2015年中考語(yǔ)法-非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞講解及練習(xí)

初中語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)用學(xué)案PAGEPAGE6非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成：（to）+動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞不定式非在句中的作用（除謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞外的任何成分）謂構(gòu)成：V.-ing語(yǔ)動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)用法（主、賓、表、定）詞構(gòu)成：V.-ing/V.-ed（規(guī)則變化）分詞用法（表、補(bǔ)、定、狀）（一）動(dòng)名詞一、動(dòng)名詞的構(gòu)成：動(dòng)名詞一般由“動(dòng)詞原形+ing”構(gòu)成二、動(dòng)名詞的句法功能功能例句說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)Eatingtoomuchisbadforyourhealth.吃得太多對(duì)你的健康有害。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。賓語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)介詞賓語(yǔ)Ilikeplayingbasketballverymuch.我非常喜歡打籃球。Stampsareusedforsendingletters.郵票是被用來(lái)寄信的。表示一般的習(xí)慣或抽象行為或經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作。表語(yǔ)Hishobbyiscollectingstamps.=Collectingstampsishishobby.多數(shù)情況下，動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)可轉(zhuǎn)化成作主語(yǔ)。定語(yǔ)Sheisinthereadingroom.她在閱覽室。Weshouldimproveourteachingmethods.我們應(yīng)該改進(jìn)教學(xué)方法。只表明它所修飾的詞的用途、所屬關(guān)系等。置于所修飾詞之前。注意：英語(yǔ)中有一些詞后面常跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。我們初中階段常見(jiàn)的有：finish,mind,beworth,bebusy,practice,havefun,havetrouble/problem（in）,spend...（in）,feellike,beusedto（習(xí)慣于）,giveup,keepon,consider,suggest,can'thelp。我們可按下面的順口溜記憶這些詞。完成實(shí)踐值得忙（finish,practice,beworth,bebusy）繼續(xù)習(xí)慣別放棄（keepon,beusedto,giveup）考慮建議不禁想（consider,suggest,can'thelp,feellike）喜歡思念要介意（enjoy,miss,mind）（二）動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)詞不定時(shí)的構(gòu)成不定時(shí)的基本形式為：to+動(dòng)詞原形，有時(shí)可以不用to，這里的to是不定式符號(hào)，本身無(wú)詞義，動(dòng)詞不定式的否定形式是not+（to+）動(dòng)詞原形。動(dòng)詞不定式的句法功能功能例句說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)TospeakEnglishisnoteasyforus=ItisnoteasyforustospeakEnglish.講英語(yǔ)對(duì)我們來(lái)說(shuō)不容易。作主語(yǔ)用的不定式，常常用it作形式主語(yǔ)，而把不定式放在后面。表語(yǔ)Myworkistocleantheroomeveryday.=Tocleantheroomeverydayismywork.我的工作就是每天打掃這間屋子。多數(shù)情況下，不定式作表語(yǔ)，可轉(zhuǎn)換作為主語(yǔ)。賓語(yǔ)—Whatsportsdoesheliketoplay?他喜歡做什么運(yùn)動(dòng)？—Helikestoplaybasketball.他喜歡打籃球。只能做某些動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)，一般不作介詞的賓語(yǔ)。賓補(bǔ)Mymothermademeplaythepianoallthetime.我媽媽讓我一直彈鋼琴。在make，let，see，hear，watch等使役、感官動(dòng)詞后，不定式省略to。定語(yǔ)Haveyougotanythingtosay?你有要說(shuō)的嗎？不定式作定語(yǔ)，要放在所修飾詞的后面。狀語(yǔ)I'msorrytotroubleyou.（表原因）很抱歉，給你添麻煩了。IwenttothelibrarytostudyEnglish.（表目的）不定式作狀語(yǔ)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)要和句子的主語(yǔ)一致。不定式作主語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，常用it作形式主語(yǔ)，而將真正的主語(yǔ)放在句末其結(jié)構(gòu)為：It+be+adj.（+for/ofsb.）+動(dòng)詞不定式如：TolearnEnglishwellisuseful.→ItisusefultolearnEnglishwell.It’simportantforustoprotecttheenvironment.注意：在kind，good，nice，clever等表示人的品質(zhì)的形容詞后，不用for而用of。如：It'sverykindofyoutohelpme.你幫助我真是太好啦。It'sverycleverofyoutodolikethat.你那樣做真是太聰明啦。不定式作賓語(yǔ)有些謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后只能用不定式作賓語(yǔ)，常見(jiàn)的這類(lèi)詞是表示命令、打算或希望的，如：wouldlike,like,want,wish,hope,decide,plan,expect等。如：Wouldyouliketoseeafilmthisevening?你今晚想去看電影嗎？②在find,think后跟不定式作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，常用it代替，而將真正的賓語(yǔ)放在后面。