2022年四川省廣元市大學(xué)英語(yǔ)6級(jí)大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)重點(diǎn)匯總（含答案）

2022年四川省廣元市大學(xué)英語(yǔ)6級(jí)大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)重點(diǎn)匯總（含答案）學(xué)校:________班級(jí):________姓名:________考號(hào):________

一、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(20題)1.

Willig'sresearchcameupwiththefactthatiftheexperimentaldesignofthestudyisbetter,theeffectsofbilingualeducationwouldbe______.

2.Rivers

Byoriginalusage,ariverisflowingwaterinachannelwithdefinedbanks.Modernusageincludesriversthataremultichanneled,intermittent,orephemeralinflowandchannelsthatarepracticallybankless.Theconceptofchanneledsurfaceflow,however,remainscentraltothedefinition.

Riversarenourishedbyprecipitation,bydirectoverlandrunoff,throughspringsandseepages,orfrommeltwaterattheedgesofsnowfieldsandglaciers.Thecontributionofdirectprecipitationonthewatersurfaceisusuallyminute,exceptwheremuchofacatchmentareaisoccupiedbylakes.Riverwaterlossesresultfromseepageintoshallowordeepaquifers(沙石含水層)andparticularlyfromevaporation.Thedifferencebetweenthewaterinputandlosssustainssurfacedischargeorstreamflow.TheamountofwaterinriversystematanytimeisbutatinyfractionoftheEarth'stotalwater;97percentofallwateriscontainedintheoceansandaboutthree-quartersoffreshwaterisstoredaslandice;nearlyalltheremainderoccursasgroundwater.Lakesholdlessthan0.5percentofallfreshwater,soilmoistureaccountsforabout0.05percent,andwaterinriverchannelsforroughlyhalfasmuch,0.025percent,whichrepresentsonlyaboutonefour-thousandthoftheEarth'stotalfreshwater.

Waterisconstantlycycledthroughthesystemsoflandice,soil,lakes,groundwater(inpart),andriverchannels,however.Thedischargeofriverstotheoceansdeliverstothesesystemstheequivalentofthewatervapourthatisblownoverlandandthenconsequentlyprecipitatedasrainorsnow,e.,some7percentofmeanannualprecipitationontheglobeand30percentofprecipitationonlandareas.

Thehistoricalrecordincludesmarkedshiftsintheappreciationofrivers,numerousconflictsinusedemand,andanintensificationofusethathasrapidlyacceleratedduringthe20thcentury.Externalfreighttradebecameconcentratedinestuarineports(河口港)ratherthanininlandportswhenocean-goingvesselsincreasedinsize.

Demandonopen-channelwaterincreasesaspopulationandpercapitawateruseincreaseandasundergroundwatersuppliesfallshort.Irrigationuseconstitutesacomparativelylargepercentageofthetotalsupply.

Present-daydemandsonriversaspowersourcesrangefromthefloatingoftimber,throughtheuseofwaterforcooling,tohydroelectricgeneration.Logginginforestsreliesprimarilyonflotationduringtheseasonofmelt-waterhighflow.Largepowerplantsandotherindustrialfacilitiesareoftenlocatedalongrivers,whichsupplytheenormousquantitiesofwaterneededforcoolingpurposes.Manufacturersofpetrochemicals,steel,andwoolenclothalsomakelargedemands.Hydroelectricpowergenerationwasintroducedmorethan100yearsago,butthemajorityoftheexistinginstallationshavebeenbuiltsince1950.

Theever-increasingexploitationofrivershasgivenrisetoavarietyofproblems.Extensivecommercialnavigationofrivershasresultedinmuchartificialimprovementofnaturalchannels,includingincreasingthedepthofthechannelstopermitpassageoflargervessels.Insomecases,thisloweringoftheriverbottomhascausedthewatertableofthesurroundingareatodrop,whichhasadverselyaffectedagriculture.Also,canalization,withitsextensivesystemoflocksandnavigationdams,oftenseriouslydisruptsriverineecosystems.

