2019年中考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解復(fù)習(xí)訓(xùn)練題

2019年中考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解復(fù)習(xí)訓(xùn)練題

（名師精剖析解題技巧與方法+實(shí)戰(zhàn)練習(xí)，值得下載練習(xí)）

一、解題技巧

一、初中英語(yǔ)教學(xué)大綱對(duì)學(xué)生閱讀上的基本要求：

1.能閱讀難度相當(dāng)于課文的材料，理解其大意。

2.能獨(dú)立閱讀所學(xué)語(yǔ)言知識(shí)范圍內(nèi)的材料，生詞率不超過(guò)3%o

3.閱讀速度要求每分鐘50-70詞。

（二）中考閱讀理解的考點(diǎn)

1.文章的話題一略讀文章，領(lǐng)會(huì)文章大意的題

2.文章的中心題一歸納，概括的能力

3.文章的細(xì)節(jié)一掃讀或細(xì)讀文章，以獲得某些特地信息或準(zhǔn)確的尋找

所需細(xì)節(jié)的能力。

4.文章的寓意，結(jié)論-領(lǐng)會(huì)作者的言外之意或推斷出文章的結(jié)論

5.生詞詞意，猜詞一對(duì)生詞詞意的判斷能力

（三）中考閱讀理解考察的文體

1.記敘文一抓住人物，地點(diǎn)，時(shí)間，情節(jié)發(fā)展線索。

2.說(shuō)明文一要以事物為中心進(jìn)行思考。抓住事物的特征，用途，相互

關(guān)系等。

（四）解題思路與技巧

第一步，快速閱讀短文；通讀測(cè)試題，明確考直點(diǎn)。

先讀題，明確題目要求，弄清考點(diǎn)，然后帶著問(wèn)題去讀文章，這

種方法在英語(yǔ)中稱(chēng)為scanning,就是尋讀?？焖匍喿x一遍弄清段落大

意，對(duì)全文有一個(gè)整體了解，閱讀時(shí)從宏觀入手，掌握中心意思，注

意哪些用以說(shuō)明中心意思的主要事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié)，抓住關(guān)鍵詞，弄清作者

寫(xiě)此篇文章的目的及意圖。如遇到生詞，應(yīng)先跳過(guò)，繼續(xù)通讀全文,

切忌長(zhǎng)時(shí)間死扣生詞，因?yàn)橛行┥~并不影響對(duì)全文的理解，還有一

些詞可以通過(guò)上下文推測(cè)含義。

第二步，認(rèn)真逐題作答。

看完短文后，對(duì)整篇短文的內(nèi)容有了大致的了解，然后馬上看后

面的問(wèn)題，帶著問(wèn)題去找答案。如果屬于客觀信息題，就可直接在短

文中找到出處。如果是主觀判斷題，則應(yīng)迅速再讀全文，仔細(xì)分析思

考，將近似的答案對(duì)照原文反復(fù)比較，推敲，選出最佳答案。

第三步，仔細(xì)校對(duì)所選答案。

做完所有題目后，再讀一遍短文，逐一檢查所有答案是否有誤。

如果有拿不定主意的答案，不要隨意更改。一定要從原文中找到依據(jù),

方可更正。

二.閱讀理解題型及解題技巧

做閱讀理解練習(xí)應(yīng)先看問(wèn)題，弄清考點(diǎn)。在閱讀短文之前，快速瀏

覽問(wèn)題，以便在閱讀短文時(shí)做到心中有數(shù)，快速、準(zhǔn)確地捕捉所要信

息。先易后難。做題時(shí)不必拘泥于書(shū)中所呈現(xiàn)的語(yǔ)篇順序，應(yīng)遵循先

易后難的原則。如可先做細(xì)節(jié)題再做推斷題，因?yàn)榧?xì)節(jié)題大多能直接

從文中找到答案，而推斷題則需對(duì)短文進(jìn)行深層理解，再作判斷。

（-）主旨題

主旨題主要考查學(xué)生對(duì)短文中心思想或作者意圖的掌握。做此類(lèi)題

時(shí)，應(yīng)通讀全文，理解文章大意，充分理解主題句的意義。短文往往

圍繞主題句展開(kāi)，主題句通常出現(xiàn)在短文第一句或最后一句。

（二）細(xì)節(jié)題

細(xì)節(jié)題是用來(lái)進(jìn)一步表達(dá)主題，體現(xiàn)中心思想的，往往針對(duì)短文某個(gè)

細(xì)節(jié)來(lái)設(shè)題。做此類(lèi)題時(shí)，應(yīng)快速捕捉信息，可能是一些事例、數(shù)字

等，閱讀時(shí)要有針對(duì)性。

（三）推斷題

推斷題就是根據(jù)某個(gè)事實(shí)推斷結(jié)論，主要考查學(xué)生的理解力和推斷

力。這類(lèi)推斷通常包括：數(shù)據(jù)事實(shí)推斷、常識(shí)推斷以及作者的寫(xiě)作目

的、態(tài)度和傾向等的推斷。做此類(lèi)題時(shí)，應(yīng)根據(jù)短文中的相關(guān)語(yǔ)句，

對(duì)與事實(shí)有關(guān)的細(xì)節(jié)加以分析，找出線索，悟出字里行間的意思，反

復(fù)比較，從而作出合乎邏輯的判斷。

（四）猜測(cè)詞義題

猜測(cè)詞義題主要考查學(xué)生根據(jù)上下文正確判斷靈活變化的詞義能力。

一般情況下，推斷詞義的題目中所出現(xiàn)的單詞，大多數(shù)是學(xué)生未曾見(jiàn)

過(guò)的生詞，學(xué)生需要在該詞出現(xiàn)的上下文中去尋找線索。通過(guò)閱讀上

下文，斷定該詞的真正含義，然后將這個(gè)釋義代入文中，檢查是否貼

切，仔細(xì)比較直到得出該詞的確切的含義。

1.通過(guò)因果關(guān)系猜詞

通過(guò)因果關(guān)系猜詞，首先是找出生詞與上下文之間的邏輯關(guān)系，

然后才能猜詞。有時(shí)文章借助關(guān)聯(lián)詞（如because,as,since,for,so,

thus,asaresult,ofcourse,therefore等等）表示前因后果。例如：

Youshouldn'thaveblamedhimforthat,foritwasn'thisfault.通過(guò)

for引出的句子所表示的原因（那不是他的錯(cuò)），可猜出blame的詞義是

“責(zé)備

2.通過(guò)同義詞和反義詞的關(guān)系猜詞

通過(guò)同義詞猜詞，一是要看由and或or連接的同義詞詞組，如

happyandgay,即使我們不認(rèn)識(shí)gay這個(gè)詞，也可以知道它是愉快的

意思；二是看在進(jìn)一步解釋的過(guò)程中使用的同義詞如Manhasknown

somethingabouttheplanetsVenus,Mars,andJupiterwiththehelpof

spaceships.此句中的Venus（金星）、Mars（火星）、Jupiter（木星）均為生詞,

但只要知道planets就可猜出這幾個(gè)詞都屬于“行星”這一義域。通過(guò)反

義詞猜詞，一是看表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的連詞或副詞，如but,while,however

等；二是看與not搭配的或表示否定意義的詞語(yǔ)，如：Heissohomely,

notatallashandsomeashisbrother.根據(jù)notatall...handsome我們不難

推測(cè)出homely的意思，即不英俊、不漂亮的意思。

3.通過(guò)構(gòu)詞法猜詞

在閱讀文章時(shí)，我們總會(huì)遇上一些新詞匯，有時(shí)很難根據(jù)上下文

來(lái)推斷其詞意，而它們對(duì)文章的理解又有著舉足輕重的作用，此時(shí),

如掌握了一些常用的詞根、前綴、后綴等語(yǔ)法知識(shí)，這些問(wèn)題便不難

解決了。

4.通過(guò)定義或釋義關(guān)系來(lái)推測(cè)詞義

例如：Butsometimes,norainfallsforalongJongtime.Thenthere

isadryperiod,ordrought.