如：IfinditeasytoreadEnglisheveryday.18.Herhope____agoldmedalinthe2008OlympicGames.A.towinB.istowinC.winningD.willwin19.Themeetingroomisbigenough____onehundredpeople.A.holdingB.holdC.toholdD.holds20.Wouldyoupleasepassmetheknife____?A.tocutthewatermelonwithB.tocutthewatermelonC.cuttingthewatermelonD.cuttingthewatermelonwith21.Itisbettertoteachamantofishthan____himfish.A.givingB.togiveC.givesD.gave22.Thepolicemanwarnedtheyoungman____afterdrinking.A.nevertodriveB.toneverdriveC.neverdrivingD.neverdrive23.Whatdoyouthinkisthebestway____thewildanimals?A.protectingB.toprotectC.protectedD.protect24.I’drather____ontheland____inafactory.A.work;thanwork B.work;workC.towork;thantoworkD.towork;towork25.Mygrandfatherisused____ahatinwinter.A.towearB.forwearingC.wearingD.towearing26.I’msorry____youenoughhelp.A.havegivenB.ofnotgivingC.nottohavegivenD.tohavegiven27.SomestudentsfromGrade9____dosome____fortheold.A.volunteeredto;cleanB.volunteered;cleaningC.volunteeredto;cleaningD.volunteered;clean28.Theyoungmanwasoftenseen____bythelake.A.todrawB.todrawingC.drawD.drew29.Tomis____tomakealivingbyhimself.A.veryoldB.tooyoungC.toobigD.toostrong30.Ifind____himallaboutit.A.necessarytotellB.thatnecessarytoC.necessaryittotellD.itnecessarytotell31.Theoldmanseems____inagreathurry.A.beB.tobeC.beingD.tobeing32.I____thesameneighborhoodwiththelovelygirl.A.happenedlivinginB.happenedtoliveinC.washappeninglivinginD.washappeningtolive33.It’stimeforsuppernow.Let’s______it.A.stoptohaveB.stophavingC.tostoptohaveD.tostophaving34.Youarenotexpected____suchlonghours.A.toworkB.workingC.workedD.work35.Hisfatheragreed____$4,000forthecar.A.withpayingB.topayingC.topayD.onpaying36.Themanpretended____whenwesawhim.A.tobeeatenB.eatingC.beingeatingD.tobeeating37.Hedoesn’tknow_____.A.whentodoB.whattodoC.howtodoD.wheretodo38.Todayweusemachines_____usdomostofourwork.A.tohelpB.helpC.helpingD.helped39.Shepreferredme_____there.A.tostayB.wouldstayC.IstayD.stay40.We’regoingtohelp_____thetrees.A.wateredB.wateringC.towateringD.water實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練（二）1.Nooneenjoys_____at.A.laughing B.tolaugh C.beinglaughed D.tobelaughed2.Youmustdosomethingtopreventyourhouse__________.A.tobebrokenin B.frombeingbrokenin C.tobreakin D.frombreakingin3.Theyinsistedon_________anotherchancetotry.A.given B.giving C.beinggiven D.tobegiven4.—Whereismypassport?Iremember________ithere.—Youshouldn'thaveleftithere.Remember____________itwithyouallthetime.A.toput；totakeB.putting；takingC.putting；totakeD.toput；taking5.Hisroomneeds_______,sohemusthaveit_________.A.painting；paintedB.painted；paintingC.painting；paintingD.painted；painted6.Theyoungtreesweplantedlastweekrequire________withgreatcare.A.lookingafterB.tolookafterC.tobelookedafterD.takengoodcareof7.Apolicemansawtwothieves____agirl’smobilephoneonabusandhecaughtthematonce.A.tostealB.stealingC.stoleD.stolen8.Shereturnedhomeonlytofindthedooropenandsomething_________.A.missed B.tobemissing C.missing D.tobemissed9.Shedecidedtodevoteherself______theproblemofoldage.A.tostudy B.studying C.tostudying D.study10.Ittooktheworkmenonlytwohourstofinish________mycar.A.repairingB.repairC.torepairD.repaired11.It'snogood________oversplitmilk.A.tocryB.cryingC.criedD.cry12.Haveyouforgotten___________$1000frommelastmonth?Willyoupleaseremember_________ittomorrow?A.borrowing;tobringB.toborrow;bringC.borrowed;bringingD.borrowing;bringing13.Theclassroomwants__________.A.cleanB.cleanedC.tocleanD.cleaning14.Jacksaidthathewouldn'tmind___________forus.A.towaitB.waitC.waitingD.waited15.Mybrotherkeeps_________mewithmywork.A.tohelpB.helpC.helpingD.helped16.Weshouldoftenpractise_________Englishwitheachother.A.tospeakB.spokeC.speakD.speaking17.Keepon_________andyouwillsucceed.A.atryB.tryC.triingD.trying18.Hisparentsinsiston____________tocollege.A.heshouldgoB.hegoC.hisgoingD.himtogo19.Thestorywassofunnythatwe___________.A.couldn'thelplaughB.can'tbutlaughC.couldn'thelplaughingD.couldn'thelpbuttolaugh20.Whatabout_________totheconcertwithus?A.wegoB.wegoingC.goingD.togo21.