旋耕機的類型和構(gòu)架的研究推廣分析

旋耕機的類型和構(gòu)架的研究推廣分析Analysisofthetypeandstructureofrotarycultivator1.ThedevelopmentofarotarycultivatorThedevelopmentofrotarytillerhasbeenaroundformorethan150years.ItwasoriginallyBritishandbeautiful.Theuseofthecountry,whichisdrivenbythreetofourkWinternalcombustionengines,ismainlyusedforthecultivationofgardens.Afterthedevelopmentoftherotarycultivator,therotarycultivatorenteredthefield.Atthebeginningofthe20thcentury.AftertheintroductionofthedryfieldrotarycultivatorinEurope,alotofexperimentalresearchhasbeencarriedoutThebladeisappliedtotheneedsofpaddyfield,andthebladeandthebladeoftheknifeshaftaresolved.Thetillerwasdevelopedrapidly.Ourcountry'sdevelopmentofrotarytillerbeganinthelate1950s,theearlymajorresearchTherotarycultivatorwiththesupportingtractorwasdevelopedandthendevelopedwiththemediumwheeledtractorAmatchingrotarycultivator;Intheearly1970s,allkindsoftractormatchingwascompletedThedesignoftheseriesrotarytiller,andtheapplicationoftheseries.Bythe1980s,Therotarycultivatorwiththesupportingtractorisdevelopedfromthespecialtypetothedualuse,withthehandsupportThetractorisfittedwiththewheelsandcrawlertractor.ThetillerisinourcountryThedevelopmentofsinglemachine,developmentseriesproducts,newproductdevelopmentandgeneration3Inthisphase,thedevelopmentandpromotionofnewplantingandfarmingagronomyisbasedontherotillerfoundationItalsohasacombinationofvariousUSES.ThenewseriesofrotarycultivatorsareadoptedThenewtypeofrotaryploughingknife,whichcombinesreasonablespeedparameters,widthandcomplexfunction,Usingthefoundationofrotarytiller,itcanbeassembledonmanykindsofmachines,whichcanbesatisfiedThesameuseandagriculturalrequirements.Atpresent,thescopeofourrototillerisexpanding,Therearemorethan100factoriesandpartsmanufacturers,fromthesouthwaterfieldstothenortherndrylands.Itiswidelyusedinfieldssuchaspasture,wastelandandfruittrees.2.Typeandstructureofrotarycultivator2.1TypeoftillerTherearemanydifferentclassificationmethodsforrotarytiller,whichcanbedividedaccordingtothepositionofthetoolshaft.Type,verticalanddiagonal,theuseofhorizontalrotarytillerismorecommon.2.2ThetransmissionformThetransmissionformofrotarycultivatoristwokindsofmiddledriveandsidedrive.ThemiddledrivetrainThesystemconsistsoftheuniversaljointdriveshaftandtheintermediatetransmissionbox;ThesidedrivesystemismadeupofuniversaljointsThedrivingshaft,themiddledriveboxandthesidedrivingbox.ThesidedrivehasgeartransmissionMovingandsprocketdrivetwo,thesidedriveboxadoptsthechaindrive,theprocessingdemandislow,Notonlythereliabilityispoor,buttheservicelifeisshort,thechainisbrokenandthemaintenancecostwillbeincreased.Whenthemiddledriveisadopted,thelowerpartofthetransmissionboxcausestheleakageofthefield,affectingthequalityofthework,Inordertosolvethisproblem,alooseearthshovelisfixedatthebottomofthetransmissionbox,whichissmallTypeshareplows,ortwospecialcurvedknivesnexttothetransmissionbox.InordertoadapttoDifferentsoilconditionsandtractorpoweroutputshaftspeed,thetransmissionofrotarytiller.Theboxhasaspeedratioofdifferentgearstogetdifferentblade.speed.2.3ThetillerisattachedtothetractorTherearethreekindsofsuspension,directconnectionandtractionoftherotarytillerandtractorIntheform,Chinacurrentlyadoptsthefirsttwotypesofjoin.Thesuspensionofthethree-pointsuspensionrotarycultivatorThehangingandliftingisthesameasthesharetypeplow,drivenbythetractorpoweroutputshaft,throughthewanxiang.Theshaftoftheshaftisdrivenbythegearbox.DirectconnectedrotarycultivatorItismainlyusedtosupportthemanualtractor,usuallyafterthemanualtractorgearbox.Thecoverisremovedandthentherotarygearreducerandtractorgearboxarebolted.Together,thegearsinatractorgearboxpassdirectlytotherottiller'sgear.Drivetherotarytiller.2.4TheturningoftheknifeandthespeedTheshiftofthehorizontalrotarykniferollerhasapositiverotationandinversionoftwotypes,atpresent,usingthemore.Alotofitisarotarytiller.Whenturning,thebladeisforcedtocutupthedirtandturnthesoilback.Throw,groundblockandmachinecoveranddragboardcollision,furtherbreak,breakgroundissufficient,butwork.Highconsumption,whichaffectsthestabilityofthecultivateddepthwhentheploughingdepthincreases.Kniferollreversalishelpful.Reducingtheenergyconsumptionofcuttingearthandimprovingtheeffectofgroundbreaking,coveringtheburiedgreenabilityisstrong,buttheresultisalready.Theaccumulationoftheplowedsoilcausestherepeatedcuttingoftheblade,increasingunnecessaryloadandwork.Consumption..Whenreversingrotarytiller,theshellclayismoresevereandthesoilmoistureishigher.Inthecase,reverserotarytillershouldnotbeused..Thepowerconsumptionoftherotaryspeedontherototillergroup.Loudnoise,idealconfigurationislowkniferollspeedandhighadvancespeed.Inthesamecase,therollspeedoftheknifeis180~260r/min,soatpresent,thespeedofkniferollerhasdecreasedTrend.2.5CutsoilpitchInthesamelongitudinalplane,theturningoftheearth'ssoil,thetimeintervalofthecuttingsoilInside,thedistanceoftheunitiscalledthecuttingpitch.ThecuttingpitchismorethanthatofthegroundLargeeffect,generallytoachievegoodbreakgroundeffect,canincreasekniferollinaweekThenumberofbladesortheincreaseoftherotationalspeedratio,thereductionofthespeedoftheunit.Rightnow,inthemiddle.Inthefieldofwheatfieldsofviscosity,thecuttingpitchis10centimeters.2.6bladeandconfigurationThebladehaschisel,rightAngleknife(alsocalledLknifeorwideknife)andcurvedknife3kindsForm.Theedgeofthechiselknifehasachiseledge,thesoilabilityisstrong,buteasytogetthegrass,generalfitnessUsedforreclamationandloosefields.Theedgeofaright-angleknifeiscutbysidecuttingedgeandtangentThebladeismadeof,thecuttingstyleissimilartothechiselknife,butthebladeiswideandrigid.Suitablefordrygroundworkindrysoil.ThebladeofacurvedknifeisformedbythecurveThesidecuttingedgeandthetangentedgearetwoparts,whichcaneasilybecutoffandnoteasytowrapGrass,suitableforworkinginthegrassfield,isakindofwaterdroughtcommonknifetype.ThearrangementofthemacheteontheknifeaxisisaffectingthequalityandpowerconsumptionofrotarycultivatorsOneoftheimportantfactorsoftheinstallationcanbeconfiguredaccordingtodifferentagriculturalskills.machetesThearrangementshouldgenerallymeetthefollowingrequirements:thebladeshouldworkashardaspossibletolimittheconstraintsonthesideToreducethelateralpressureontheshaftbearing,reducetherotationoftherotarybladeTheturningdistanceofthecenteroftheplowingmachineensuresthatthemachineworksinastraightline,reducingpowerconsumptionandadjacentdaoThespacingbetweentheslicesshouldbeaslargeaspossibletopreventthecuttingoftheknife.ThecurvedknifeTherearethreemaintypesofinstallationmethods.Inside,outside,andinterlaced.2.7TheselectionofthespeedoftheunitTheprincipleofthespeedselectionoftheunitistoreachthegroundlevelandthesurfacelevel.Toensurethequalityoffarming,thepowerofthetractorshouldbefullyutilized.Usuallybefore.Speed2~5km/hcanbeusedwhenfarmingonsolidsoilForwardspeed.2.8HomeworkwidthInordertocontroltheincreaseinpowerconsumption,theplowingshouldbecompressedproperly,butinordertoeliminatethedelayThewheelrutmakesthegroundlevelafterploughing,andcanbetowedwhenthesoilissmallerthanresistanceThepullerandtherotarytillerarebeingconfiguredtomaketheploughsmorethan10cmintherearofthetractor.Inthecaseofsoilresistance,thetractorandrotarytillerwillbeused.Underthesoilconditionsofthesouthernwaterfield,itis12~16cmdeepandthespindlespeedof180~220.R/min,theforwardvelocityis2~5km/h.3ResearchandpromotionofrotarytillerAtpresent,therotarytillerhasbeenwidelyused,butduetotheexistingproductseries.Thelimitationofstrengthandstructuresize,itsfunctionhasbeenrelativelysimpleLimitedtomedium,smallpowertractor,lacklargeanddeep-cultivatedproducts.Inthefuture,Theresearchandpromotionofthemachineshouldbedominatedbylarge,deepplowing.3.1Morethan20cmdeepplowedrotarycultivatorandacombinationofrotationaltillage.ThejointoperatingmachineandtherotarycultivatorwiththepowertractorBecauseofthepowertractorhasseveralslowspeedandevencrawl,somecountries.Thedeepplowingmachinewasdevelopedandthedeepplowingmachinewasdeveloped,whichreached30~60respectivelyCmand90~120cm,therebygreatlywideningthetillagefield.3.2Reducingpowerconsumptionandincreasingefficiencyisalsoafocusoffutureresearchandpromotion.Inordertoreducethepowerconsumptionandimprovethequalityofthecultivation,thebladeparametersshouldbefurtherstudied.Explorenewmethodsofcultivating,suchassubsoilreversal,etc.Atpresent,thecountryhasproducedthereverse.Rotaryploughingmachine,whichisnowwidelyusedforfarmingandcoveringgreenmanure;Drainplough,Theadvantageofdrivingthediscploughistomakethespinningpartinthehorizontalpositionofthehorizontalplane.Itcancutthesoilsmoothly,thebladeofthebladeisevenlydistributed,therebyreducingthepowerconsumption.Toimproveefficiency,Wealsoneedtodeveloplargemachinetoolsthatcanbeusedformulti-functionjointoperation.3.3ReducemaintenancecostsforusersThedesignofrotarycultivatorisdesignedbymeansoftheprincipleandmethodofservicelife.Thecertificateisusedfor4~5years,reducingthemaintenancecostoftheuser.3.4ApplicationsofemergingtechnologiesWiththedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,weshouldconsiderapplyingsomenewtechniquestorotarycultivators.Onthetop,suchastheinformationsystem,developacopycontroloftheorchard,theforestfieldusetherotarytillerandTherotarytillerofhydraulickniferoller.4DesignofdatasignalprocessingsystemThedatasignalprocessingsystemistheheartofthedetectionsystem,andherelatestothedetectionsystem.Theprecisionofthecottonisaffectedbytheprecision.High-speeddatacollectionprocessingsystemisThedevelopmentdirectionofthedatacollectionprocessingsystemistoobservethecottonspecies.ThedetectionandsubsequentprocessingofthemeasuredsignalsdirectlyaffecttheselectionofcottoncolorColorselectionaccuracy.Therefore,thedesignofdatasignalprocessingsystemisespeciallycritical.TheprincipleofthecollectionsystemisthattheCCDisdrivenbythedrivercircuit.Theanalogsignalsarecollectedandtheanalogsignalsarecollectedbysignalconditioningcircuit.ToconvertanalogsignalsintodigitalsignalstoimproveDSPprocessingspeed,addedFIFObuffertothesystem,becauseofhereFIFOdevicesdonotmatchtheleveloftheDSPchipthatwaschosen,sointhesystemAlevelconverterisadded,andafteraFIFObuffer,thesignalentersDSPProcessingthemodule,thenprocessingthesignal,andfinallybyMCUtocontroltheexecutionmachineStructure.TheDSPprocessingmoduleisthekeytothesystem,whichUSEDIT,ProductionDSPchip,C2XXkernel,4assemblylinedesign,instructioncycle2.5Ns,3.3Vpowersupply;Thereare32k16bitsofFLASHand16bitsofRAM,bothofthemProcessRAM544bytes,singleprocessRAM2kbytes,noexternalstorage;A16-channel10-bitADC,theminimumconversiontimeof500ns;OutsideaserialSettheinterfaceSPI;YoucanusestandardCprogrammerprogramming,orClanguageandsinkProgramminglanguagestomeetindustrialcontrolrequirementsperfectly.Here,DSPisthesignalprocessingcenterfortheentirehardwaresystem,andheacceptstheharvestfromtheCCDThesetsignalisprocessedandpassedtoMCUwhileDSPiscompleteFLASHandSDRAMcontrol5conclusionTheelectro-opticaldetectionsystemisthecoresystemofthede-flannelercottoncolorselectionmachine,andalsoAverysophisticatedsystemwithhighprecisioninactualproduction,howmuchmoreReasonabledesignofthewholesystem,suchasopticalimagingandopticalilluminationFurtherresearchisneeded.ThispapermainlydealswithopticalsystemanddataprocessingsystemThispaperbrieflydiscussesthesettingofthephotodetectionsystemofthedevelvetsThemethodistolaythefoundationforthedesignoftheremovalofcotton.