difference明確閱讀要求

Unit1Makingadifference明確閱讀要求

閱讀理解是英語學(xué)習(xí)和英語測(cè)試的重要手段，閱讀能力的測(cè)試分為理解能

力和閱讀速度。對(duì)于高

二學(xué)生來說，閱讀能力測(cè)試的主要要求如下：

1.正確理解作者的思想、觀點(diǎn)和意圖。

2.正確理解文章的主題。

3.正確理解文章細(xì)節(jié)，包括文章段落大意。

4.能夠通過表面文字，挖掘和理解文章的深層含義。

5.能夠依據(jù)所提供的信息，結(jié)合中學(xué)生應(yīng)有的常識(shí)正確猜測(cè)詞句的含義。

對(duì)于這些能力的考查主要體現(xiàn)在以下四種試題中：

L推理判斷題。2.歸納概括題。3.細(xì)節(jié)認(rèn)定題。4,詞義猜測(cè)題。

PassageA

FrancisBacon,oneofthemostimportantphilosophers（哲人）ofEngland,

wasborninLondonandeducatedatCambridgeUniversity.Whenhewasonly

15,hewenttoFrancetoworkfortheEnglishambassador（大使）Two

yearslaterhewentbacktoEnglandtostudylaw.Attheageof

twenty--threehewaschosentoparliament（議會(huì)）.Hisideasabouthow

scientistsshouldstudythingsinnaturehelptobringthemodernway

ofthinking,calledthescientific

method2.

OneoftheBacon'sbestknownbookswashisEssays.Eachessaywas

ashortpieceofwritinginwhichhetriedtogivealessonbydiscussing

sidesofasubjectsuchasstudying,conversation,friendsandhealthy

living.Inmanyofhisbooks,Baconexplainedhowscientistsshouldstudy

thingsastheyreallyexistedinnatureandthentriedtofigureoutwhat

causedaparticularthingtobeasitwas.Later,bydoingexperiments,

thescientistcouldseethatanyonecausewouldalwayshavethesame

result.Thismethod,whichiscalledinductive

reasoning,isusedbyallthescientiststoday,butitwasnewinBacon，s

time.

注釋：

①Whenhewasonly15,hewenttoFrancetoworkfortheEnglish

ambassador.當(dāng)他只

有15歲時(shí)，他就去法國(guó)為英國(guó)大使工作。詞組workfor...“為……工作，

為……做事”

②Hisideasabouthowscientistsshouldstudythingsinnaturehelp

tobringthemodernwayofthinking,calledthescientificmethod.他

的有關(guān)科學(xué)家應(yīng)該從本質(zhì)上來研究事物的思想有助于現(xiàn)代思維方式的形成，這

種思維方式被稱作科學(xué)方法。詞組innature意思是“實(shí)際上，本

質(zhì)上”。

根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，選擇正確答案：

1.Accordingtothepassageweknowthat.

A.FrancisBaconwasthemostimportantphilosopherofEngland

B.FrancisBaconhadgoodeducation

C.FrancisBaconworkedforaFrenchambassadorattheageof15

D.FrancisBaconstayedinFranceuntilhewas23

2.ItcanbeknownthatFrancisBaconwasfamousfor____.

A.inventingthescientificmethodofstudyingthingsinnature

B.hisbooks

C.hisEssays

D.beingamemberofparliament

3.Hisessaygavemanyusefullessonson____.

A.studyingB.conversation

C.friendsandhealthylivingD.alloftheabove

4.Theunderlinedphraseainductivereasoningvinthelast

paragraphmeans.

A.todiscovergenerallawsfromparticularfactsorexamples

B.toreachaconclusionbyreasoningfromgenerallawstoa

particularcase

C.tostudythingsastheyusedtobe

D.tostudythingsinaparticularway

5.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

A.Baconwasalearnedman.

B.Bacondidalotofphilosophy.

C.TheinductivereasoningwaswidelyusedbothtodayandinBacon，s

time.