__________cleanisasafeguardagainstdisease.A.TobekeepingB.KeptC.KeepD.Keeping22.Seeingis_________.A.tobelieveB.believingC.believedD.beingbelieved23．Thescientistsuggested____theexperimentinadifferentway.A.doB.todoC.doingD.done24．Don'tforget_____thisbooktoJohnwhenyouseehim.A.toreturn B.returning C.return D.toreturning25．Onlyoneofthesebooksis_____.A.worthtoreadB.worthbeingreadC.worthofreadingD.worthreading26．Wearebothlookingforwardto_____nextweek.A.goingonvacation B.goonvacationC.begoingonvacation D.havegoneonvacation27．Hehadnodifficulty_____theproblems.A.workingout B.havingworkedout C.tohaveworkedout D.toworkout28．Iregretted_____thattoher.A.havingsaidB.tohavesaid C.tosayD./29.Thesecretaryworkedlateintothenight,________alongspeechforthepresident.A.toprepare B.preparing C.prepared D.waspreparing30.Don’thavethemachine________allthetime.Itwillgowrong.A.torun B.running C.beenrun D.run31.Thefoodwasdelicious.Thatwasa__________meal.A.satisfying B.satisfied C.satisfaction D.satisfy32.Lookaroundwhen__________thestreet.A.across B.crossing C.crossed D.tobecrossing33.Inthemorningshefoundherfather_____________inbed,dead.A.lying B.lie C.lay D.laying34.Isawhim________intoyourroomwhenyouwerenotin.A.gone B.going C.went D.togo35.Pleasekeepquiet.Fatherisbusy________.A.work B.towork C.working D.works36.Sallyhadnopen____yesterdaymorning.A.towriteB.towritewithC.writingD.writingwith37.It’stimeforclass.Stop_________,please.A.totalk B.talk C.talks D.talking38.Youshouldworktonightinsteadof________TV.A.towatch B.watching C.towatching D.watched39.Listen!Canyouhearthegirl_________thepianointhenextroom?A.toplay B.play C.playing D.plays40.Mr.Wangcameintotheofficewithout_________thedoor.A.knock B.knockingat C.toknockat D.knockingto實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練（三）1.Pauldoesn’thavetobemade_______.Healwaysworkshard.A.learnB.tolearnC.learnedD.learning2.Youcan’thavethehorse______alltheway.It’stoohot.A.runB.torunC.runningD.toberunning3.WhenIcameback,Ifoundthehouse______andeverything_____.A.wasbroken;tookawayB.brokeninto;takenawayC.hadbeenbroken;takenD.breakinto;takeaway4.Thehousethey_____inthefloodsmustberebuiltbeforewintercomes.A.hadwashedaway B.hadtowashawayC.hadthemwashedaway D.hadwashedthemaway5.Iwasfortunatetopickupawallet____onthegroundonthewaybackhome,butunfortunatelyforme,IfoundmycolorTVset____whenIgothome.A.lying;stolenB.laying;stealingC.lay;stolenD.lying;stealing6–Didyouhearher______thispopsongthistimetheotherday?--Yes,andIheardthissong______inEnglish.A.sing;singingB.sung;sungC.sung;singingD.singing;sung7.Themoneycollectedshouldbemadegooduse_____thepeopleinSouthAsiawhosufferedalotinthekillerearthquakeandtsunami.A.ofhelpB.tohelpC.tohelpingD.oftohelp8.WhenIcamehomelastnight,Isawmylittlekid_____onthebed,withhiswholeattention______uponthebookaboutHarryPorter.A.lying;fixingB.lay;fixedC.sitting;tofixD.seated;fixed9.Lawsthatpunishparentsfortheirlittlechildren’sactionsagainstthelawsgetparents_____.A.worriedB.toworryC.worryingD.worry10.Onmywayhome;Isawathief_____moneyfromaladybythepolice.A.beingcaughtB.havingcaughtC.caughtstealingD.havecaughttostealing11.Mrs.Brownwasmuchdisappointedtoseethewashingmachineshehadhad____wentwrongagain.A.itB.itrepairedC.repairedD.toberepaired12.Theresultoftheentranceexamswasnotmade_______tothepublicuntillastThursday.A.knowingB.kn