2023屆一模英語試卷

絕密★啟用前2023年普通高等學校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試英語試題卷(銀川一中第一次模擬考試)注意事項：1．答卷前，考生務必將自己的姓名、準考證號填寫在答題卡上。2．作答時，務必將答案寫在答題卡上。寫在本試卷及草稿紙上無效。3．考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分：聽力理解(共兩節(jié)。滿分30分)做題時，先將答案標在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)(共5小題：每小題分，滿分分)聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標在試卷的相應位置。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.＄19.15. B.＄9.18 C.＄9.15答案是C.1.WhatdoesthemansayaboutJack?A.He’shumorous. B.He’sresponsible. C.He’sserious.2.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Cousins. B.Classmates. C.Uncleandniece.3.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Whattohaveforlunch.B.Wheretobuysomevegetables.C.Whowillcookameal.4.Whereareprobablythespeakers?A.Inthecarshop. B.Inthetoyshop. C.Intheclothingshop.5.Whatdoesthemanusuallydoinhissparetime?A.Playchesswithhisgrandfather.B.Playvideogames.C.Dosomeexercise.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題分,滿分分)聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Whydoesthemanapologize?A.Fornotgoingtotheamusementpark.B.Fornotexplainingthereasonintime.C.Fornotattendingtheparent-teachermeeting.7.Whatsubjectisthewomanprobablybadat?A.Physics. B.English. C.Math.聽第7段材料，回答第8至10題。8.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Atthewoman’shome. B.Atawedding. C.Onthephone.9.WhenwillRosearriveatTom’shouse?A.OnJune30th. B.OnJuly1st. C.OnJuly2nd.10.WhatisTomlikelytodonext?A.Answerthedoor. B.Callhisfriend. C.Sendoutaninvitation.聽第8段材料，回答第11至13題。11.WhatisMax’spurposeofgoingtoEurope?A.Towork. B.Totravel. C.Tostudy.12.WhichcountryisMaxin?A.Belgium. B.France. C.Switzerland.13.WhatwillRitadonext?A.Sharehervideos. B.Takesomepictures. C.Tellthemananaccount.聽第9段材料，回答第14至16題。14.WhatdoesLouishelpthewomancarry?A.Theboxandtheumbrella. B.Thechairandthecamera. C.Thecameraandthebox.15.HowmanytimesdidLouisgotothegymthisweek?A.Seventimes. B.Sixtimes. C.Twice.16.WhatdidLouisprobablydotoday?A.Hehadhishaircut.B.Hecleanedhishouse.C.Hetalkedwiththeelderly.聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17.WherewasRandyBachman’sguitarstolen?A.InJapan. B.InAmerica. C.InCanada.18.HowdidRandyBachmanmakemoneytobuytheguitar?A.Bylookingafterchildren. B.Bysellingcars. C.Bysingingsongs.19.WhatdidWilliamLongthinkoffindingRandyBachman’sguitar?A.Itwasmeaningless. B.Itwashopeful. C.Itwasimpossible.20.HowmuchdidTakeshipayforRandyBachman’sguitar?A.$400. B.$6,300. C.$85,000.第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，滿分40分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。ATherewillbefourconcertsthatareworthexpectingthisyear.TicketsforeachconcertarejustUS$59.95perpersonwhenyouorderallfourevents.Hereisthecompleteshowinformationforeachconcert.DeanZ—TheUltimateElvisMarch12—15,2023DeanZistheultimateElvis!WhenDeanwasthree,“ThisIsElvis”wasbeingbroadcastontelevision.HeimmediatelyjumpedonthecoffeetableandstartedimitatingPresley’severymove.Hisnewestshow,DeanZ,TheUltimateElvisisthehighpointofalife-longcareerpayingtributetothemanwhowillalwaysbeknownastheKingofRockandRoll,ElvisPresley!December’63March19—22,2023ThemusicofFRANKIEVALLIANDTHEFOURSEASONScomestolifeinthisuniqueconcertexperience.December’63showsfavoritesongsfromFrankieVallithathavebeenexcitingaudiencesfordecades.Thisre-creationofaFrankieValliandTheFourSeasonsconcertwillhaveyoureachingforthehighnotesasourperformerstakeyouonamusicaljourneywithstopsateveryphaseoftheircareers!PianoMen:GenerationsMarch26—29,2023Don’tmissthereturnoflastseason’smostpopularconcert!TheamazingfatherandsonteamofTerryandNickDaviescelebratethemusicalinfluencesofBillyJoelandEltonJohn.NotonlyhaveBillyandEltonwrittenandperformedmusicthathasbeenspreadforfourdecades,butalsoseatedthemselvesbehindthepiano!JoinTerryandNickandtheirincrediblebandonthisjourneythroughtheirlong,successfulcareers.Rockin’OutWithSteveWattsApril9—19,2023FiresidefavoriteSteveWattsandmembersofthepopularFiresideBandbringyouafast-paced,heartpoundingconcertofRockandRollclassicstotheFiresidestagefortwoweekends.Steveandthebandwillplaysomeofhisparticularfavoritesfromthe60’sthroughtodayincludingsuchartistsasBruceSpringsteen;DavidBowie,TheBeatlesandmanymore!21.Howmuchwillyoupayintotalifyouorderfourconcerts?A.US$59.95. B.US$239.8. C.US$279.26. D.US$279.62.22.Inwhichconcertcanyouenjoysongsofthe1960s?A.Rockin’OutWithSteveWatts. B.PianoMen:Generations. C.December’63. D.DeanZ—TheUltimateElvis.23.Whatisthecommonfeatureofthefourconcerts?A.Alltheperformerswillsingaseriesofrocksongs.B.TheyallwillbeheldinMarch.C.Allthesongsareoldsongsworthremembering.D.TheyallwillbebroadcastonTV.BFashiondesignersarealwayslookingfornewmaterialstoworkwith.Lately,it'sallaboutenvironment-friendlymaterials-recycledtyres,mushrooms,evenpineapplefibers!Whatifyouwantsuchapairofshoes?Thaelyisheretohelp. ThissneakerbrandoutofDubaiwantstofightthegrowingproblemofplasticpollution.Ledby23-year-oldIndianbusinessmanAshayBhave,theymayhavefoundawinningapproach;makingshoesoutofplasticgrocerybags.“Thaely”means“plasticbag”intheHindilanguage.“Iwaslookingtocreatefootwearthatiscost-effectiveandsafefortheenvironment,”Bhavesaidinaninterviewwithanewspaper.“Ineededtocomeupwithsomethingthatusesrecycledplasticwithoutcreatinganymoreplasticwaste.”Plasticbagsweretheperfectsolution.Hesaidfivetrillionplasticbagsareusedaroundtheworldeachyear.“Iwasmotivatedtofindasolutiontothisproblem,”Bhavesaid. ThatsolutionwasthefibercalledThaelyTex.Madeentirelyfromplasticbags,themateriallooksandfeelslikeleather.Thatsoundspromising.Betteryet,theproductionprocessrequiresnoadditionalchemicalsandproducesnopoisonousby-products.Theresultisasmart-lookingpairofwhitelow-topsneakers. Bhavewouldn'texposethefullprocessformakingThaelyTex,buthesaidthateachpairofshoeswasmadefromupto15plasticbagsand22plasticbottles.Wheredotheygetthematerials?BhavetoldEllethatwasthehardestpart.“Thebiggestchallengewefacedwasrightatthefirststepofacquiringtheplasticbags.” Finally,theygothelpfromTrioTapTechnologies,awastemanagementplant.BhavesaidtheyofferedtocollectthebagsandalsoprocessthemintoThaelyTex.Sofar,itseemslikethingsarefallingintoplace.Therearealreadyhundredsofpre-ordersinplace.Itsoundsliketheyhavesomeplansforthefuture.“Wehaveafewmorecolorscomingup,”saidBhave.Theyalsoplantoputoutahigh-topmodelandbringinalineofclothing.Let'shopetheirgrowthisalsofriendlytotheenvironment.24.WhydidBhavechoosetomakeshoesoutofplasticbags?A.Tosetanewfootweartrend.B.Totestnewmaterialsforfootwear.C.Touserecycledplasticinanenvironment-friendlyway. D.Toreducetheuseofplasticbagsinhishomecountry.25.WhatwasthemostdifficulttaskforBhave?A.HavingafewmorecolorsforThaely. B.ProcessingplasticbagsintoThaelyTex.C.Dealingwithmanypoisonousby-productsD.Collectingenoughproductionmaterials26.Theunderlinedpart“putout”inthelastparagraphprobablymeans.A.conserve B.produce C.provide D.broadcast27.