一年級(jí)英語(yǔ)-UPGrammar 市賽獲獎(jiǎng)

ReviseNounClausesUnit1GrammarObjectiveTorevisethenounclausesandusethemproperly.NowIknowthattheproperwayisalwaysherway.(必修1)2.That’swhythey’recalledtheWinterOlympics.(必修2)3.Whatisevenmoreimportantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface.(必修3)4.Thethoughtthattheycouldcrossthewholecontinentwasexciting.(必修3)Lookatthefollowingsentences.5.MayIaskwhatyouweredoinginmyrestauranttheotherday?(必修3)6.Ididn’tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.(必修3)7.Forexample,oneimportantthingshediscoveredwasthatchimpshuntandeatmeat.(必修4)8.Itisapitythattheindustrialcitiesbuiltinthenineteenthcenturydonotattractvisitors.(必修5)ExactlywhenthefirstpeoplearrivedinwhatwenowknowasCalifornia,noonereallyknows.2.However,itislikelythatNativeAmericanswerelivinginCaliforniaatleastfifteenthousandyearsago.3.ScientistsbelievethatthesesettlerscrossedtheBeringStrait…times.Sentencesfromthisunit:4.…,theSpanishhadsettledinmostpartsofSouthAmericaandalongthenorthwestcoastofwhatwenowcalltheUnitedStates.5.Thatiswhytodayover40%ofCaliforniansspeakSpanishasafirstorsecondlanguage.6.Itisbelievedthatbeforelongthemixofnationalitieswillbesogreat…manyracesandcultures.1.Itnowappears______theyareinneedofhelp.

A.thatB.whichC.whatD.how2.Itisgoodnews______theywillarriveinafewdays.A.whichB.whatC.thatD.how3.Thisis______shewasborn.A.whereB.whichC.thatD.what4.Theproblemis______wecan’tgotheretoday.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.when5.Thequestionis______itisworthdoing.A.ifB.whetherC.whichD.what6.Idon’tknow______hestillliveshereaftersomanyyears.A.whetherBwhereC.whatD.when7.Weallknowthetruth_____theearthgoesroundthesun.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.whether8.Weheardthenews______theirteamhadwon.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.where

Whatthedriveroftheyellowcardidmademeextremelyangry.

Whyshedidthisisstillunknown.SubjectClausesObjectClausesIt’shardtoforgetwhatwehavelearned

inhisclasses.Pleasedon’ttellmymotherwhenI’ll

givehermygift.Whattypesofnounclausesarethey?Thefactthathetellsliesallthetime

makesussurprised.Iheardthenews

thatourteamhadwon.That’swhyIcan’tfollowyou.Theproblemisthatit’sveryhardtocatchyourwords.PredictiveClausesAppositiveClauses從句的語(yǔ)用功能

英語(yǔ)復(fù)合句一般有三大類：名詞性(主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ))從句；形容詞性(定語(yǔ))從句；副詞性(狀語(yǔ))從句。在復(fù)合句中起名詞作用的從句叫名詞性從句。正確、快速理解英語(yǔ)的復(fù)雜句子是提高英語(yǔ)閱讀和寫作能力的一個(gè)重要方面。學(xué)會(huì)正確把握句子結(jié)構(gòu)、熟練使用主從復(fù)合句：能更準(zhǔn)確的理解句子所傳遞的信息，提高閱讀理解能力；能寫出更簡(jiǎn)明、流暢的文段，更貼切、優(yōu)美的語(yǔ)句，提高寫作水平。FunctionasaNOUNinasentence.Question:Whatisthefunctionofanouninasentence?名詞在句中可以充當(dāng)什么成分?NounClauses

主語(yǔ)從句SubjectClause

名詞性從句

NounClause

賓語(yǔ)從句ObjectClause

表語(yǔ)從句PredicativeClause

同位語(yǔ)從句AppositiveClause引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞

可分為三類：1.連詞：that,whether,if不充當(dāng)從句的任何成分。2.連接代詞：what,whatever,who,whoever,whom,whose,which不僅起到連接一個(gè)句子的作用，同時(shí)也是從句的一個(gè)組成部分。3.連接副詞：when,where,how,why

在一個(gè)句子中由一個(gè)句子充當(dāng)?shù)闹髡Z(yǔ)，這個(gè)句子叫做主語(yǔ)從句。Howthebookwillselldependsonitsauthor.Thatheisthebeststudentintheclassisobvious.

主語(yǔ)從句SubjectClausewhether與if均為“是否”下列情況下只用whether：1.引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句并在句首

Whetherhewillcomeisnotclear.2.引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句

Thequestioniswhetherhe’llcome.

3.從句作介詞賓語(yǔ)

I’mnotsureaboutwhetherwe’llwin.4.從句后有"ornot"

Whetheryoulikeitornot,

you’llhavetodoit.主謂一致問(wèn)題主語(yǔ)是名詞性從句,動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)。WhatIammostinterestedinisAmericanmovies.我最感興趣的是美國(guó)電影。Whatyousaidyesterdayisright.你昨天說(shuō)的是對(duì)的。用it作形式主語(yǔ)，that引導(dǎo)的從句是句子的真正主語(yǔ)。有以下四種不同的結(jié)構(gòu)：It+be+形容詞+that-從句

Itisnecessarythat…有必要……

Itisimportantthat…重要的是……

Itisobviousthat…很明顯……主語(yǔ)從句常用it作形式主語(yǔ)放句首b.It+be+-ed分詞+that-從句

Itisbelievedthat…人們相信……

Itisknowntoallthat…

眾所周知……

Ithasbeendecidedthat…已決定……c.It+be+名詞+that-從句

Itiscommonknowledgethat…

……是常識(shí)

Itisasurprisethat…

令人驚奇的是……

Itisafactthat…

事實(shí)是……d.It+不及物動(dòng)詞+that-分句

Itappearsthat…

似乎……

Ithappensthat…

碰巧……

Itoccurredtomethat…

我突然想起……在一個(gè)句子中由一個(gè)句子充當(dāng)?shù)谋碚Z(yǔ)，這個(gè)句子叫做表語(yǔ)從句。Thefactisthathehasnotbeenseenrecently.

Mysuggestionisthatweshouldturnthelandintoricefields.

表語(yǔ)從句PredicativeClause2.在that引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句中，that不能用which來(lái)替換。1.表語(yǔ)從句可以用that,why,where,when,how,whether,what,who,which等詞引導(dǎo)。表語(yǔ)從句需要注意的問(wèn)題3.如果引出表語(yǔ)從句的名詞是一些表示“建議”或者是“命令”之類的詞如advice,suggestion,proposal,order,plan,idea等,那么從句中的動(dòng)詞通常用(should)+動(dòng)詞原形。1)Mysuggestionisthatweall___________(take)anactivepartinthecomingsportsmeet.2)Hisproposalwasthatthework_________________(finish)infivehours.(should)befinished(should)take在一個(gè)句子中由一個(gè)句子充當(dāng)?shù)馁e語(yǔ)，這個(gè)句子叫做賓語(yǔ)從句。Iworryaboutwhetherhecangetovertheillness.JohnsaidthathewasleavingforLondononWednesday.

賓語(yǔ)從句ObjectClause賓語(yǔ)從句就是在復(fù)合句中作賓語(yǔ)的名詞性從句，通常放在主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞（及物動(dòng)詞）或介詞之后。1.作動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)

Shedidnotknowwhathadhappened.

動(dòng)詞+間接賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)從句

Shetoldmethatshewouldacceptmyinvitation.2.作介詞的賓語(yǔ)that引導(dǎo)的從句常跟在下列形容詞后作賓語(yǔ)：anxious,certain,convinced,determined,glad,proud,surprised,worried,sorry,ashamed,disappointed,annoyed,pleased,satisfied,content等。3.作形容詞的賓語(yǔ)Oursuccessdependsuponhowwellwecancooperatewithoneanother.Iamafraid(that)I’vemadeamistake.it不僅可以作為形式主語(yǔ)，還可以作為

形式賓語(yǔ)，而真正的賓語(yǔ)則放在句尾，特別是在帶復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的句子中。4.it可以作為形式賓語(yǔ)下列動(dòng)詞后常引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句make,think,consider,feel,find等。Shehasmadeitclearthatshewillgetmarriednextmonth.這類動(dòng)詞有allow,refuse,let,like,cause,force,dislike,love,help,take,forgive等。這類詞后可以用不定式或動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，但不可以用that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。

Iadmiretheirwinningthematch.