D.Bacongavescientistsmuchusefuladvice.

PassageB

DoyousupposeDarwin,oneofthegreatestscientistsofalltime,really

didfools

experiments?Ordidhedoexperimentsthatweresosimpleandbasicthat

otherpeoplejust

thoughttheywerefoolish?

Sometimes,peoplethinktheyalreadyknowtheanswertoaquestion

orthesolution（解決辦法）toaproblem.Sometimes,theyreallydoknow

ananswerorasolution,butwithout

thinkingtheyareimportant.

CharlesDarwindidn,tsettlefor（滿足于）justthinkingheknew

something1.And,he

believedallthingscouldbeimportanthoweversimpletheyseemedtobe.

Supposeyoudropsheetsofpaperthatareofexactlythesamesize

andshape.Ifyoudropthematthesametimeinthesameplace,theywill

fallinthesameway.Nowmakeoneofthesheetsofpaperintoatight

（緊的）littleballandletitdropalongwiththeothersheets.What

happens?Youhavedoneanexperimentthatissosimplethatyoumight

think

itcouldn,tbeworthanything".

Butthissimpleexperimentisimportant.Itexplainspartofour

presentdayunderstandings

ofphysics,ideasthatwereworkedoutlongagobyGalileoandNewton.

AndtheseunderstandingssetasidesomeofancientGreekphysics.

Scientistsometimesstopstolookatverysimplethingsandtothink

veryhardaboutthem.Eventhesimplestidea,whichwemightthinkis

foolish,canshakethefoundations

ofscience0.

注釋：

①CharlesDarwindidn'tsettleforjustthinkingheknewsomething.

查理?達(dá)爾文

不僅僅滿足于認(rèn)為自己知道某件事。

②Youhavedoneanexperimentthatissosimplethatyoumightthink

itcouldn,tbe

worthanything.你已經(jīng)做了一個(gè)你可能認(rèn)為不值得做的實(shí)驗(yàn)。

③Eventhesimplestidea,whichwemightthinkisfoolish,canshake

thefoundations

ofscience.即使我們可能認(rèn)為是愚蠢的最簡(jiǎn)單的想法都能動(dòng)搖科學(xué)的根基。

根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，選擇正確答案：

1.ThepassagetellsusthatCharlesDarwin.

A.wasagreatEnglishscientist

B.alwayslikeddoingtheexperimentsthatothersthoughtdifficult

C.thoughteventhesimplestthingwasimportant

D.didn'tgetwellwithothers

2.Thephrase“setaside“mostprobablymeans.

A.throwawayB.storeupC.puttouseD.

realize

3.Theauthorofthepassagetriesto____.

A.convinceusthatCharlesDarwin,GalileoandNewtonarethegreatest

scientistsin

theworld

B.drawtheconclusionthatbasicsciencesaresimplethings

C.provethattwosheetsofpaper,withthesamesizeandshape,will

fallatthesame

speed

D.drawourattentiontoeverydayhappeningsaroundus

4.WhichoneofthefollowingisTRUE?

A.Darwinreallydidfoolsexperiments.

B.AccordingtosomepeopleDarwindidfoolishexperiments.

C.Itisbelievedbyallthepeoplethatthingscouldbeimportant

thoughtheyseemedto

besimple.

D.GalileoandNewtonworkedoutancientGreekphysics.

PassageC

EveryoneofusknowsthatAlbertEinsteinwasaworldfamousscientist.

Perhapswedon't

knowmuchabouthislife.Herearesomeamusinganecdotes（軼事）about

him.

WhenhearrivedinNewYorktobeprofessoratPrincetonUniversity,

Einsteinwasanxioustoavoidvisitorsandnewsmen.Sohisfriendstook

himofftheshipsecretlybeforeitdocked

（靠上碼頭）andhurriedhimawaybycar.

EinsteinsaidthatonlytwelvepeopleatthattimeunderstoodhisTheory

ofRelativity

（相對(duì)論），althoughmorethanninehundredbookshadbeenwrittento

explainit.