Anevenmorefar-reachingproblemisthatofwaterpollution.Pesticidesandherbicidesarenowemployedinlargequantitiesthroughoutmuchoftheworld.Thewidespreaduseofsuchbiocidesandtheuniversalnatureofwatermakesitinevitablethatthetoxicchemicalswouldappearasstreampollutants.Biocidescancontaminatewater,especiallyofslowflowingrivers,andareresponsibleforanumberoffishkillseachyear.

Inag

A.YB.NC.NG

3.

Geneticprivacyisasrealaconcernas______forthedignityandintegrityoftheindividual.

4.

Therecruiterdevelops______ofyoufromyourdatasheetbeforehegoesouttocallyou.

5.

Thepassagemanlyrefutesthewrongideasabouttheeconomicinteractionbetweenrichandpoorcountries.

A.YB.NC.NG

6.

ThereasonwhytheersatznewsthatAlabamachangedthevalueofPispreadwildlywasthat______forwardedthearticletofriendsandposteditonothernewsgroups.

7.

Controllingairpollutionisanothercrucialobjective;______devicescanreducetheharmfulgasesemittedfromtheengine.

8.

Acopyrightprotectstheexpressionofanideathrough______thatisoriginaltotheauthor.

9.

Americanhighschoolstudentssinkalmosttothebottominasurveyofmathandscienceliteracybecausetoomanyofthehighschool______inAmericaarenotqualified.

10.

Amongthecollegestudents"smartenough"tograduate,onlyfewcouldsucceedin______.

11.

Americans'shortcomingsinsciencearevast,andunfortunately______ismakingeffortstodefeatthem.

12.

TokeeptheEarthoutofwarm,wecandestroytheMethanewith______.

A.greenhousegasB.sunlightC.waterD.oxygen

13.

CryosatshouldhelpfigureoutwhatishappeningattheWestAntarcticfringebecauseitsradaraltimetersshouldbeableto______.

14.

Brazilisnowangryatthelosingtradeasaresultof______.

A.tradeprotectionism

B.developedcountries'limitationonimportation

C.highertariffsonsuccessivestagesofproduction

D.westerncountries'economicpunishment

15.

Thetermpunctuatedequilibriarefersto______.

16.

Earth'sclimatewouldsurelybecomewarmerandwarmer.

A.YB.NC.NG

17.WhentoWorryAboutaFever

THEPANICKEDCALLwokeDr.SuzanneCorriganat2a.m.Awomancried,"Mychildhasahighfever.WhatshouldIdo?"

TheIrving,Texas,pediatricianquicklyasked:Howoldistheyoungster?Howhighisthefever?"Itturnedoutthatthefevermeasured101degreesrectallytheequivalentof100degreesorally,"saysCorrigan."Andthebaby,a15-month-old,hadfallenbacktoapeacefulsleep.'

Themotherhadworriedthatthefevermightgoupquicklyifshedidn'twakethechildtogivemedication.Corriganreassuredherthatthefeverwasmildandsimplythebody'snaturalresponsetofightingoffaninvader,mostlikelyavirus.Thedoctoradvisedhertoletthebabysleep,unlessothersymptomsappeared.

"Likemanypeople,thismothermistakenlyassumethathavingafevermeansyou'reseriouslyill,"saysCorrigan,oftheAmericanAcademyofPediatrics."Itellpatientsthatfeveritselfisn'tanillness.It'showthebodyrevsuptheimmunesystemtodefendagainstinfection."

Anunreasonablefearofelevatedtemperature,acommonreaction,iscalled"feverphobia"byDr.BartonD.Schmitt,professorofpediatricsatTheChildren'sHospitalinDenver.Fewpeople,saysSchmitt,realizethatfeveritselfisrarelydangerous,andbytreatingitaggressivelywithaspirinoracetaminophen,theymayactuallyslowrecovery.

Herearesixsurprisingfactsaboutfeveryoushouldknowtoprotectyourselfandyourfamily.

1.Theconceptof98.6asthebody's"normal"temperatureisoutofdate.

SaysDr.PhilipA.MackowiakoftheUniversityofMarylandSchoolofMedicine:"Thenormaltemperatureisactuallyarangeratherthanonesinglenumber.Andthere'sagreatdealofindividualvariation."

