2009年職稱英語等級考試試題及答案解析-理工類(B級)

經(jīng)典word整理文檔，僅參考，雙擊此處可刪除頁眉頁腳。本資料屬于網(wǎng)絡(luò)整理，如有侵權(quán)，請聯(lián)系刪除，謝謝！2009年職稱英語等級考試試題及答案解析-理工類(B級)AForcefulBReasonableCFjmlDContinuous11Whycan’tyoustopyoureternalcomplaining?AlongBeverlastingCtemporaryDboring12HundredsofbuildingswerewreckedbytheeadhquakeAdanlagedBshakenCsincereDgenuine14ManyeconomistshavegivenintothefatallureofmathematicsAsimp]icityBattraction15Tenyearsaftertheevent,herdeathstillremainsapuzzleAmistBfogCsecretDmysteryNowadaysscientistscananswermanyquestionsaboutthepastthroughatechniquecalledradiocarbon(放射性碳，or；datingOnekeytounderstandinghowandwhysomethinghappenedistodiscoverwhenithappenedRadiocarbondatingwasdevelopedinthelate1940sbyphysicistWillardF.LibbyattheUniversityofChicagoAnatomofordinarycarbon，calledcarbon-12hassixprotons質(zhì)子)andsixneutrons中子)initsnucleus.orisaradioacliveunstableformofcarbonthathastwoextraneutrons(原子核)itreturnstoamorestablefromofcarbonthroughaprocesscalleddecay(衰減)ThisprocessinvolvesthelossoftheextraneutronsandenergyfromthenucleusInLibby’sradiocarbondatingtheweakradioactive放射)fromthisdecayprocesserecountedbyinstrumentssuchasaradiationdetectorandcounterthedecayrateisusedtodeterminetheproportionofC-14atomsinthesamplebeingdated.Carbon-14isproducedintheEarth’satmospherewhennitrogen(氮)-14,orN-14,interactswithcosmicrays(宇宙射線).ScientistsbelievesincetheEarthwasformedtheamountofnitrogenin19RadarisusedtodeterminethecharacteristicsofradiocarbonARightBWrongcNotmentionedARightBWrongCNotmentioned第3部分：概括大意與完成句子第～30題，每題1分，共8分)Chimpanzees1Chimpanzees(黑猩猩)willsoonbe滅絕).Ifthepresentrateofhuntingandhabitat(棲息地)destructionthenwithin20yearstherewillbenochimpanzeeslivinginthewildButthisismorethananenvironmentalormoraltragedy悲劇)Chimpanzeeextinctionmayalsohaveprofoundimplications(含意)forthesurvivaloftheirdistantrelatives—humanbeings2lnl975thebiologistMade-ClaireKingandAllanWilsondiscoveredthatthehumanandchimpanzee基因組)matchbyover98％Comparethistothemouse．usedasmodelforhumandiseaseinlabtestswhichsharesonly60％ofitsDNAwithusinfactchimpanzeesarefarbecausetheyaresoresistant.26Paragraph4________AGeneticdifferencesbetweenchimpsandhumansBReasonsforHIVresistanceCImplicationsofchimpanzeeextinctionforhumansDEffectiveAIDStreatmentEGeneticsimilaritiesbetweenchimpsandhumansFChimps’resistancetoHIV27Chimpanzeeextinctionmayaffect________28Thereisadifferenceoflessthan2％betweenthechimpand________getting________DhumansurvivalEhumangenomesFkeyareas第4部分：閱讀理解第31～45題，每題3分，共45分)Theearth’ssupplyofwaterprobablyremainsfairlyconstantin．ThetotalquantityofstoredundergroundwaterasthereisactuallyonthesurfaceThereisalsoatiny,butextremelyimportantfractionofthewatersupplywhichispresentaswatervapourintheatmosphereWatervapourintheatmosphereisthechannelthroughwhichthewholewatercirculation(循環(huán))ofthebiospherehastopassWaterevaporated(蒸發(fā))fromthesurfaceoftheoceansfromlakesandriversandfrom潮濕的)earthisaddedtoit.Fromitthewatercomesoutagainasrainorsnow，fallingoneithertheseaortheland.There，asmightbeexpecte,amoreintensiveevaporationperunitareaovertheseaandoceansthanovertheIand，butthereIsmorerainfallovertheIandthanovertheoceansandthebalanceisrestoredbytherunofffromthelandintheformofrivers31LiquidwateronlyexistsCisdecreasingconstantlyDisaffectedbyglobalwarming33MostofthefreshwateronEarthAisintheformoficeatthePolesandonmountainsBisstoredundergroundCisfoundinriversandlakesDcomesfromtherainBaverysmallamount35ThereismoreofrainfallAoverthemountainsthanoverthedyersBovertheriversthanoverthemountainsCoverthelandthanovertheoceansDovertheoceaasthanovertheland第二篇Mind-reading1MachineAteamofresearchersinCaliforniahasdevelopedawaytopredictwhatkindsofobjectspeoplearelookingatbyscanningwhat'shappeningintheirbrains.Whenyoulookatsomething,youreyessendasignalaboutthatobjecttoyourbrain.Differentregionsofthebrainprocesstheinformationyoureyessend.Cellsinyourbraincalledneuronsareresponsibleforthisprocessing.ThefMRI(functionalMagneticResonanceImaging)2brainscanscouldgenerallymatchelectricalactivityinthebraintothebasicshapeofapicturethatsomeonewaslookingat.Likecellsanywhereelseinyourbody,activeneuronsuseoxygen.Bloodbringsoxygentotheneurons,andthemoreactiveaneuronis,themoreoxygenitwillconsume.Themoreactivearegionofthebrain,themoreactiveitsneurons,andinturn,themorebloodwilltraveltothatregion.AndbyusingfMRI,scientistscanvisualize3whichpartsofthebrainreceivemoreoxygen-richblood--andtherefore,whichpartsareworkingtoprocessinformation.AnfMRImachineisadevicethatscansthebrainandmeasureschangesinbloodflowtothebrain.Thetechnologyshowsresearchershowbrainactivitychangeswhenapersonthinks,looksatsomething,orcarriesoutanactivitylikespeakingorreading.Byhighlightingtheareasofthebrainatworkwhenapersonlooksatdifferentimages,fMRImayhelpscientistsdeterminespecificpatternsofbrainactivityassociatedwithdifferentkindsofimages.36Whatisresponsibleforprocessingtheinformationsentbyyoureyes?AThemagneticsysteminthebrainBThecentralpartoftheheartCNeuronsinthebrainD—richblood37ThefunctionofanfMRImachineisAtoshowhowneutronstakeinoxygen—richbloodBtomeasurehowdensethebloodisinthebrainCtoidentifywhichpartsofthebrainareprocessinginformationDtorecordhowmuchoxygenthebrainconsumes38Theexpression“highlightingtheareasofthebrainatwork"inparagraph5meansAmarkingthepartsofthebrainthatereprocessinginformationBgivinglighttothepartsofthebrainthatareprocessinginformationCputtingthepartsofthebraintoworkDpreventingthepartsofthebrainfromworking39TheresearchersexpedmentedonAanimalsandobjectsBfMRImachinesCthousandsofpicturesDtwovolunteers40Whichofthefollowingcanbestreplacethetitleofthepassage?AYourThoughtsCanBeScannedBRecentDevelopmentinScienceand．CATechnologicalDreamDAnIntelligentRobotTocoaxyoungpeoplefromtheirhomes,theInstitutestarteda“YouthEmancipation”programmethismonth.Theprogrammeoffersguidanceinfindingroomsandjobs.Economistsblameyoungpeople’sfamilydependenceontheprecariouslabourmarketandincreasinghousingprices.Housingpriceshaverisen17percentayearsince2000.Culturalreasonsalsocontributetotheproblem,saysociologists.FamilytiesinsouthEurope–Italy,PortugalandGreece–arestrongerthanthoseinmiddleandnorthEurope,saidSpanishsociologistAlmudenaMorenoMinguezinherreport“TheLateEmancipationofSpanishYouthKeyforUnderstanding”.