Mrs.EinsteinadmittedthatevenshedidnotunderstandtheTheoryof

Relativity;but

sheunderstoodsomethingfarmoreimportantforawife1;sheunderstood

herhusband.

Sheusedtoinvitesomefriendsinforteaandthenshewouldaskher

husbandtocomedownstairsandjointhem."No!”Einsteinwouldsaywith

anger.Hesimplycouldn'tstand

thoseuinterruptions（打擾）”.

ButMrs.Einsteinpersuadedherhusbandwithgreatpatienceandhad

himdrinkteawith

themandtakeagoodrest.

Mrs.Einsteinsaidthatherhusbandlikedorderinhisthinking,but

hecouldn，tlike

itinhislife.Hedidwhateverhewantedto2；

Einsteinhadonlytworulesofconduct（彳亍為準(zhǔn)貝（j）:onewas"Don'tbe

restrained（限

制）byanyrule”,andtheotherwas"Beindependentfromtheopinions

ofothers”.

Einsteinledaverysimplelife.Whenhewentout,hewasalwaysin

oldclothes,andseldom

didhewearahat.Helikedtowhistleandsinginthebathroom.

Heshavedwiththesamesoapasheusedforhisbath.Itseemsstrange

thatthegreatscientisttryingtosolvethemysteriesoftheuniverse

shouldconsiderthatusingtwopieces

ofsoapmadelifetoocomplicated.

Einsteinsaidhewashappybecausehedidn'twantmoneyortitlesor

foolishpraises.Hemadehisownhappinessoutofsuchsimplethingsas

playingtheviolinandsailinghis

boat③.

Einstein'sviolinbroughthimmorejoythananythingelseinhislife.

Hesaidheoften

thoughtinmusicandmadehisdaydreamsinmusic.

注釋

①M(fèi)rs.EinsteinadmittedthatevenshedidnotunderstandtheTheory

ofRelativity;butsheunderstoodsomethingfarmoreimportantforawife.

愛因斯坦夫人承認(rèn)即使她也不明

白相對(duì)論，但對(duì)于一個(gè)妻子來說，她懂得的事情遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)比這重要。

②Hedidwhateverhewantedto.他自己想做什么就做什么。

(3)Hemadehisownhappinessoutofsuchsimplethingsasplayingthe

violinandsailing

hisboat.他從拉小提琴、在船上航行等簡(jiǎn)單的事情中找到了快樂。

根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，選擇正確答案：

1.AlbertEinsteinwastakenofftheshipsecretlybyhisfriends

because____.

A.hedarednotseeanyone

B.hedidn,twanttomeetvisitorsandreporters

C.hewantedtosavetime

D.hewasafraidofbeingstoppedbysomeone

2.UsuallyEinsteinwouldrefusetojoinsomefriends,for.

A.hecouldn，tbearbeingdisturbed

B.hewasashamedtomeetfriends

C.hedislikedmakingfriends

D.hewasangrywithhisfriends

3.Whydidheshavewiththesamesoapasheusedforhisbath?

A.Itwashisspecialhabitofshaving.

B.Hewaslazy.

C.Hewantedtobeanindependentman.

D.Hedidn,twanttobekeptundercontrolbyanyrule.

4.WhatdoyouthinkofEinstein?

A.Hewasastrangescientist.

B.Helikedorderinhislife.

C.Hewasasimplemanwithgreatachievements.

D.Hedidn'tlikeorderinhiswork.

PassageD

ThefamousBritishinventorGeorgeStephenson'1wasbornin1781and

diedin1848.Oneofhis1importantinventionswasthetrain.He2his

firsttrainwhenhewasfortyfouryearsold.Whenhewasexperimenting2

withthe3engineonthetrain,hemetwith4fromthegovernment,the

newspaperandthegentlemeninthecountry.Theysaidthatthenoiseand

thesmokewould5cows,horsesandsheep,6theenginewouldburstor

thatthehotcoalsfromitwould7theirhouses.Atthattime8people

believedwhattheysaid.