Thebody'snaturalcircadianrhythmspromptdailytemperaturefluctuationsofaboutonedegreeFahrenheit,butsomepeoplehaveoscillationsaswideas2.4degreesorasnarrowas0.1degree.Childrentendtohaveslightlyhighernormaltemperaturethanadultsandaremorelikelytorunhighfeversinresponsetoinfection.Elderlypeopletendtohavelowerbodytemperaturesthanyoungeradults.

Ordinaryactionscanraisetemperature:digestingabigmeal,beinginthesun,prolongedcryinginbabies,exercise.Butbodytemperaturerarelyriseshigherthanabout106.5degreeswithtwomainexceptions:atraumaortumorthatdamagesthehypothalamus(thepartofthebraincontrollingtemperature),and,morecommonly,heatstroke,whichmustbetreatedimmediatelytopreventdamagetobodyorgans,ordeath.

2.Takingmedicationtolowerafevermayprolongillness.

Here'showfeverworks:Whenwhitebloodcellsrecognizeanintruder,theyreleaseproteinsthattraveltothehypothalamusandpromptittoraisethebody'sthermostat.Thebodyreactstothisbygeneratingheat,oftenthroughshivering."Manyimmunologicalfunctionsappeartobemoreefficientatahighertemperature,"sayspediatricianTimothyDoranofTheJohnsHopkinsUniversitySchoolofMedicine."Andsomebacteriaandvirusesdon'tgrowaswellathighertemperatures.

Recentstudiesshowthatwhenanimalsareexposedtobacteriabutpreventedfromrunningafever,manydieofinfectionstheymighthavesurvived.Doranresearchedchildrenwithchickenpox,andfoundthat"ittookthosewhoweregivenacetaminophenabouthalfadaylongertorecover"thanitdidthosewhosefeverswereuntreated.

Whilemostpeopleareprobablybetteroffnotsuppressingfeversthatcausenodiscomfort,thereareexceptions.Coronarypatientsandthosewithsuchchronicconditionsasarthritisanddiabetesshouldcontactaphysicianimmediately.

Tobalancetherisksandbenefitsoftreatingfever,alotdependsonthepatient'scomfort."Datashowthatfeverdoesgood,butitalso

A.YB.NC.NG

18.

ToIndians,theterminationofGangotriglacierisknownasthe______orcow'shead.

19.

Accordingtothepassage,people______cantakerunningasregularexerciseimmediately?

A.withalotofenthusiasm

B.withgoodhealthcondition

C.whohavenomoneybutlotsoftime

D.whowanttobestronger

20.AccordingtoBobbyPeek,targetingthecompanieswouldbedifficultasitwouldbenear-impossibletoprovethatillnessessufferedwerecausedby______.

二、3.ListeningComprehension(20題)21.【B7】

22.(22)

A.Becausehethoughthewastedmuchtime.

B.Becausehedoesn'tunderstandthewoman'sexplanation.

C.Becausehewatchedonlyoneprogram.

D.Becausehewassobored.

23.

【B7】

24.聽(tīng)力原文：Togetadriver'slicenseintheU.S.,allstatesrequirethatyoubeaboveacertainage,thatyouknowhowtodrive,andthatyouknowabouttrafficlawsandsafetyrules.

Inmoststates,youhavetobeatleastsixteenyearsoldtostartlearningtodrive.Anyoneyoungerthanthatwhositsbehindthewheelofamovingcarisviolatingthelaw,evenffheorsheiscloselysupervised.Agesixteenisalsotheminimumageinmoststatesfortakingdriver'seducationcoursesinschools.

Driver'seducationcoursesbeginwithclassroominstructionontherulesoftheroadandtrafficlaws.Youlearn,forexample,howfastitissafetogoincertainareas,whattodoffafireengineisnear,andwhatthedifferentroadsignsmean,Whenyoufinishtheclassroomcourse,youcanapplyforaLearner'sPermit.Insomestatesyouhavetotakeatestbeforeyoureceivethepermit.

WhenyouhaveyourLearner'sPermit,youareallowedtodriveacarundersupervision.Thismeansthatyoucandriveonlywhenyouareaccompaniedbyalicenseddriver.Itisduringthisperiodthatyouactuallylearntodrive.Youlearntosteerthecar,tostartit,topassothercars,toparkandalltheotherpracticalthingsyouwillneedtoknow.