從drought所在句子的上文我們得知很久不下雨，于是便有一段

干旱的時(shí)期，即drought,由此可見(jiàn)drought意思為"久旱"，"旱災(zāi)"。

而adryperiod和drought是同義語(yǔ)。這種同義或釋義關(guān)系常由is,or,

thatis,inotherwords,becalled或破折號(hào)等來(lái)表K。

5.通過(guò)句法功能來(lái)推測(cè)詞義

例如：Bananas,oranges,pineapples,coconutsandsomeotherkind

offruitgrowinwarmareas.假如pineapples和coconuts是生詞，我們可

以從這兩個(gè)詞在句中所處的位置來(lái)判斷它們大致的意思。從句中不難

看出pineapples,coconuts和bananas,oranges是同類(lèi)關(guān)系，同屬fruit

類(lèi)，因此它們是兩樣水果，準(zhǔn)確地說(shuō)，是菠蘿和椰子。

6.通過(guò)描述猜詞

描述即作者為幫助讀者更深更感性地了解某人或某物而對(duì)該人

或該物作出的外在相貌或內(nèi)在特征的描寫(xiě)。例如：Thepenguinisa

kindofseabirdlivingintheSouthPole.Itisfatandwalksinafunny

way.Althoughitcannotfly,itcanswimintheicywatertocatchthefish.

從例句的描述中可以得知penguin是一種生活在南極的鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)。后面更

詳盡地描述了該鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)的生活習(xí)性。

二、【真題實(shí)戰(zhàn)訓(xùn)練】

【實(shí)戰(zhàn)訓(xùn)練】A

（2019中考訓(xùn)練題）

（anextractfromProbuditi!）

CalvinwaitedoutsideTrudy'sbedroom.Thenithappened——ascream,averyloud

scream.Calvinrantohisroomanddivedintobed.

spider

HeheardMamacomingdownthehall.

“Didyoudothis?”hismotherasked.Calvinlookedoutfromunderthecovers.

Hismotherstoodoverhim,holdingarubberspider.

“Dowhat?”heasked.

“Youputthatthinginmybed,"Trudytoldhim,steppingoutfrombehindMama.

“Don'tthinkthatjustbecauseit'syourbirthdayyoucangetawaywithsomething

likethis,“Mamascolded（責(zé)罵）.

“Youdowantyourpresent,don'tyou?”ThatwipedthesmileoffCalvin'sface.

“CourseIdo,“hesaid.

“Thenyouapologize（道歉）

Calvindroppedhishead.uSorryTrudy/hemuttered（嘟嘎）.

“Here,“Mamasaid.“Happybirthday.^^AtthebreakfasttableshehandedCalvin

anenvelope.InsidewereticketstothematineeshowofLomaxtheMagnificent,the

world-famousmagicianandhypnotist.uYou9vegottwoticketsthereJMamasaid,

“andIknowsomeonewho'dreallylovetogoalong."ShesmiledatTrudy.

“Youdon'tmeanhere,doyou?”Calvinasked,eyeinghislittlesister.

“Well,thatwouldbereallynice.Butthoseticketsareyours.Ifyouwanttoask

somebody——“Calvindidn'twaitforhismothertofinish.Herushedoutofthehouseto

cellRodney,hispalnextdoor,thatthetwoofthemweregoingtoseeLomaxthe

Magnificent.

1.Whoscreamedatthebeginning?

A.Calvin.B.Calvin9ssister.C.Calvin\friend.D.Calvin's

mother.

2.CalvinapologizedtoTrudy.

A.unwillinglyB.trulyC.happilyD.excitedly

3.Calvinreceivedhispresent.

A.inthekitchenB.inhisbedC.insidethetheatreD.outside

hishouse

4.Calvin'smotherRallywantedCalvinto.

A.askhisfriendtotheshowB.findoutwhathisfriendthought

C.dowhatshethoughtwasrightD.watchtheshowwithouthissister

5.Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?