GeorgeStephenson9thepeoplethatthetraincouldgoonsmall10,

couldpullcarriages11goodsandpassengersandtherewas12tothem.

Itwasavery13matterforhimto14thembelieve.However,after15,

hewasabletodoit;andthefirsttrainthat16byStephenson

himself17whathehadsaid.

Thefirstday18thepeoplealongtheway19thenoisesofthetrain

20andsawitrunningquicklytothem,theyranbackhomeasquicklyas

theycouldandclosedtheirdoorstightly,fortheythoughtitagenius

（妖'怪）.Theydidnotdaretocomeoutuntilithadpassed.3

注釋：

①GeorgeStephenson喬治?史蒂芬孫（1781T848）,英國(guó)鐵路的先驅(qū),制

造了第一輛實(shí)用蒸汽

機(jī)車（1814年）并修建了第一條客運(yùn)鐵路（1825年）o

②experiment動(dòng)詞，意為“做實(shí)驗(yàn)”

③直到火車開過去了他們才敢出來。

根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，選擇正確答案：

1.A.veryB.alotc.mostD.much

2.A.madeB.roducedD.did

3.A.electricalB.atomicc.steamD.oil

4.A.successB.troublesc.peopleD.pleasure

5.A.killB.erestD.takeaway

6.A./B.thatc.whatD.which

7.A.pulldownB.blowawayc.setfiretoD.pass

8.A.mostB.fewc.onlyafewD.therich

9.A.saidB.spokec.toldD.warned

10.A.roadsB.riversc.streetsD.rails

11.A.shortofB.fullofc.emptyofD.without

12.A.nogreatdangerB.dangerousc.alotofdangerD.fewdanger

13.A.easyB.difficultc.pleasantD.light

14.A.getB.causec.makeD.force

15.A.sometimesB.sometimec.afewtimesD.sometime

16.A.wassoldB.wasdrivenc.waspulledD.helped

17.A.believedB.seemedc.sensedD.proved

18.A.ofB.whenc.whileD.for

19.A.caughtsightofB.listenedc.heardD.thought

20.A.nearbyB.inthedistanceC.onthefarD.fromthe

distance

答案:

PassageA

本文主要介紹了英國(guó)哲學(xué)家、散文家培根，讓讀者了解培根的一些生平及他對(duì)

人類的貢獻(xiàn)。

1.B本題為推斷題。根據(jù)第一段第一句可知，培根是在劍橋大學(xué)接受的教育，

可知他受過良好的教育。本題也可用排除法選出正確答案，由短文的“oneof

themostimportantphilosophers^^可把A排除；由“hewenttoFranceto

workfortheEnglishambassador可把C排除；由uTwoyearslater,hewent

backtoEnglandtostudylaw”可知，培根17歲就回到了英國(guó)學(xué)習(xí)法律,因

此D

是錯(cuò)誤的。正確答案為B。

2.B本題為細(xì)節(jié)考查題。由短文第二段的第一句"OneoftheBaconbest

knownbookswashis

Essays.”可知培根因他的書籍而出名，Essays只是他著名書籍中的一本。

3.D本題為細(xì)節(jié)考查題。由第二段的"Eachessaywasashortpieceof

writinginwhichhetriedtogivealessonbydiscussingsidesofasubject

suchasstudying,conversation,friends

andhealthyliving.w可知，正確答案為D。

4.A本題為詞義猜測(cè)題。詞義猜測(cè)題應(yīng)根據(jù)其上下文的意思來猜測(cè)生詞或詞

組的意思。本題可由該詞組所在句的上句“Later,bydoingexperiments,the

scientistcouldseethatanyonecause

wouldalwayshavethesameresult."得出答案。

5.C本題為判斷題。本文最后一句告訴我們歸納推理(inductivereasoning)