YourLearner'sPermitisgoodforonlyalimitedamountoftime,sinceitisexpectedthatyouwillbereadytotakethetestforyourlicenseafterarelativelyshortperiodofinstruction.

(30)

A.Howtodriveacar.

B.HowtogetadrivinglicenseinAmerica.

C.TrafficlawsandsafetyrulesinAmerica.

D.Theagerequirementfordrivingacar.

25.聽(tīng)力原文：Livingthingstakefromtheirenvironmentandgivebacktotheirenvironment.Inotherwords,livingthingsandtheirenvironmentareinterdependent.Livingthingstakematterandenergyfromtheenvironment,andreturnmatterandenergytotheenvironment.Forinstance,animalsfeedonplants,oronotheranimals.Andtheyreturnmaterialstotheenvironment.Thisinteractiongoesoncontinually.

Manalsoisinactivegive-and-takerelationswithhisenvironment.However,thereisonewayinwhichmanisdifferent.Otherlivingthingsdonotchangetheirenvironmentthewaymandoes.Manisnotonlyadaptedtotheenvironment.Healtershisenvironmentinothercomplexways.

Howisitthatmancanalterhisenvironment,asnootherlivingthingcan?Itisbecauseofhisbrain.Withhisbrain,manlearns.

Man'sbrainmakesitpossibleforhimtorecordwhathelearns.Heputshisrecordsinwords,inpictures,insounds.Inthiswaymancanpassonwhathelearnstoothermen,

(30)

A.Theyhavenothingtodowitheachother.

B.Theyhavesomethingtodowitheachother.

C.Theyhelpeachotherinaway.

D.Theydependoneachother.

26.(35)

A.Becausethesalariesofplayersarelow.

B.Becausetheplayersaregettingold.

C.Becausenoonewantstohearitagain.

D.BecausePreservationHallisclosed.

27.

【B6】

28.(34)

A.Becauseshewantedthemtorespecther.

B.SothattheyknewtheywereofKoreanorigin.

C.Becauseshedidn'twantthemtospeakEnglish.

D.SothattheywouldbemoresuccessfulintheU.S.

29.聽(tīng)力原文：M:IwishIcouldseeGeorgehere.

W:Hewasplanningtocome,butamomentagohiswifecalledtosaythathehadtotakehisfathertothehospital.

Q:Whowasill?

(23)

A.Forabasketballmatch.

B.Foratabletennismatch.

C.Forafootballmatch.

D.Foravolleyballmatch.

30.聽(tīng)力原文：M:Isn'titrathercoldoutside,Sally?

W:Itisabit,butIcan'tstandtheterriblesmokeinside.I'dratherstayhereifyoudon'tmind.

Q:Whydoesthewomanwanttostayoutside?

(13)

A.Shefeelsveryhotintheroom.

B.Shewantstoavoidmeetingpeople.

C.Shewantstosmokeacigaretteoutside.

D.Shedoesn'tlikethesmellofsmokeinside.

31.【B3】

32.(21)

A.It'soverpriced.

B.Itmakespeoplecrazy.

C.Ifsdifferentfromothercoffeehouses'coffee.

D.AllthecoffeeisfromBrazil.

33.

【B5】

34.

【B4】

35.聽(tīng)力原文：JaneAddamscamefromawell-to-doandculturedfamily.ShewassodistressedaboutthemiseryofpoorpeoplethatsheleftherefinehometospendherlifeintheslumsofChicago.In1889,sheestablishedasettlementhousewheresheinitiatedmanyprojectssuchasahot-lunchserviceforfactoryworkers,day-carecentresforlittlechildren,freeclassesforyoungpeopleandadults,agymnasiumandanartgallery.Immigrantsandotherpoorpeoplecametohersettlementhouseforadviceandhelpaswellasforfun.JaneAddamswasalsoactiveinfightingagainsttheuseofchildlabourandagainstwar.Sheworkedforwomen'srighttovoteandforimprovingthesituationoftheblacks.Sheinitiatedcountryvacationprogrammesforpoorcitychildren.JaneAddamshadgreatinfluenceonthedevelopmentofsocialworkintheUnitedStatesandinotherpartsoftheworld.Shepromotedtheideaofresponsibilityforthewelfareofthepoor.Settlementhousesofasimilarkindwerefoundedinmanypoorneighbourhoodstomakethelivesofthepoormoremeaningful.In1931,JaneAddamswasawardedtheNobelPrizeforwhatshehaddoneforsociety.