“Ingeneral,youngpeopleinSpainfirmlybelieveinthefamilyasthemainbodyaroundwhichtheirprivatelifeisorganized,”saidMinguez.InSpain–especiallyinthecountryside,itisnotuncommontofindentiregroupsofaunts,uncles,cousins,niecesandnephewsalllivingonthesamestreet.TheyregularlygettogetherforSundaydinner.Parents’toleranceisanotherfactor.Spanishparentsacceptlate-nightpartyingandarewaryofsettingbedtimerules.Aliveinanindependent．Cfightagainstsocialinjustice44WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueofDionisioMasso?AShehasaboyfriend．BSheis60yeamoldCShehasthreechildrenDShelivesinMaddd45Thephrase“waryof”inparagraph8couldbebestreplacedbyAtiredof．BafraidofCworriedaboutDcautiousabout第五題：補(bǔ)全短文ReducePackagingC.thisisbecausetoomuchpaddingcangivebuyersafalseimpressionofwhattheyarebuying.D.Thishasresultedina74percentreductioninsales.E.Tescosaiditwassaving112,000tonsofcardboardayearbyswitchingtoreusableplasticcrates(板條箱)fortransportingitsfreshproduce.F.ThecampaignwasinitiatedbyTheIndependentnewspaper.第六題：完形填空TakingaNapDuringtheDayStudyorganizerssaidthestrongest___(56)wasinworkingmen.Theysaidnapsmightimprove6bymitigatingtension___(57)bywork..52AbeforeBbetweenCbesidesDduring53AbrainBheartCmindDliver54AonBatCwithDfor55AendBriskCorderDpart56AviewBargumentCevidenceDprotest57AreducedBbrokenCsensedDcaused58AwalkingBnappingCworkingDlearning59ArepeatBimproveCleaveDchange60AcorrectsBincreasesCrepeetsDrealizes61AmakeBtakeCdoDbring62AwhenBuntilCalthoughDand63AforgetBhopeCadmireDneed64ApositionBpressureCeffectivenessDdemand65AseeBwarnCdoubtDpromiseconversation---talkproposed---suggestedreliedon---dependedonbreaks---beatsdiligent---hardworking(C)persistent---continuous(D)eternal---everlasting(B)wrecked---damaged(A)authentic---genuine(D)lure–attraction(B)文章標(biāo)題：RadiocarbonDating文章介紹了用碳14測定物品的年代這一技術(shù)。具體內(nèi)容涉及碳14的形成及其性質(zhì)特征，以及為什么可以利用碳14測定年代。文章主題復(fù)雜程度☆☆☆☆，文章語言難度☆☆☆)16.Nowadaysmanyscientistsdependonradiocarbonfordatingage-oldobjects.(A：right,該提問句內(nèi)容是文章第一段第一句內(nèi)容的同義轉(zhuǎn)述：Nowadaysscientistscananswermanyquestionsabouthepastthroughatechniquecalledradiocarbon放射性碳),orcarbon-14,dating.(現(xiàn)在科學(xué)家們能通過一種被稱為放射性碳，即C-14的一種技術(shù)來測定年代，回答許多關(guān)于過去的事情))17.Theradiocarbondatingtechniqueisonlyabout40yearsold.(B:wrong,文章中提到放射性碳測定技術(shù)是在20世紀(jì)40年代的末期被研制出來，因此該提問句內(nèi)容與文章中相關(guān)內(nèi)容不一致，該題考察細(xì)節(jié)信息的查找和確認(rèn))第三部分概括大意與完成句子24.Paragraph2____E____.(Geneticsimilaritiesbetweenchimpsandhumans(黑猩猩與人類在基因上的相似之處))（段落第一句反映該段主題）25.Paragraph3____B？____.(reasonsforHIVresistance該題答案值得商榷，該段首先介紹了因?yàn)楹谛尚膳c人類很相似，指出黑猩猩的確在一些領(lǐng)域與人類不同–黑猩猩對許多重大疾病有更強(qiáng)的抵抗力，而這一抗疾病性是研究者們非常感興趣的。出題者給出的概括大意備選項中沒有適合作為該段主題的選項，因此筆者判斷出題者很可能要考察的第1，2，4和5段的段落大意，而不是，，，4段的段落大意。))26.Paragraph4____F____.(humansurvival(黑猩猩對HIV病毒的抵抗能力))（段落第一句反映該段(somediseases(一些疾病))第四部分閱讀理解31.Liquidwateronlyexists___..32.ThetotalquantityofwateronEarth___.答案為B:remainsalmostunchanged.（幾乎保持不變）（該題考察近義詞的識別：unchanged--constant）33.MostofthefreshwateronEarth