高考英語外刊閱讀模擬強化訓(xùn)練+七選五專題二十一

高考英語外刊閱讀模擬強化訓(xùn)練七選五專題二十一①Abloodtesttomeasurewhetheradriverwhohascausedanaccidentwasimpairedbylackofsleepcouldbeavailablewithintwoyears,makingiteasiertolegislateagainstdrowsydriversortheiremployers.Theresearchcomesasfreshevidencesuggeststhatdrivingonlessthanfivehours’sleepisasdangerousasbeingoverthelegaldrink-drivelimitinmanycountries.____1____“Therehastobeasystemtocheckwhethersomeonehashadenoughsleep,becausetheycouldbeputtingotherpeople’slivesatrisk,”saidProfStevenLockley,asleepexpertatHarvardmedicalschool,whoadvisesNasaonsleepsafety.ProfClareAnderson,ofMonashUniversityinMelbourne,Australia,whoisleadingeffortstodevelopablood-basedtest,said:“Whenyoulookatthemajorkillersontheroad,alcoholisoneofthem,speedingisanother,andfatigueisoneofthem.Manysleepexpertsagreethatlegislationisneededtoreducedeathsfromdrowsydriving.AlmosthalfofUKdrivershaveadmittedtodrivingafterlessthanfivehours’sleep.____2____Moreover,theyalsoleadtoone-quarteroffatalandseriouscrashes.Anderson’steamhasidentifiedfivebio-markersinbloodthatcandetectwhethersomebodyhasbeenawakefor24hoursormore.“___3_____Andthey’reconsistentacrossindividuals,”saidAnderson.“Someofthemarelipids,someofthemareproducedinthegut,sothey’refromdifferentpartsofthebody–whichisinteresting,becausesleepisimplicatedinanumberofdifferenthealthproblems.“Buttheyarenotmetabolitesthatareinvolvedinthingslikecaffeineoranxietyoradrenaline,whichcouldbeaffectedifsomebodyhasbeeninvolvedinamotorvehiclecrash.”____4_____“Westillgetcloseto90%accuracyatbeingabletodetectsleeploss,whichisprettyhighconsideringallthethingsthataregoingoninpeople’slivesbeyondjustsleep,”Andersonsaid.Furtherworkisneededtovalidatethemarkersandinvestigatewhethertheycanshowwhethersomeonehassleptfor,say,fivehoursorjusttwo.____5______【TheGuardian(May8,2023)】A.OthertipsincludeavoidingdrivingwhenyouwouldnormallybesleepingB.Itcouldalsoenablepeopletobeprosecutedfordrivingwhilefatigued,whichmanysleepexpertshavebeencallingfor.C.Andersonbelievesthataforensicbloodtestforsleepdeprivationcouldbereadyinaslittleastwoyears.D.Theyarereallystronglyrelatedtohowlongsomebody’sbeenawake.E.Expertsestimatethatfatigue-relatedcrashesaccountforupto20%ofallUKvehiclecollisions.F.Ourcapacitytomanageitisimpairedbecausewedon’thavetoolstobeabletomonitoritG.Follow-upstudiesconductedinconditionsclosertoreal-worldsituationshavealsoindicatedthesebio-markerscandetectwhetherornotsomeonehasslept.②TheadvertisingwatchdogisbanninggrowingnumbersofadvertisementsthatexaggeratethebenefitsofhealthandbeautytreatmentssuchasBotox,lipfillersanddietaids.TheactionbytheAdvertisingStandardsAuthority(ASA)ispartofacrackdownagainstbeautyclinicsandmanufacturersofaestheticproductsoverhowtheypromotethemselves.Researchrecentlyfoundalmostnineoutof10beautyclinicswerebreakingthelawbyadvertisingBotoxandotherformsofbotulinumtoxin,whichpeopleusetohidewrinkles._____1____TheASA’sincreasedinterventionisalsoaresponsetotheCommonshealthandsocialcareselectcommitteeurgingthewatchdoglastAugusttogettoughwithonlinecontent._____2___ProfDavidSines,thechairoftheJointCouncilforCosmeticPractitioners,whichisseekingbetterregulationofthebeautysector,said:“TheASAhavebeenmakingaconcertedefforttoscan,reviewandanalyseahostofsocialmediaandwebsiteadvertisingpostsfromaestheticclinicsandsalons.