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthispassage?A.Thaely:killerofwasteplasticbagsB.Bhave:apromisingyoungmanC.ThaelyTex:materialoutofplasticbagsD.TrioTapTechnologies:awastemanagementplantCTheadvicetodrinkeightglassesofwaterperdaytostayhealthycouldbemisleading,anewstudyhasfound.Theresearchlookedatdatafrom5,600peopleacross26countrieswithagesrangingfromsevendaysoldto96yearsold.Itfoundthatpeoplemayneedlessthanthisamountperday,butrequirementscanvaryonanindividualbasis.“Thesciencehasneversupportedtheoldeightglassesthingasanappropriateguideline,mainlybecauseitconfusedtotalwaterturnover*withwaterfromdrinks.Andalotofyourwatercomesfromthefoodyoueat,”saysleadauthorofthestudy,ProfessorDaleSchoeller.“Thisstudyisthebestwe’vedonesofartomeasurehowmuchwaterpeopleactuallyconsumeonadailybasis,andthemajorfactorsthatdrivewaterturnover.”Resultsshowdailywaterneedspeakamongmenaged20-29,buttheyremainthesameforwomenfromtheageof20to55.Theteamalsofoundthatmen’sandwomen’swaterrequirementsdifferbyabouttwoglasses,orhalfaliter.Theaverage20-year-oldmanofnormalweightlivinginatemperateclimatewouldtakeinandloseabout3.2literseveryday.Forwomen,thatnumberiscloserto2.7.Accordingtothestudy,physicalactivitylevelexplainedthelargestproportionofthedifferencesinwaterturnover,followedbysex,theHumanDevelopmentIndex(人類發(fā)展指數(shù)),andage.Theresearchersfoundhunter-gatherersandfarmersindevelopingnationshadhigherwaterturnoverthanthoseinindustrializedeconomies.Inotherwords,theloweryourhomecountry’sHumanDevelopmentIndex,themorewateryougothroughinaday.“That’srepresentingthecombinationofseveralfactors,”Schoellercontinues.“ThosepeopleinlowHDIcountriesaremorelikelytoliveinareaswithhigheraveragetemperatures,andmorelikelytobeperformingphysicallabor.That,plusbeinglesslikelytohaveaccesstoasipofcleanwaterwhenevertheyneedit,makestheirwaterturnoverhigher.”Theresultsofthestudywillhaveaninfluenceonglobalwarming.Theresearchershopethatthestudywillbeabletohelptopredictmorespecificandaccuratefuturewaterneeds.*waterturnover:水周轉(zhuǎn)量，即水的總交換量，包括了我們攝入的水分和流失的水分。28.Whatcanbelearnedfromthenewstudy?A.Womenneedlesswaterperdaywhenturningtwenty.B.Menconsumethemostwaterperdayintheir20s.C.Menconsumetwolitersofwaterperdaymorethanwomen.D.Thedailywaterturnoverofamandoublesthatofawoman.29.What’sProfessorDaleSchoeller’sattitudetowardstheeightglassestheory?A.Approved. B.Objective. C.Negative. D.Unclear.30.Whicharethefactorsmentionedinthetextthatcausethedifferenceinwaterturnoveramongpeople?a.Genderdifference.b.Waterdrinkinghabits.c.Theamountofphysicalworkapersonperforms.d.Thelevelofdevelopmentofthecountryapersonlivesin.A.acd B.bcd C.abd D.abc31.WhatdoesSchoellerexplaininthesixthparagraph?A.ThewatershortageproblemfacedbylowHDIcountries.B.ThepoorlivingconditionofpeopleinlowHDIcountries.C.WhypeoplelivinginlowHDIcountrieshavehigherwaterturnover.D.WhypeoplelivinginlowHDIcountriescannotgetcleanwater.DUsingthepowerofartificialintelligence(AI),scientistshaverevealednewinsightsintothecreationanddestructionofmassextinction.Contrarytoconventionalknowledge,theirstudysuggeststhatlargerextinctionsarenotalwaysaformof“creativedestruction”thatallowsneworganismstoradiate(向周圍輻射出去）andevolve.Instead,itsuggeststhatmassextinctionisrarelyassociatedwithnewspeciesofradiation.Dr.HoyalCuthill,theleadstudyauthorfromtheUniversityofEssexintheUKandtheTokyoInstituteofTechnology,saidinastatement,“Someofthemostchallengingthingstounderstandthehistoryoflifearethevasttimelinesinvolvedandthenumberofspecies.Newmachinelearningapplicationscanhelpusunderstandtheinformationinhuman-readableform.Thismeansthatwecan,sotospeak,holdtheevolutionofhalfabillionyearsinthepalmofourhandandgainnewinsightsfromwhatwesee.”Theyconcludedthatmassextinctionandlaterradiationwerenotconnectedaspreviouslythought.Within5percentofthemostsignificantperiodsofdisruption(中斷)，AIdetected“bigfivemassextinctions,sevenmoremassextinctions,twomassextinction-radiationeventsand15massradiations.Mostimportantly,itdiscoversthatmassiveradiationandextinctionrarelyoccurredwitheachother,changingtheviewthatgreaterextinctionleadstoakindofdeepcycle-likespeciesradiationofnature.Itappearsthatlargerextinctionsarecertainlynottheengineofevolutionaryradiation.TaketheCambrianExplosionforexampleanditwasabout41millionyearsagowhenalargegroupofanimalsfirstappearedonthefirstfossilrecordandthedawnofahighmobileanimalequippedwithmodernphysicalfeatures.Thisnewstudyfoundthatahandfulofothernotableexplosionsofbiodiversity,includingtheCambrianExplosion,usuallyoccurredatatimewhentheywerelargelyisolated(孤立的)fromextinction.Dr.NicholasGuttenberg,astudyco-authorfromtheTokyoInstituteofTechnologyexplained,“Ecosystemsaredynamicandyoudon'tneedanythingtoexisttoallowsomethingnewtoappear.”32.What'sthefunctionofthefirstparagraph?A.Toanalyzethecauseofcreativedestruction.B.Totellustheresultofthenewstudy.C.ToexplainthepowerofartificialintelligenceD.Topresenttheconventionalideaofmassextinction.33.WhatdoDr.HoyalCuthill'swordsimply?A.NewAImachineslearnapplicationsbetter.B.It'sdifficulttounderstandthehistoryoflife.C.Newspeciesappearbeforemassextinction.D.AIcontributesalottothestudyofevolution.34.WhyistheCambrianExplosionmentionedinthetext?A.Toprovideknowledgeofhistory.B.TohighlighttheimportanceofAI.C.Tosupportthenewstudy.D.Toprovethepreviousviewisright.35.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Anewunderstandingofmassextinction.B.Theprocessesofbiologicalevolution.C.AnimalspecieswithmodernphysicalfeaturesD.Therelationshipbetweenmassextinctionandradiation第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。You'llprobablybefamiliarwiththeNorthAmericanspellingoftheword“airplane”.However,ifyou'veeverbeenonaninternationalflightleavingtheUnitedStatesandgoingtoanotherEnglish-speakingcountryliketheUnitedKingdom,you'veprobablynoticedthatthereareafewdifferencesbetweentheAmericanandBritishspellingsofwordswiththesamemeaning.36.TheAmericanEnglishspellingis“airplane”whiletheBritishEnglishspellingis“aeroplane”.So,whydoesthishappen?Let'slookattherootofthephenomenon.37.“BritishEnglishhasageneraltendencytofavourspellingsandwordsthatremindpeopleofFrench,butAmericanEnglish,whenithasdeviated(背離)fromwhatBritishEnglishdoes,oftenchangesintothedirectionofseeminglessFrench,”saysLynneMurphy,authorofTheProdigalTongue:TheLove-HateRelationshipBetweenBritish&AmericanEnglish.38.“Aeroplane”isnoexception.“We'recomfortablewith‘a(chǎn)ero’inscientificterms,butasplanesbecamemorecommonthingstotalkabout,the‘a(chǎn)ero’seemedtoofancy,”explainsMurphy.“InScientificAmericanin1906,therewasalreadyaclaimthat‘39’.Tenyearslater,‘a(chǎn)irplane’wasadoptedbytheNationalAdvisoryCommitteeforAeronauticsastheirterm.ItwasconsideredintheUnitedKingdom,butthatsuggestiondidn'tgoanywhere.”There'sagoodreasonwhywordsthatmeanthesamethingarespelleddifferently,andwhythatwillcontinuetohappen.