的方法在培根時(shí)代并

沒有廣泛運(yùn)用，由此判斷出C項(xiàng)是錯(cuò)誤的。

PassageB

本文主要講述了查理?達(dá)爾文不滿足于已知的事實(shí)，經(jīng)常通過做實(shí)驗(yàn)來證

明別人看來非常容易的

事情。事實(shí)上，任何簡(jiǎn)單的想法都可能改變科學(xué)的根基。

LC本題為判斷題。短文并沒有說CharlesDarwin是哪個(gè)國(guó)家的科學(xué)家，

可排除A；由第二段可知?jiǎng)e人認(rèn)為Darwin的許多實(shí)驗(yàn)不值得做，可把B排除；

文中沒有論述Darwin與別人相處的事情,可排除D。由“hebelievedallthings

couldbeimportanthoweversimpletheyseemedtobe.(Para

3)”可推出答案C.

2.A本題為詞義猜測(cè)題。由上文可知作者認(rèn)為做這個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單實(shí)驗(yàn)是重要的，它

解釋了目前人們對(duì)于物理方面的理解。因此這些理解當(dāng)然是推翻了一些希臘古

典物理學(xué)的觀點(diǎn)。由此可推知setaside與

throwaway同義。

3.D本題為主旨大意題。短文的最后一段點(diǎn)明最簡(jiǎn)單的事情都可能動(dòng)搖科學(xué)

的根基，意在告訴讀

者要留意身邊的每一件事，哪怕它非常簡(jiǎn)單。

4.B本題為細(xì)節(jié)考查題。短文第一段第二句"Ordidhedoexperimentsthat

weresosimpleandbasicthatotherpeoplejustthoughttheywere

foolish?"明確告訴我們，有些人認(rèn)為Darwin

做了愚蠢的實(shí)驗(yàn)。

PassageC

LB本題為細(xì)節(jié)考查題。第二段第一句中提到"Einsteinwasanxiousto

avoidvisitorsandnewsmen.",因此我們知道他十分迫切地想避開前來拜訪

的人和新聞?dòng)浾?，從而得出正確答案B。

2.A本題為細(xì)節(jié)考查題。短文第五段談到了當(dāng)妻子讓愛因斯坦下樓來加入朋

友的聚會(huì)時(shí)，他總是

拒絕，因?yàn)樗淌懿涣吮粍e人打攪。

3.D本題為推理判斷題。由文章倒數(shù)第三段我們知道他認(rèn)為使用兩塊肥皂會(huì)

使他的生活變得復(fù)雜

化，又因他的一個(gè)行為準(zhǔn)則就是不喜歡受任何規(guī)則的約束，因此答案為D。

4.C本題為推理判斷題。由短文第七段第一句"Mrs.Einsteinsaidthat

husbandlikedorderinhisthinking,buthedidn't1ikeitinhislife.”

可知B和D是錯(cuò)誤的。讀完全文，讀

者不會(huì)感到愛因斯坦非常怪異，相反，我們知道他對(duì)人類做出了很大貢獻(xiàn)。因

此，答案為C。

PassageD

本文主要介紹了英國(guó)著名發(fā)明家GeorgeStephenson制造了第一輛實(shí)用蒸

汽機(jī)車后的一些遭遇以

及讓人們了解火車的難度。

1.C火車對(duì)于Stephenson來說是他最重要的發(fā)明之一，用very表達(dá)的程度不如

most深。

2.A因?yàn)榛疖囀荢tephenson的發(fā)明，所以應(yīng)是“他制造了一輛火車”，而

不是“引進(jìn)”或“買”

了火車。英語中表示“制造”不用do,選D的同學(xué)是受漢語影響。

3.C眾所周知，Stephenson發(fā)明的是蒸汽機(jī)車。

4.B由下文可知,很多人阻止Stephenson制造火車。success和pleasure

與句意不符；如果用

people,應(yīng)該在people前加the；troubles則符合下文的意思。

5.A他們是阻止Stephenson是因?yàn)樗麄冋J(rèn)為噪音和煙等會(huì)對(duì)他們的牲畜不

利，所以只有kill符

合題意。

6.B該從句后面不缺句子成分，可知C和D是錯(cuò)誤的。如果一個(gè)謂語動(dòng)詞有

兩個(gè)或多個(gè)賓語從句時(shí)，只有第一個(gè)賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞that可以省略，其他賓