旋耕機的類型和構(gòu)架的研究推廣分析1旋耕機的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀旋耕機的發(fā)展至今已有150多年的歷史,最初在英國、美國推廣使用,由3~4kW內(nèi)燃機驅(qū)動,主要用于庭園耕作,直到L型旋耕刀研制成功后,旋耕機才進入大田作業(yè)。20世紀初,日本從歐洲引進旱田旋耕機后,經(jīng)過大量的試驗研究工作,研制出適用于水田耕作要求的彎刀,解決了刀齒和刀軸的纏草問題,旋耕機才得到了迅速發(fā)展。我國對旋耕機的研制始于20世紀50年代末,初期主要研制與手扶拖拉機配套的旋耕機,后來研制出與中型輪式拖拉機配套的旋耕機;70年代初完成了與當(dāng)時國產(chǎn)的各類拖拉機配套的系列旋耕機的設(shè)計,并使之得到了推廣應(yīng)用;到80年代,與手扶拖拉機配套的旋耕機由專用型發(fā)展到兼用型,由與手扶拖拉機配套發(fā)展到與輪式及履帶式拖拉機配套。旋耕機在我國的發(fā)展經(jīng)歷了單機研制、發(fā)展系列產(chǎn)品、新產(chǎn)品開發(fā)和換代3個階段,隨著新的種植、耕作農(nóng)藝的發(fā)展和推廣,在旋耕機基礎(chǔ)上還研制出了多種用途的聯(lián)合復(fù)式作業(yè)機。新系列旋耕機采用的新型旋耕刀,綜合了合理的速度參數(shù)、幅寬和復(fù)式作業(yè)功能,采用旋耕機基礎(chǔ)件組合式結(jié)構(gòu),可組裝在多種機型上,滿足不同的用途與農(nóng)藝要求。目前,我國旋耕機的使用范圍不斷擴大,整機及零部件生產(chǎn)企業(yè)有100余家,從南方水田到北方旱地以及牧場、荒地和果林等都廣泛使用旋耕機進行耕耘作業(yè)。2旋耕機的類型和構(gòu)架2.1旋耕機的類型旋耕機有多種不同的分類方法,按刀軸的位置可分為臥式、立式和斜置式,目前,臥式旋耕機的使用較為普遍。2.2傳動形式旋耕機傳動形式有中間傳動和側(cè)邊傳動2種。中間傳動系統(tǒng)由萬向節(jié)傳動軸和中間傳動箱組成;側(cè)邊傳動系統(tǒng)由萬向節(jié)傳動軸、中間傳動箱和側(cè)邊傳動箱組成。側(cè)邊傳動又有齒輪傳動和鏈輪傳動2種,側(cè)邊傳動箱采用鏈傳動時,加工要求較低,不但可靠性較差,而且使用壽命短,鏈條斷后會增加維修費用。當(dāng)采用中間傳動時,傳動箱的下部會造成漏耕,影響作業(yè)質(zhì)量，為了解決這個問題,在傳動箱的下部固定了一個松土鏟,即小型鏵式犁,或者在傳動箱的旁邊裝2把特殊的彎刀。為了適應(yīng)不同的土壤條件及拖拉機動力輸出軸轉(zhuǎn)速,有的旋耕機的傳動箱配有速比不同的齒輪,以得到不同的刀輥轉(zhuǎn)速。2.3旋耕機與拖拉機的掛接旋耕機與拖拉機的掛接有三點懸掛、直接聯(lián)接和牽引3種形式,我國目前采用前2種聯(lián)接方式。三點懸掛式旋耕機的懸掛及升降與鏵式犁相同,由拖拉機動力輸出軸驅(qū)動,通過萬向節(jié)傳動軸,經(jīng)傳動箱減速后帶動刀軸工作。直接聯(lián)接式旋耕機主要用于與手扶拖拉機配套,一般是將手扶拖拉機的變速箱后蓋取下來,然后將旋耕機減速箱和拖拉機變速箱用螺栓聯(lián)接在一起,動力由拖拉機變速箱里的齒輪直接傳給旋耕機的齒輪,以驅(qū)動旋耕機運轉(zhuǎn)。2.4刀輥轉(zhuǎn)向及轉(zhuǎn)速臥式旋耕機刀輥的轉(zhuǎn)向有正轉(zhuǎn)和反轉(zhuǎn)2種,目前,使用較多的是正轉(zhuǎn)旋耕機。正轉(zhuǎn)時刀片強制切碎土塊,并將土塊向后拋擲,土塊與機罩及拖板相撞后,進一步破碎,碎土充分,但功耗較大,在耕深增加時,影響耕深的穩(wěn)定性。刀輥反轉(zhuǎn)則有利于降低切土能耗和提高碎土效果,覆蓋埋青能力強,但易導(dǎo)致已耕土塊堆積,造成刀輥的重復(fù)切削,增大了不必要的負荷和功耗。反轉(zhuǎn)旋耕機作業(yè)時,罩殼黏土比較嚴重,在土壤濕度較大的情況下,不宜采用反轉(zhuǎn)旋耕機。刀輥轉(zhuǎn)速對旋耕機組的功耗影響較大,較理想的配置是低的刀輥轉(zhuǎn)速和較高的前進速度。一般情況下,刀輥轉(zhuǎn)速為180~260r/min,目前,刀輥轉(zhuǎn)速有降低的趨勢。2.5切土節(jié)距同一縱向平面內(nèi)切土的旋耕刀,在其相繼切土的時間間隔內(nèi),機組前進的距離稱為切土節(jié)距。切土節(jié)距對碎土程度有較大的影響,一般為達到良好的碎土效果,可增加刀輥在一周內(nèi)的刀片數(shù)量或增加旋耕速比,即降低機組前進速度。目前,在中等黏度的麥田地,切土節(jié)距為10cm。2.6刀片及配置刀片有鑿型刀、直角型刀(又稱L型刀或?qū)挼?和彎刀3種形式。鑿型刀正有鑿型刃口,入土能力強,但易纏草,一般適用于墾荒地和較疏松的田地。直角型刀的刃口由側(cè)切刃和正切刃組成,切削方式和鑿型刀相似,也易纏草,但刀身寬,剛性好,適合在土質(zhì)較硬的干旱地上作業(yè)。彎刀的刃口由曲線構(gòu)成,包括側(cè)切刃和正切刃2個部分,可輕松地將草莖切斷,且不易纏草,適合在多草的田里作業(yè),是一種水旱通用的刀型。彎刀在刀軸上的排列是影響旋耕機耕作質(zhì)量及功率消耗的重要因素之一,在安裝時可根據(jù)不同的農(nóng)藝要求配置。彎刀的排列一般應(yīng)滿足下列要求:刀片盡量工作在少側(cè)向約束條件下,并均勻入土,以減小對刀軸軸承的側(cè)壓力,減少旋耕刀對旋耕機重心的轉(zhuǎn)距,保證機器工作時的直線性,減少功耗,相鄰刀片間沿圓周方向的間距應(yīng)盡可能大,以防止刀間壅土。彎刀的安裝方法主要有3種；內(nèi)裝法，外裝法，交錯法。2.7機組前進速度的選擇機組前進速度選擇的原則是達到碎土要求,地表平整,既要保證耕作質(zhì)量,又要充分發(fā)揮拖拉機的功率。一般情況下前進速度