(30)

A.Inday-carecentreswherelittlechildrenweretakencareof.

B.InareasinChicagowherepoorpeoplelived.

C.Inplaceswherehotlunchwasprovidedforyoungpeople.

D.Inschoolswherefreeclasseswereorganizedforyoungpeople.

36.聽(tīng)力原文：W:Hi,Larry,areyouwaitingtoseeProfessorJamison,too?

M:Yeah,sinceIgotoneofthefivehighestgradesinherclass,sheaskedmetoworkasherassistantnextsemester.I'mherenowformyinterview.

W:Oh,yes.Ididthatjobtwoyearsago.

M:Really?Didyoulikeit?

W:IthinkitwasthebestI'vehadatschool.Itpaideightdollarsanhour.

M:Thatisagoodsalary.Whatdidyoudo?

W:Iwasinchargeofgradingalltheproblemsetsthatwereassignedashomework.Ineverhadtroubledoingit,andProf.Jamisonwasalwaysavailabletohelpme.

M:Ithinkitwouldbeverygoodexperienceforanyonethinkingaboutbecomingateacher.

W:Absolutely,Youalsolearnhowtousethecomputerdatabase,becausetherecordsarekeptonit.Andbuildingupyourcomputerskillsisagoodpreparationforlotsofjobs.

M:Thejobsoundsgreat,butI'malittleworriedabouthowmosttimeitmighttoke?

W:It'sprettyreasonable.Itnevertookmemorethanfivehoursaweektodoallthegradingandthenanotherthirtytofortyminutestorecordthegradesonthecomputer.

M:Thatsoundsmanageable.

W:Oh,yeah.Youjustneedtogeteachsetbackforthenextclass,butthatmeansyoualwayshaveatleasttwodaysandsometimesfour.

M:Itsoundsgreat.

W:Goodluck.

(23)

A.Onhiswayhome.

B.WaitingtoseeProf.Jamison.

C.Waitingthewoman.

D.Doinghishomework.

37.聽(tīng)力原文：W:Whyareyougivingmeaspeedingticket?Iwasgoingat40milesperhour.

M:Can'tyouseethenoticenearby?Itreads"10mphlimits".

Q:Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthetwospeakers?

(17)

A.Husbandandwife.

B.Teacherandstudent.

C.Policemananddriver.

D.Motherandson.

38.(24)

A.Itisasubconsciousthing.

B.Itreflectsalackofself-consciousness.

C.Itisunnecessaryindeed.

D.Itisakindofconsciousact.

39.(29)

A.Wecangetentertainment.

B.Wecanknowbetteraboutlife.

C.Wecanfindgoodwaystodealwithconflicts.

D.Wecanknowsomethingfromwatchingthemaincharacter.

40.(45)

三、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(20題)41.

Theword"discrepancy"(Para.3)mostprobablymeans______.

A.differenceB.excellenceC.inbornabilityD.inability

42.

Whenyouenterthebookshoptofindabook,youwill______.

A.becomecompletelyabsorbedinthebookswithoutrealizingwhereyouare

B.becomecompletelylostwithoutanyknowledgeofyourwhereabouts

C.becomecompletelyunconsciousinthebookshop

D.loseanysenseofdirectionastowhereyouare

43.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.

Thebacteriathatcauseacommonfood-borneillnessshowlowdrugresistanceinAustralia,unlikesimilarstrainsfromtheUnitedStatesandEurope,astudyhasfound.ScientistsbehindthefindingsayAustralia'sdefactobanoncertainantibioticsinpoultry(家禽)andotherlivestockhelpsexplainwhy.

Inthestudy,researchersanalyzedsamplesofCampylobacterjejuni(空腸彎曲桿菌)bacteriafrom585patientsinfiveAustralianstates.