A.Trudy9sSpiderB.Mother'sTickets

C.Calvin\BirthdayD.Rodney9sPresent

【解析】本篇文章難度適中。本篇文章主要講述加爾文通過(guò)惡作劇提醒母親

今天是他的生日。母親給了他兩張票讓他去看表演，母親本來(lái)希望他帶他的妹妹

去，但是他并沒(méi)有。

1.根據(jù)CalvinwaitedoutsideTrudy'sbedroom.Thenithappened——ascream,a

veryloudscream可知，故選B。

2.根據(jù)Calvindroppedhishead."SorryTrudy,“hemuttered（嘟嚷）可知，故選

Ao

3.“Here,“Mamasaid."Happybirthday."AtthebreakfasttableshehandedCalvin

anenvelope.InsidewereticketstothematineeshowofLomaxtheMagnificent,the

world-famousmagicianandhypnotist口了矢口，故選A。

4.主艮據(jù)"Don'tthinkthatjustbecauseit'syourbirthdayyoucangetawaywith

somethinglikethis,“Mamascolded（責(zé)罵）.“Youdowantyourpresent,don'tyou?^^

ThatwipedthesmileoffCalvin'sface以及"You'vegottwoticketsthere/5Mamasaid,

“andIknowsomeonewho'dreallylovetogoalong.^^ShesmiledatTrudy可矢口，他的

媽媽想讓加爾文做她認(rèn)為正確的事情。故選C。

5.本文主要介紹加爾文用惡作劇來(lái)提醒媽媽給他生日禮物，最后他的媽媽給

他兩長(zhǎng)電影票作為生日禮物。所以標(biāo)題應(yīng)為加爾文的生日，故選C。

【實(shí)戰(zhàn)訓(xùn)練】B

2016中考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解分類(lèi)練習(xí)：廣告布告類(lèi)

配對(duì)閱讀:將下面五個(gè)人的性格特征和某報(bào)社編輯給他們的交友建議相匹配。

[〃、題1]Saralikestomakefriendswithpopularpeople,becauseshefindsiteasierto

communicatewiththem.

[小題2]WhenJaneishappy,shelikestotalktoeveryoneinherclass.Butwhenshe

feelssad,shedoesn'tevensay"hi"toanyone.

【小題3].Paulispoorinhisstudy,andhealwaysfeelsshytotalkwithothers,sohe

hasveryfewfriends.

[4、題4]WhenPeterfeelsuncomfortabletalkingwithsomeone,heoftenlookhere

andthere.

【小題5】Susanisagoodstudent,butsheisneversurewhattotalkaboutwhen

she

stayswithothers.

A.Beconfidentinyourself.Everyonehasitsgoodqualities.Peoplewhohave

self-confidencearemoreattractive.

B.Itisnotpolitetolookaroundwhentalkingwithpeople.Trytolookpeoplein

the

eyeevenyouarenotinterestedintheconversation.Thenpeoplewillfinditeasier

to

talktoyou.

C.Trytomakefriendswithkindsofpeople,notjustwiththosewhoareeasyto

communicate.Thenyouwillfindtherearegreaterchancesformakingfriends.

D.Onceyougettoknowaperson,findmorechancestomeet.Forexample,you

can

playsoccertogetherorhaveashorttravel.Thenyouwilleachotherwell.

E.Trytohelpothers.Forinstance,lookafterpeoplewhoareillorhelppeople

take

careoftheirpets.Bekindtoothersandyouwillbetreatedkindly.

F.Otherwillthinkyouarestrangeifyouarefriendlyonedayanddon'ttalkthe

nextday.Learntoshareyourfeelingswithothers.Shareyoursadnesswithyourothers,

andyouwillbehappyagain.

G.Careaboutwhat'shappeningintheworld.Readmorenewspapers,listentothe

topCDs,andfindoutsomethingaboutnewsportsormoviestars.Thentalkabout

thingsthatapersonmayinterestedin.

【答案】

【小題1】c

【小題2】F

【小題3】A

【小題4】B

【小題5】G

【實(shí)戰(zhàn)訓(xùn)練】C

Asachild,Iwasreallyafraidofthedarkandofgettinglost.Thesefearswere

veryrealandcausedmesomeuncomfortablemoments.

Maybeitwasthestrangewaythingslookedandsoundedinmyownroomatnight

thatscaredmesomuch.Therewasnevercompletedarkness,butalwaysastreetlightor

passing

carlights,whichmadeclothesonthebackofachairtakeontheshapeofawild

animal.Outofthecornerofmyeye,Isawthecurtains（窗簾）seemtomovewhenthere

wasnowind.Averylowsoundinthefloorwouldseemahundredtimeslouderthanin

theday.Myimagination（想象）wouldrunwild,andmyheartwouldbeatfast.Iwould

lieverystillsothatthe”en6my（敵人）"wouldnotdiscoverme.

