheycanappreciateeachother.Inthenovel,withregardtomarriage,unlikeCharlotte,Elizabethchoosestoremaintruelovetoherbestbyherheartandherowngoodsense.Shebelievesthatmarriageshouldbebasedonmutualunderstandingandfeelings.JaneAustenseemstoappreciateElizabeth'sfeelingstoDarcybecause“gratitudeandesteemaregoodfoundationsofaffection.”InJaneAusten'snovel,thethemeofloveandmarriagemakesherasadifferentwriterwithromanticism.Onceananonymousreadercommentsloveinthisnovelasfollows,“Loveisholdinghandsinthestreet,andmarriageisholdingargumentsinthestreet.Loveisauniversalfeeling,anditcanmakeyouhappybutoftenithurts,butlove'sonlyspecialwhenyougiveittosomeonewhoisreallyworthit”.TherelationshipbetweenJaneandBingleyisundoubtedlytruelove.JaneAustensuggeststhatloveisanimportantfactortoasuccessfulmarriage.Marriagesthatlackoftruelovearedestinedtohaveabadresult.Inthisnovel,LydiaandWickham'srelationshipisanunsuccessfulmarriage.Therefore,JaneAustenimpliesherthemethroughJane'swords,“doanythingratherthanmarrywithoutaffection.”CharlotteLucaswasElizabeth’sbestfriend,shewastwenty-eightwhileElizabethwastwenty,andlikeherfriend,hadlittlemoneytoexpectfromherfamily.Also,shewasnotsopretty.Shesometimesfeltshewasgettingtoooldtofindahusband.Whileontheotherside,MrCollins,thecousinofMrBennet,whowasawealthygentlemanandwasgoingtobecometheownerofLongbourafterMr.Bennet’sdeath.InCharlotte’seyes,Collinswasasuccessfulmanbecausehehadlotsofmoneyandthat’swhatshedidn’thavebuthadbeenlongingallherpreviouslife.Sowhenheaskedhertomarryhim,sheacceptedimmediately.Shemarriedhimtotallyformoneyandbenefitsnotforlove.AsMrCollinssaidatthebeginningthathethoughtitrightforaparsontosetagoodexampleandmarriagewouldaddtohishappinessandmostimportantofall,ladyCatherineadvisedit.Fromwhathesaidwecanconcludethathewantedtogetmarriedwasjustbecauseheneededit.What’smore,thefirstpersonheselectedwasElizabethandafterhewasrefusedbyher,hethenofferedamarri