麥田里的守望者英文介紹

MyHome-runBook：TheCatcherintheRye

——ByJ.D.SalingerTheCatcherintheRyeTheCatcherintheRyeisa1951novelbyJ.D.Salinger.Ithasbeenlistedasoneofthebestnovelsofthe20thcentury.JeromeDavidSalingerJeromeDavidSalingerwasbornwealthyJudeantradepeoples'familyandgrewupinthefashionableapartmentdistrictofManhattan,NewYorkonJanuary1,1919.Afterrestlessstudiesinprepschools,hewassenttoValleyForgeMilitaryAcademy(1934-36),whichheattendedbriefly.AbouttheauthorHeservedintheU.S.ArmyinWorldWarIIandparticipatedintheinvasionofNormandyonD-Day,1944.Aftergaininginternationalfamewiththisnovel,Salingerspenttherestofhislifeavoidingpublicity.SalingerdiedathishomeinNewHampshireonJanuary27,2023.PlotSummaryItisastoryaboutarebelliousteenageschoolboyandhisquixoticexperiencesinNewYork,takingplaceinDecember1949.ThestorycommenceswithHoldenCaulfielddescribingencountershehashadwithstudentsandfacultyofPenceyPrepinAgerstown,Pennsylvania.Hecriticizesthemforbeingsuperficial,or,ashewouldsay,“phony.”Afterbeingexpelledfromtheschoolforhispooracademicperformance,Holdenpacksupandleavestheschoolinthemiddleofthenightafteraphysicalaltercationwithhisroommate.HetakesatraintoNewYorkbutdoesnotwanttoreturntohisfamilyandinsteadchecksintothedilapidatedEdmontHotel.Holdenspendsatotalofthreedaysinthecity,andthistimeischaracterizedlargelybydrunkennessandloneliness.PlotSummaryAtonepointheendsupatamuseum,wherehecontrastshislifewiththestatuesofEskimosondisplay.Foraslongashecanremember,thestatueshavebeenunchanging.Theseconcernsmayhavestemmedlargelyfromthedeathofhisbrother,Allie.Eventually,hesneaksintohisparents'apartmentwhiletheyareaway,tovisithisyoungersister,Phoebe,whoisnearlytheonlypersonwithwhomheseemstobeabletocommunicate.PhoebeviewsHoldenasahero,andsheisnaivelyunawarethatHolden'sviewofherisvirtuallyidentical.PlotSummaryAfterleavinghisparents'apartment,Holdenthendropsbytoseeaformer,andmuchadmired,Englishteacher,Mr.Antolini,andisofferedadviceonlifeandaplacetosleep.HoldenisupsetwhenhewakesupinthenighttofindMr.Antolinipattinghisheadinawaythatheperceivesas"flitty."Holdenleavesandspendshislastafternoonwanderingthecity.PlotSummaryHoldenmakesthedecisionthathewillheadoutwest,andwhenhementionstheseplanstohislittlesister,shedecidesshewantstogowithhim.Holdendeclinesherofferandrefusestohaveheraccompanyhim.ThisupsetsPhoebe,soHoldendoesherafavoranddecidesnottoleaveafterall.HoldentriestoreversehersaddenedmoodbytakinghertotheCentralParkZoo.Herealizeshismistakesassheridesthecarouselthatlieswithinthezoo.WhilewatchingPhoebe,Holdenrealizesthathecan’tbethe“CatcherintheRye"andthatheisinneedofhelp.PlotSummaryAttheconclusionofthenovel,Holdendecidesnottomentionmuchaboutthepresentday,findingitinconsequential.Healludesto"gettingsick"andlivinginamentalhospital,andmentionsthathe'llbeattendinganotherschoolinSeptember.Holdensaysthathehassurprisinglyfoundhimselfmissingtwoofhisformerclassmates,StradlaterandAckley,andevenMauricetheelevatoroperator.Thelastwordsofthenovelare,"Don'tevertellanybodyanything.Ifyoudo,youstartmissingeverybody."AboutHoldenHoldenisamiddle-schoolstudent,thefamilybackgroundinthewealthymiddleclassfamily.Althoughheonlythen16yearsold,butstandsheadandshouldersaboveotherscomparedtotheaverageman,alldayisputtingonthewindproofraincoat,wearstheduckbillcap,loafs,isnotwillingtostudy.Hetoinschoolall--teacher,schoolmate,schoolwork,sportsmatchandsoon,allwasboredthoroughly,oncewasschoolfencingteampartychiefs,3timesbyschooldismissal.Asemesterhadended,andfurtherbecausehein5schoolworks4doesnotpassanexaminationbytheschoolauthoritiesisdismissed.Holdensharesafantasyhehasbeenthinkingabout(basedonamishearingofRobertBurns'Comin'ThroughtheRye):hepictureshimselfasthesoleguardianofnumerouschildrenrunningandplayinginahugeryefieldontheedgeofacliff.Hisjobistocatchthechildreniftheywanderclosetothebrink;tobea"catcherintherye."Althoughmisinterpreted,Holdenbelievesthattobea"catcherintherye"meanstosavechildrenfromlosingtheirinnocence.Holdendescribeseverythingas'phoney'andisconstantlyinsearchofsincerity.Holdenrepresentstheearlyheroofadolescentangst,butfulloflife,heisthegreatliteraryoppositeofGoethe'syoungWerther.WritingstyleTheCatcherintheRyeiswritteninasubjectivestylefromthepointofviewofitsprotagonist,HoldenCaulfield,followinghisexactthoughtprocess(awritingstyleknownasstreamofconsciousness).Thereisflowintheseeminglydisjointedideasandepisodes;forexample,asHoldensitsinachairinhisdorm,minoreventssuchaspickingupabookorlookingatatable,unfoldintodiscussionsaboutexperiences.Criticalreviewsagreethatthenovelaccuratelyreflectedtheteenagecolloquialspeechofthetime.ClassicSayingsRememberwhatshouldberemembered,andforgetwhatshouldbeforgotten.Alterwhatischangeable,andacceptwhatismutable.ComplaintsarethegreatestofferingsthatGodobtainsfromhumanbeings,aswellasthemostfaithfulprayershumanbeingsmightuttertoGod.Itcanbeinferredthatyoulackconfidenceinavictoryoveryourrivalsfromthefactthatyou’reirritableagainstthem.Fromthatyouwouldgetangrywithyourfriends,wecanconcludeyoustillcareaboutthefriendshipbetweenyou.Liketheoutcomeafteranexam,deathmakesusawareofanything,Thatis,it'stoolatetotakeatumble.Whenyouwereborn,you'recryingbutlookers-onweresmiling.Whenyouarepassingaway,you'resmilingbutlookers-onarecrying.Atrueloveiswhatdoesn'tstriveforbusiness,forextravagance,fo