Scientistsfoundthatonly2percentofthesampleswereresistanttociprofloxacin(環(huán)丙沙星),oneofthegroupofantibioticsknownasfluoroquinolonones.Bycontrast,18percentofCampylobacter(弧形桿菌)samplesinU.S.patientsareimmunetofluoroquinolonones,whichhavebeenusedintheU.S.topreventortreatrespiratory(呼吸的)diseaseinpoultryforadecade.

Thestudy,ledbyLeanneUnicomb,agraduatestudentatAustralianNationalUniversityinCanberra,waspublishedintheMayissueofthejournalClinicalInfectiousDiseases.

"Tducinganimals,"Unicombwroteinanemail.

Campylobacteristhemostcommonfood-bornediseaseintheU.S.andmanyotherindustrializedcountries.

Peoplecancontractthepathogen(病原體)byconsumingundercookedpoultryormeat,rawmilk,orcontaminated(被污染的)water.

Symptomsincludefever,vomiting,anddiarrhea(腹瀉).Inrarecases,thediseasecantriggerparalysisordeath.

"InmostindustrialcountriesCampylobacterismorecommonlyreportedthanSalmonella(沙門(mén)氏菌),abetter-knowncauseoffoodpoisoning,"Unicombsaid.

"ThenumberofcasesofCampylobacterhasbeenontheriseinAustraliasincetheearly90's."

IntheU.S.,about1.4millionpeoplecontractedCampylobacterinfectionslastyear,accordingtotheU.S.CentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention(CDC)inAtlanta,Georgia.

WhiletheinfectionrateintheU.S.hasdroppedoverthelastdecade,thebacteriahavegrownmoredrag-resistant.

AccordingtotheCDC,surveysbetween1986and1990foundnosignsofresistancetotheantibioticsinU.S.Campylobacterinfections.Butby1997,strainsresistanttotheantibioticsaccountedfor12percentofhumancases.In2001thefigureclimbedto18percent.

PublichealthexpertssaymanyfactorscontributetoCampylobacter'sdrugresistance;thewidespreaduseoffluoroquinolononesbyU.S.poultryfarmersoverthepastdecadeisoneofthem.

FluoroquinoloneswerefirstapprovedforuseinhumansbytheU.S.FoodandDrugAdministration(FDA)in1986.In1995theFDAgrantedpoultryfarmerspermissiontotheusethedragsinlivestock.LastyeartheFDAbannedtheantibioticfromfood-producinganimals,citingtheconcernsraisedbypublichealthexpertsoverdrug-resistantbacteria.

FrederickAngulo,anepidemiologistwiththeCDC,monitorsthedrugresistanceoffood-bornepathogensintheU.S.foodsupply."Thepeoplewhoaremostlikelytogetinfectedwithfood-bornediseasesincludethemostvulnerablepeopleinthepopulation-infantsandyoungchildrenandalsotheelderly,"hesaid.HesaysthatCampylobacterinfectionsareentirelypreventable,asisthebacteria'santibioticresistance."Inmanywayswhat'soccurringwithCampylobacterisanindicatorforabroaderissue,whichis...antibiotic-resistantbacteriainthefoodsupply,"hesaid.

Whydofood-bornepathogensinAustraliashowlowdragresistance?

44.

AccordingtoMaryMeeker,______.

A.traditionalretailerscan'tcompetewithonlineonesonprice,choiceorservice

B.thebattlebetweentraditionalretailersandonlineretailersisover

C.onlineretailershaveprevailedovertraditionalonesinthemarketofcertainproducts

D.onlineretailershavedestroyedthevalueoftraditionalretailers'properties

45.

【C2】

46.Whatmakesconsumershappieraccordingtothenewstudies?

A.Overcomingtheeconomiccrisis.

B.Affordinganythingatanytime.

C.Spendingmoneyforanexperience.

D.Havingasmuchmoneyasotherpeople.

47.EverySundaymorningmillionsofIndianssettledownwithacupofteaandthespecialweekendis-suesoftheirnewspapers,justasAmericansdo.Buthere,withthemarriageseasonapproaching,manyofthemturnquicklytoaSundayfeaturethatisparticularlyIndian—thecolumnsandcolumnsofmarriageadvertisementsinwhichyoungpeoplelookforhusbandsandwives.