語從句的引導(dǎo)詞不能省略，可得出答案B。

7.C由“coal（煤炭）”可推出答案為Co

8.A由上文可知人們對(duì)Stephenson的發(fā)明不支持，應(yīng)是很多人相信他們的

話。

9.C動(dòng)詞say和speak不接雙賓語，可以把A和B排除；根據(jù)句意可知

Stephenson并不是在警告

人們，而是想告訴人們有關(guān)火車的好處。

10.D火車應(yīng)在鐵軌上行駛。

11.B此處是介紹火車的好處一一火車能拉著裝滿貨物和乘客的車廂。

12.AStephenson不可能告訴人們火車有危險(xiǎn)，可把B和C排除。few不修

飾不可數(shù)名詞，可把D

排除。由此可得出答案A。

13.B由下文的However可以知道，讓人們相信他是一件困難的事情。

14.C這四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有make后接不帶to的不定式做賓語補(bǔ)足語。

15.Bsometimes和sometime不和after連用，可排除A和D；afewtimes

可與after連用，意

為“幾次以后”，不符合題意，排除C。只有B項(xiàng)sometime（一段時(shí)間），符合

題意。

16.B由空后by可以判斷出此處應(yīng)用被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)，可把D排除。再由句意可知，

此處是指Stephenson

親自駕駛火車，答案為B。

17.D由該句的主語火車可知，它不能和believe、sense連用，可排除A和

C；而seem作為系動(dòng)詞，意思是“好像”，放在此處不符合題意。只有prove

可以表達(dá)出“他開的第一輛火車證明了他說

的話”。

18.B此處when引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)定語從句。

19.C詞組catchsightof意思是"看見"，不和聲音連用；而think放在

此處意思不通順；由

下文可知此處是指“聽到的結(jié)果”，而不是聽的動(dòng)作，所以答案為C。

20.B詞組inthedistance意思是“在遠(yuǎn)處”，符合題意。

ButMrs.Einsteinpersuadedherhusbandwithgreatpatienceandhad

himdrinkteawith

themandtakeagoodrest.（Para6,PassageC）

但是愛因斯坦夫人很耐心地說服丈夫，讓他和她們一起喝茶，并好好休息一下。

persuade意為“說服”。

(1)表達(dá)意圖已經(jīng)達(dá)到，否則與宜y連用，或借助于詞組“advisesb.todo

sth.o

Ipersuadedmyfathertostopsmoking.我說服父親戒煙了。

Thegirltriedtopersuadehisbrothernottogothere,butshefailed.

這個(gè)女孩盡力說服弟弟不要去那兒，但她失敗了。

MybrotheradvisedmetolearnJapanesewell,butIdidn，tlisten.

我的哥哥建議我學(xué)好日語，但我不聽。

(2)persuade可以有以下幾種搭配形式:

?persuadesb.說服某人

?persuadesb.todosth.說服某人做某事

③persuadesb.outof(doing)sth.說服某人不做某事

?o(doing)sth.說服某人做某事

Ipersuadedtheoldmanoutofthestrangeidea.