____3_____”Sinespraisedtheregulator’s“moreassertive”actionon“therelentlessstreamofinappropriateandoftenillegaladvertisementsthatappeardailyacrosssocialmediawebsitesintheUK.____4_____.”TheASAspokespersonsaidadvertisersmustnot“exaggeratetheefficacyofanytreatments”or“exploitconsumers’potentialinsecuritiesabouttheirbodies”.VictoriaBrownlie,thechiefpolicyofficeroftheBritishBeautyCouncil,whichrepresentsbeautytherapists,urgedclinicstouseonlyresponsibleadvertising.“____5___.Upholdingtherulesaroundsafeadvertisingiskey.”【TheGuardian(May8,2023)】A.Businessesandpractitionersofthebeautyindustryneedtoupholdconsumersafetystandardsasanumberonepriority.B.Sclerotherapyinvolvesprescription-onlymedicine.C.Thathasresultedinthemapplyingaconcertedcampaigntoflushoutthosewhoarepostingillegalormisleadingadverts.D.Lastautumn,itappointedamemberofstafftocoordinateitsgreaterscrutinyofbeautyindustrybehaviour.E.Therearefearsthattoomanyoperatorsinthepoorlyregulatedcosmetictreatmentssectorareendangeringclients’self-esteemandmentalhealth.F.Thatusuallypromotesanidealised,oftendoctoredandunrealistic,bodyimagewhichdevelopslowself-esteemandrelatedmentalhealthconditions.G.WeratesomeoftheadvertisementsthattheASAhaveagreedtotakeactionagainsttorepresenta

seriousthreatofharmtothepublic③Onsomelevel,itsortofmakessensethatbreakfastshouldhaveaplaceinthefoodhierarchythatothermealsdon’t.Butifyouskipbreakfast,areyoureallysettingyourselfupforfailure–dietaryorotherwise?And,consideringtheresultsbeingpromisedforvariousformsoffasting,coulditevensomehowhelp?_____1____Ananalysispublishedin2021ofshortandlong-termstudiesconcludedthattherewas“minimalevidencethatskippingbreakfastmightleadtoweightgainandtheonsetofbecomingoverweightorobese”.Slightlymoreconcerningistheevidencethatskippingbreakfastmightmeanyou’reeatingworseoverall–researchbyOhioStateUniversitystudyingmorethan30,000Americansconcludedthatbreakfast-dodgersoftenmissoutonimportantnutrientsincludingvitaminsA,B1,B2,B3,CandD.___2_____.Butcorrelationisnotcausation,andallthisreallymeansisthatthesortsofpeoplewhotendtoskipbreakfastareoftenalsothesortwhodon’teatthatwelltherestofthetime._____3___SoifyoucangivetheWeetabixamissbutmakeupforitovertherestoftheday,areyouintheclear?Shortanswer:probably.“Inmyexperience,peoplewhoskipbreakfastcanfallintothemindsetofthinkingthat,becausethey’ve‘saved’caloriesfirstthing,theycantreatthemselvesovertherestoftheday,”saysArooshaNekonam,acertifiedpersonaltraineratUltimatePerformance.“Andbecausethey’resohungry,theygiveintothetemptationofeatinghigh-sugar,high-carbohydratefoodsforinstantgratification,whichspikestheirbloodsugar,andleavesthemsluggishwhentheirbloodsugarlevelcrashes.___4____”Thetake-homemessage,then,isthatthere’snoclearcutbenefittobeingaskipperoraneater–aslongaswhatyoueatishealthyinthefirstplace.“____5____,”saysNekonam.“Somepeoplearemoreenergisedandmoreproductiveonanemptystomachfirstthinginthemorning,orsimplyaren’thungrywhentheywakeup.Ifyou’retryingtogainmusclethenskippingbreakfastisanobviousno-no–youneedenergy,andit’scompletelycounter-produ