"BeautifulBrahmangirlwantedforbankofficerfromwell-connectedfamily,"onesays."Vegetarianman(doctor,engineerpreferred)forchurch-educatedgirlwithlightcomplexion,"saysanother."Solid25-year-old,salaryfourfigures,wantstall,charming,educatedPunjabi,"saysathird.

Thisisarelativelymodernchangeintheage-oldcustomofthearrangedmarriage.Thethousandsofadvertisementspublishedeachweekincreasinglyreflectsocialchangesthatarecomingtothistraditionalsociety.Forexample,althoughwomenarestillusuallydescribedintermsofappearance,orskillsin"thewifelyarts",informationabouttheirearningpowerisenteringmoreandmoreoftheadvertisements.ThisreflectsthearrivalinIndiaoftheworkingwife.

Divorce,whichusedtobealmostunheardofinIndia,issometimesnowmentionedintheadvertisementsasinthecaseofawomanwhoseadvertisementinaNewDelhinewspaperexplainedthatshehadbeen"theinnocentparty"whenhermarriagebrokeup.

Becausethecustomofthedowry(marriagepayment)isnowillegal,someadvertisementssay"nodowry",or"simplemarriage",whichmeansthesamething.However,thefathersofmanybridegroomsstillrequireit.

Asasignoftheslightlooseningoftherigidcaste(socialclass)system,anumberofadvertisementspromise"castenotimportant",or"girl'sabilitieswillbemainconsideration".Themajorityofthem,however,stillrequirenotonlycaste,suchasBrahmanorKshatriya,butalsoacertainhomeregionorethnicorigin.

Inalandwherelightskinisoftenregardedassociallypreferable,manyalsorequirethatawomanhavea"wheat-color"complexionorthatamanbe"tall,fairandhandsome".

Advertisementsareplacedandeagerlyreadbyawiderangeofpeopleintheupperclasses,mostlyincities.Manyofthemreceivedozensofanswers."There'snothingembarrassingaboutit,"explainedaCalcuttabusinessmanadvertisingforason-in-law."It'sjustanotherwayofbroadeningthecontactsandincreasingthepossibilityofdoingthebestonecanforone'sdaughter."

Becauseofhighunemploymentandagenerallypoorstandardoflivinghere,oneofthebestattractionsamarriageadvertisementcanofferisapermittoliveabroad,especiallyinCanadaortheUnitedStates.Apersonwhohasonecangetwhathewants.

OnerecentSundayinMadras,forexample,aPunjabiengineerlivinginSanFranciscoadvertisedfora"beautifulslimbridewithlovelyfeaturesknowingmusicanddance".AndamanwhoseadvertisementsaidthathehadanAmericanimmigrationpermitwasabletosay,"Onlygirlsfromrich,well-educatedfamiliesneedapply."

ThemainideaofParagraph3isthat______.

A.India'ssocietyischanging

B.womenwork

C.arrangedmarriagesareanage-oldcustom

D.workingwifearrives

48.

WhatdoestheauthorthinkofToffler'sforesightofchangingtrends?

49.Expertsineducationandgerontology(老人醫(yī)學(xué))saythatthenumberofretiredAmericanswhoarespendingtime—orplanningto—oneducationalpursuitsisgrowingfast.Thetrendisdrivenbysuchfactorsasincreasedlongevity,peopleenjoyingmoreyearsofgoodhealth,andagrowingrealizationbymanythataretirementintopassivityisnotonlyboringbutcanleadtoatrophy(萎縮)ofbothmindandbody.Thefederalgovernmentestimatedin2001thatadditionallifeexpectancyfora65-year-oldwas16.4yearsformenand19.4yearsforwomen.That'salotoftimetofillifyou'renotworkingandingoodhealth.

Certainly,educationalopportunitiesaimedatthe65-and-oldersetaren'tnew.Thefirst"lifelonglearninginstitute"targetedspecificallyatretireesopenedin1962attheNewSchoolforSocialResearchinNewYork,andtherearemanyothersthathavebeenaroundfortwodecadesormore.What'snewisthetremendousvarietyoflearningopportunitiesandplacesavailableforthosewhoapproachretirement.Theoptionsrangefromone-shotlectur