我說服了那位老人放棄了那個(gè)古怪的想法。

Ipersuadedthemintoacceptingit.我說服他們接受了它。

Unit2Newsmedia掌握閱讀技巧

要想做好閱讀理解試題，除了具備扎實(shí)的基本功外，還要具備一定的閱讀

技巧。

1.先看問題再看文章?？磫栴}也是對(duì)文章進(jìn)行粗略把握的一種過程，同時(shí),

還可以讓大家在閱讀文章時(shí)有的放矢，進(jìn)行有針對(duì)性閱讀。

2.要把握住文章的主題句和中心句。主題句一般在文章第一段或者最后一

段，每一段也有自己的中心句。只要同學(xué)們能夠把握主題句和中心句，做閱讀

理解題就會(huì)得心應(yīng)手。

3.合理分配時(shí)間。閱讀時(shí)應(yīng)將注意力集中在對(duì)文章的整體理解上，不要將

過多的時(shí)間浪費(fèi)在那些無關(guān)緊要的內(nèi)容上。

4.不斷增加自己的詞匯量。多掌握一些詞匯可以提高你的閱讀速度，使自

己看文章時(shí)不為某一個(gè)單詞左右。

PassageA

Thefirstnewspaperwaswrittenbyhandandputuponwallsinpublic

places.TheearliestdailynewspaperwasstartedinRomein59B.C.In

the700'stheworld，sfirstprintednewspaperwaspublished.Europe

didn'thavearegularlypublishednewspaperuntil1609,whenonewas

startedinGermany.

ThefirstregularlypublishednewspaperinEnglishwasprintedin

Amsterdamin16201.In1621,anEnglishnewspaperwasstartedinLondon

andwaspublishedonceaweek.ThefirstdailyEnglishnewspaperwasthe

DailyCourtant,whichcameoutinMarch1702.

In1690,BenjaminHarrisprintedthefirstAmericannewspaperin

Boston.Butnotlongafteritwasfirstpublished,thegovernmentstopped

thepaper.In1704,JohnCampbellstartedtheBostonNewspaper,thefirst

newspaperpublisheddailyintheAmericanColonies（殖民地）.By1760,

thecolonieshadhadmorethanthirtydailynewspapers.Therearenow

about1,800dailypapersinUnitedStates.

Today,asagroup,Englishlanguagenewspapershavethelargest

circulationintheworld2.Butthelargestcirculationforanewspaper

isthatoftheJapanesenewspaperAsahiShimbun.Itsellsmorethaneleven

millioncopieseveryyear.

注釋：

①ThefirstregularlypublishednewspaperinEnglishwasprinted

inAmsterdamin1620.第一份定期出版的英文報(bào)紙于1620年在阿姆斯特丹印

刷。

②Today,asagroup,Englishlanguagenewspapershavethelargest

circulationintheworld.現(xiàn)在，作為一個(gè)整體，英文報(bào)紙有著世界上最大

的發(fā)行量。

根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，選擇正確答案：

1.ThefirstregularlyprintedEuropeannewspaperstartedin

A.Romein59B.C.B.Germanyin1609

C.Amsterdamin1620D.Englandin1621

2.ThefirstdailynewspaperinEnglishstartedin

A.1620B.1621C.1590D.1702

3.Fromthearticle,weknowthat

A.newspapershavethelongesthistoryintheUnitedStates

B.oneEnglishlanguagenewspaperhasthelargestcirculationinthe

world

C.thefirstEnglishnewspaperwasprintedinRomein59B.C.

D.thereareallkindsofnewspapersallovertheworldtoday

4.WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?

A.Newspapersstartedin59B.C.

B.GermanyhadtheearliestEuropeanprintednewspaper.

C.ThefirstEnglishnewspaperstartedinEngland.

D.ThefirstAmericannewspapersstoppedbefore1704.

5.Thebesttitleforthispassageshouldbe.

A.HistoryofNewspaper

B.HistoryofDailyNewspaper

C.TheBeginningofNewspapers

D.OnReadingNewspapers

PassageB

Agoodmodernnewspaperisanextraordinary（非凡的）pieceofreading.

Itisremarkably（顯著的）firstforwhatitcontains:therangeofnews

fromlocalcrimetointernationalpolitics,fromsportstobusinessto

fashiontoscience,andtherangeofcommentsandspecialfeaturesas

well,fromeditorialpagetofeaturearticlesandinterviewstocriticism

ofbooks,art,theatreandmusic.Anewspaperisevenmoreremarkable

forthewayonereadsit:nevercompletely,neverstraightthrough,but

alwaysbyjumpingfromheretothere,inandoutglancingatonepiece,

readinganotherarticleallthewaythrough,readingjustafewparagraphs

ofthenext.Agoodmodernnewspaperoffersavarietytoattractmany

differentreaders,butfarmorethananyonereaderisinterestedin.