Iadmirethattheywonthematch.

5.后邊不能直接跟that從句的動(dòng)詞(right)

(wrong)常見的有envy,order,accuse,refuse,impress,forgive,blame,advise等。

Heimpressedthemanagerasanhonestman.

Heimpressedthemanagerthathewasanhonestman.(right)

(wrong)6.有些動(dòng)詞不可用于“動(dòng)詞+間接賓語(yǔ)+that從句”結(jié)構(gòu)中。通常來(lái)說(shuō)明前面的名詞的具體內(nèi)容,這樣的句子叫做同位語(yǔ)從句。同位語(yǔ)從句一般在下列詞的后面:

fact,news,idea,hope,wish,promise,truth,reason,suggestion,thought,question,doubt,conclusion,belief,order,words,possibility等。

同位語(yǔ)從句AppositiveClause1.同位語(yǔ)從句與前面的名詞是同位關(guān)系，即說(shuō)明它前面名詞的內(nèi)容；而定語(yǔ)從句與前面的名詞是修飾與被修飾關(guān)系，即限定它前面的名詞范圍，或補(bǔ)充一些情況。The

news

that

I

have

passed

the

exam

is

true.The

news

that

he

told

me

just

now

is

true.

（同位語(yǔ)從句，即從句所表達(dá)的意思就是前面名詞的內(nèi)容。）

（定語(yǔ)從句，從句對(duì)前面名詞起修飾限制作用，即“他剛告訴我的”那個(gè)消息，而不是別的消息。）2.引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句的that是連詞，在從句中不充當(dāng)任何成份，而引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的that是關(guān)系代詞，除起連接作用外，還在從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)等。

The

idea

that

computers

can

recognize

human

voices

surprises

many

people.The

idea

that

he

gave

surprises

many

people.（that在從句中不充當(dāng)任何成份。）（that在從句中作gave的賓語(yǔ)。）“that”引導(dǎo)

同位語(yǔ)從句與定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別引導(dǎo)從句that從句中的作用可否省略同位語(yǔ)從句連接詞不擔(dān)任成分不省略定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系代詞主、賓、表作賓、表時(shí)可省略Review在句子中起名詞作用的句子叫名詞性從句。名詞性從句的功能相當(dāng)于名詞詞組,它在復(fù)合句中能擔(dān)任主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)等，因此根據(jù)它在句中不同的語(yǔ)法功能，名詞性從句又可分別稱為主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句。1.Whynottryyourluckdowntown,Bob?That’s______thebestjobsare.(2007浙江)A.whereB.whatC.whenD.whyI.Choosethebestanswer.2.ManyyoungpeopleintheWestareexpectedtoleave______couldbelife’smostimportantdecision—marriage—almostentirelyuptoluck.(2009江蘇)A.asB.thatC.whichD.what3.There

is

clear

evidence

_____

the

mostdifficult

feeling

of

all

to

interpret

isbodily

pain.(2011上海)A.

whatB.

ifC.

howD.

that4.I’m

afraid

he’s

more

of

a

talkerthan

adoer,

which

is______

he

never

finishesanything.(2011山東)

A.

that

B.

when

C.

where

D.

why5.His

writing

is

so

confusing

thatit’sdifficult

to

make

out

_____it

is

he

is

trying

to

express.

(2011安徽)

A.

that

B.

how

C.

who

D.

what6.Jerrydidnotregretgivingthecommentbutfelt______hecouldhaveexpresseditdifferently.(2012北京)A.why B.how C.that D.whether

7.Thelimitsofaperson’sintelligence,generallyspeaking,arefixedatbirth,but

______hereachestheselimitswilldependonhisenvironment.(2012安徽)A.where B.whether C.that D.why8.Thenoticecamearoundtwointheafternoon______themeetingwouldbepostponed.(2012江蘇)A.when B.that C.whether D.how9.Itsuddenlyoccurredtohim______hehadlefthiskeysintheoffice.(2012江西)A.whether B.where C.which D.that10.Asmanyasfivecoursesareprovided,andyouarefreetochoose______suitsyoubest.(2012陜西)Awhatever B.whicheverC.whenever D.whereverII.Tellthefunctionofthefollowingsentences.

a.subject主語(yǔ)b.object賓語(yǔ)c.predicative表語(yǔ)d.appositive同位語(yǔ)1.