AnotherofmychildhoodfearswasthatIwouldgetlost,especiallyontheway

homefromschool.EverymorningIgotontheschoolbusrightnearmyhome.That

wasnoproblem.Afterschool,though,whenallthebuseswerelinedupalongthestreet,

IwasafraidthatIwouldgetinthewrongoneandbetakentosomeotherstrange

places.Onschoolorfamilytripstoaparkoramuseum,Iwouldn'tlettheleadersout

ofmysight.

PerhapsoneoftheworstfearsofallIhadasachildwasthatofnotbeinglikedor

acceptedbyothers.Beingpopularwassoimportanttomethen,andthefearofnot

beinglikedwasaseriousone.

Oneoftheprocesses(過(guò)程)growingupisbeingabletorealizeandovercomeour

fears.Understandingthethingsthatscaredusaschildrenhelpsusachievegreater

successlaterinlife.

()1.Theauthorhadkind(s)offearswhenshewasachild.

A.oneB.twoC.threeD.none

()2.wouldscaretheauthoratnight.

A.StreetlightandcarlightsB.Wildanimalsand

enemies

C.MovingcurtainsandwindD.Strangesightsand

sounds

()3.Whenshewenttosomeotherplaces,shewould.

A.walkawaywithoutothersB.takeabusbyherself

C.followotherscloselyD.makesurenottotakeawrongbus

()4.Whichofthefollowingwouldbepossiblytruewhenshewasachild?

A.Shewasusuallypopularamongpeople.B.Shewasalwaystheleaderofthe

others.

C.Shealways'gotpoorgrades.D.Shewasnotatalllikedbyothers.

()5.Theunderlinedword"overcome'1means"”inChinese.

A.接受B.忍受C.信服D.克服

閱讀理解1—5CDCAD

【實(shí)戰(zhàn)訓(xùn)練】D

(2019中考選練)

Thesedaysthesubjectofsafetyoncampusistalkedaboutquiteoften.Some

students5mobilephotosarestolen,somestudentsfightwithandhurtoneanother,and

othersareknockeddownbythefastrunningmotorbikesorcars.

Theseproblemsarecommononcampus.Ithinktherearethreecausesforthese.

Firstly,somestudentsdon'ttakecareoftheirownthings.Theyarestillyoungandnot

carefulenough.Secondly,somestudentswanttodoeverythingwell.Theywanttobe

thewinnersinexams,andtheyalsowanttobethewinnersinfighting.Andthirdly,the

campusguardsdon'tcarryontheirdutieswell..

Inordertohaveasafecampus,allthestudentsshouldbeverycarefulabouttheir

ownthings.Theyshouldalsomindtheirbehaviorsandactpolitely.Thecampusguards

aresupposedtobedevoted（致力于）tothesafetyoncampus,anditistheirdutyto

safeguardasafecampustohelpprovideagoodenvironmentforthestudents.

1.Accordingtothepassage,somestudents9arelost.

A.booksB.watchesC.bikesD.mobilephones

2.Therearereasonsfbrthecampusproblems.

A.2B.3C.4D.5

3.Thepassagetellsussomedon'tcarryontheirdutieswell.

A.campusguardsB.studentsC.teachersD.headteachers

4.Whichofthefollowingsentencesisnotright?

A.Somestudentsareknockeddownbycars.

B.Somestudentswanttobethewinnersinexamsandfighting.

C.Allthestudentstakecareoftheirownthings.

D.Allthestudentsshouldtakecareoftheirownthings.

5.Thispassageis.mainlyabout.

A.howtomakethecampussafeB.howtodowellinexams

C.howtoactpolitelyD.howtotakecareofthings

參考答案ID2B3A4C5A

【實(shí)戰(zhàn)訓(xùn)練】E

（2019中考選練）

Hello,everyone.Becauseofthehighrateofschoolviolence（暴力）insomeareas,

teenagers9safetybecomesaseriousproblem.Weareplanningtosetupanorganization

namedSchoolWatchtomakesurethatstudentshaveasafeschoolenvironment.Please

bepartofourplan!

WhatisSchoolWatch?

Schoolwatchisavolunteerprojectinourschool.Ithelpsusstopviolenceand

improvethequalityofschoollife.Itwillkeepyourselfandyourschoolmatessafe.

TheothermembersofSchoolWatchcareforyouandyourclassroomandyoudothe

sameforthem.

Isitforeveryone?

Anybody