Whatbringsthisvarietytogetherinoneplaceisitstopicality（時(shí)

事性），itsimmediaterelationtowhatishappeninginyourworldandyour

localitynow11.Butimmediacyandthespeedofproductionthatgoeswith

itmeanalsothatmuchofwhatappearsinanewspaperhasnomorethan

transient（暫時(shí)的）value.Forallthesereasons,notwopeoplereally

readthesamepaper:whateachpersondoesistoputtogetheroutofthe

pagesofthatday'spaper,hisownselectionandsequence,hisown

newspaper.Forallthesereasons,readingnewspaperefficiently,which

meansgettingwhatyouwantfromitwithoutmissingthingsyouneedbut

withoutwastingtime,demandsskillandselfawarenessasyoumodify

andapplythetechniquesofreading4.

注釋：

①Whatbringsthisvarietytogetherinoneplaceisitstopicality,

itsimmediaterelationtowhatishappeninginyourworldandyour

localitynow.報(bào)紙的時(shí)事性以及與當(dāng)?shù)睾褪澜缟险诎l(fā)生事情的迅速聯(lián)系性

把這些不同的內(nèi)容整合在一起。

②Forallthesereasons,readingnewspaperefficiently,whichmeans

gettingwhatyouwantfromthemwithoutmissingthingsyouneedbut

withoutwastingtime,demandsskillandselfawarenessasyoumodify

andapplythetechniquesofreading.因?yàn)檫@些原因，有效地看報(bào)意味著既

不會(huì)漏掉自己需要的又不浪費(fèi)時(shí)間地得到自己想得到的東西，在改進(jìn)和應(yīng)用閱

讀方法時(shí)也需要技巧和自我意識(shí)。

根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，在橫線上填上適當(dāng)?shù)脑~，完成下面的句子：

1.Amodernnewspaperisremarkableforits,andits

popularity.

2.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethatnewspaperreadersusually

readanewspaper.

3.Agoodnewspaperoffers“avariety”toreadersbecause.

4.Thebesttitleforthispassagewouldbe.

PassageC

VisitorstoBritainaresometimessurprisedtolearnthatnewspapers

therehavesuchalargecirculation!.TheuDailyMirrorvandthe“Daily

Express”bothsellaboutfourmillioncopieseveryday.Britishfamilies

generallybuyanewspapereverymorningandtwoorthreeonSundays.

Besidesthenationalpapers,thereis,however,anotherbranch（分

支）oftheBritishpresswhichsellsalmostasmanycopies.Local

newspapershaveaweeklycirculationof13million.Almosteverytown

andcountryareahasone.Nearlyallofthemholdtheirownfinancially

andmanyofthemareveryprofitable（賺錢的）.

Thesepapersarewrittenalmostentirelyforreadersinterestedin

localevents一births,weddings,deaths,council（地方議會(huì)）meetings

andsports2.Editorsprefertodependonpeoplewhoknowthedistrict

well.Agreatdealoflocalnewsisregularlysuppliedbyclubsand

churchesintheneighbourhoodanditdoesnotgetoutofdateasquickly

asnationalnews.

Theeditorsmustneverforgetthesuccessofanynewspaperdepends

onadvertising.Heisusuallyanxioustokeepthegoodwilloflocal

businessmenforthisreason.Butifthenewspaperiswellwrittenand

thenewsitemshavebeencarefullychosentodrawlocalreaders,the

businessmenaregratefulfortheopportunitytokeeptheirproductsin

thepubliceyes.

注釋：

①VisitorstoBritainaresometimessurprisedtolearnthat

newspaperstherehavesuchalargecirculation.至英國(guó)的參觀者有時(shí)吃

驚地得知那兒的報(bào)紙有如此大的發(fā)行量。

②Thesepapersarew