“40andpeoplearegenerallyproudofit,sotheycontinuetospelldifferently,”saysMurphy.A.EverycountryhasdifferentcultureB.AirplaneisamuchbetterwordthanaeroplaneC.Yourspellingtellspeoplewhereyou'refromD.Theword“airplane”happenstobeanexampleE.AmericanEnglishandBritishEnglishhavesimilarhistoricaloriginsF.AlotofwordsintheEnglishlanguageareborrowedfromotherlanguages,likeLatin,Greek,andFrenchG.There'salotofhistorythatgoesbeyondwordsanddivesdeepintopolitics,governmentandscience第三部分語言知識運用（共兩節(jié)，滿分45分）第一節(jié)(共20小題;每小題分,滿分30分)閱讀下面短文,從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中,選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。Nowatsomelevel,allmomsanddadsknowtheyshouldn'tyellatkids.Butifyoudon't41ortalkangrily,howdoyoudiscipline(管教)?Forthousandsofyears,theInuithave42anancienttool:storytelling.Designedtoimprovekids’behaviorsandsometimes43savetheirlives,oralstoriesarepasseddownfromone44tothenext.Forexample,howdoyouteachkidsto45theocean?Insteadof46,“Don'tgonearthewater!”Inuitparentstakeaunique47andtellkidsaspecialstoryaboutwhat'sinsidethewater.48,thosestoriesseemedtometooscaryforlittlechildren.Andmyinitialreactionwasto49them.ButmyopinionchangedafterIwatchedmyowndaughter'sresponseto50tales---andafterIlearnedmoreabouthumanity'scomplexrelationshipwithstorytelling.Oralstorytellingiswhat'sknownasahuman51.Fortensofthousandsofyears,ithasbeenakeywaythatparentsteachchildrenaboutvaluesandhowto52.Modernhunter-gatherergroupsuse53toteachsharing,respectforothersandconflictavoidance.WiththeAgta,ahunter-gathererpopulationofthePhilippines,goodstorytellingskillsare54morethanhuntingskillsormedicinalknowledge.Todaymanyparentsoutsourcetheiroralstorytellingtoscreens,whichalso55.Welearnbestthroughthingsthatare56tous.Andstories,bytheir57,canhavelotsofthingsinthemthataremuchmoreinterestinginawaythatbare58don't.Storieswithadashofdanger59kidslikemagnets(磁石).Andtheyturnatension-riddenactivitylikediscipliningintoa60interaction.So,don'tdiscounttheplayfulnessofstorytelling41.A.answer B.scold C.defend D.stare42.A.reliedon B.runinto C.dealtwith D.appliedfor43.A.still B.only C.even D.never44.A.point B.season C.destination D.generation45.A.stayawayfrom B.lookforwardto C.faceupto D.putupwith46.A.yelling B.begging C.recommending D.questioning47.A.contribution B.approach C.opportunity D.introduction48.A.Atleast B.Inaddition C.Atfirst D.Forexample49.A.subscribe B.dismiss C.substitute D.prove50.A.familiar B.personal C.humorous D.similar51.A.form B.right C.characteristic D.emotion52.A.behave B.calculate C.change D.differ53.A.toys B.experiments C.videos D.stories54.A.affected B.prized C.distributed D.blamed55.A.declines B.exists C.works D.concludes56.A.important B.available C.apparent D.interesting57.A.nature B.size C.purpose D.aspect58.A.prediction B.imagination C.statements D.performances59.A.consistof B.turndown C.payoff D.pullin60.A.careful B.playful C.doubtful D.painful第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。ThefullmoonlightsuptheskyontheeveningoftheLanternFestival.Thefestival,whichfalls61the15thdayofthefirstmonthintheChineselunarcalendar,markstheendofmorethantwoweeksofChineseNewYear62(celebrate)eachyear.Solving“l(fā)anternriddles”isamongthemanypopulartraditionalactivitiesforthefestival,whichincludeeatingtangyuan,enjoyingthefullmoon,and63(lose)incolorfullightedlanterns.Theseguessinggames64(refer)toaslanternriddlesbecausetheyinvolveriddleswrittenonlanternsoronslipsofpaper65(attach)tolanterns.Theyoftencontainmessagesofgreat66(w