飛機(jī)液壓系統(tǒng)管路和接頭

飛機(jī)液壓系統(tǒng)管路和接頭第1頁(yè)/共123頁(yè)BasicAircraftSystems—HydraulicSystem

RIGIDFLUIDLINESAsingleaircrafttypicallycontainsseveraldifferenttypesofrigidfluidlines.Eachtypeoflinehasaspecificapplication.However,asarule,rigidtubingisusedin:StationaryapplicationsLong,relativelystraightrunsSystemsthattypicallyutilizerigidtubingincludefuel,oil,oxygen,andinstrumentsystems.第2頁(yè)/共123頁(yè)BasicAircraftSystems—HydraulicSystem

RIGIDFLUIDLINESMATERIAL1.RigidlinesinearlyaircraftManyfluidlinesusedinearlyaircraftweremadeofcoppertubing.However,coppertubingprovedtrouble-somebecauseitbecamehardandbrittlefromthevibrationencounteredduringflight,andeventuallyfailed.Tohelppreventfailuresandextendthelifeofcoppertubing,itmustbeperiodicallyannealedtorestoreittoasoftcondition.第3頁(yè)/共123頁(yè)BasicAircraftSystems—HydraulicSystem

RIGIDFLUIDLINESMATERIAL1.RigidlinesinearlyaircraftAnnealingisaccomplishedbyheatingthetubeuntilitisredhotandthenquenchingincoldwater.Whenworkingonanaircraftthathascoppertubing,thetubingshouldbeannealedeachtimeitisremoved.Furthermore,copperlinesmustberegularlyinspectedforcracks,hardness,andgeneralcondition.第4頁(yè)/共123頁(yè)BasicAircraftSystems—HydraulicSystem

RIGIDFLUIDLINESMATERIAL2.RigidlinesinmodernaircraftAluminum

alloy（鋁合金）Corrosion-resistantsteel

（耐腐蝕鋼）Titaniumalloy

（鈦合金）Aluminumtubing:Aluminumtubingcomesinavarietyofalloys.purealuminumtubingmadefrom1100-H14(half-hard),oraluminumalloy3003-H14(half-hard)—lowpressuresystems(below1,000psi)suchasthoseusedforinstrumentairorventilatingair第5頁(yè)/共123頁(yè)BasicAircraftSystems—HydraulicSystem

RIGIDFLUIDLINESMATERIAL2.RigidlinesinmodernaircraftAluminumtubing:

linesmadeof5052-Oaluminumalloy—Lowpressurefuelandoilandmediumpressure(1,000to1,500psi)hydraulicandpneumaticsystems.Thisalloy,eveninitsannealedstate,isaboutoneandthree-quarterstimesstrongerthanhalf-hard,commerciallypurealuminum.Occasionally,2024-Taluminumalloyisusedforfluidlinesbecauseofitshigherstrength.However,itisnotasflexibleand,therefore,ismoredifficulttobendandflarewithoutcracking.第6頁(yè)/共123頁(yè)BasicAircraftSystems—HydraulicSystem

RIGIDFLUIDLINESMATERIAL2.RigidlinesinmodernaircraftAluminumtubing:

Aluminumalloytubesareidentifiedinanumberofways.onlargertubes,thealloydesignationisstampeddirectlyonthetube'ssurface.onsmalltubing,thealloydesignationistypicallyidentifiedbyacoloredband.Thesecolorbandsarenomorethan4incheswideandarepaintedonthetube'sends

andmidsection.Whenabandconsistsoftwocolors,one-halfthewidthisusedforeachcolor.

[Figure10-1]第7頁(yè)/共123頁(yè)第8頁(yè)/共123頁(yè)BasicAircraftSystems—HydraulicSystem

RIGIDFLUIDLINES2.RigidlinesinmodernaircraftCorrosion-resistantsteeltubing:

Corrosion-resistantsteeltubing,eitherannealedor1/4hard,isusedinhighpressuresystems(3,000psi)

Applicationsincludehighpressurehydraulic,pneumaticandoxygensystems.Corrosion-resistantsteelisalsousedinareasthataresubjecttophysicaldamagefromdirt,debris,andcorrosioncausedbymoisture,exhaustfumes,andsaltair.Suchareasincludeflapwellsandexternalbrakelines.第9頁(yè)/共123頁(yè)BasicAircraftSystems—HydraulicSystem

RIGIDFLUIDLINES2.RigidlinesinmodernaircraftCorrosion-resistantsteeltubing:

Anotherbenefitofcorrosion-resistantsteeltubingisthatithasahighertensilestrengthwhichpermitstheuseoftubingwiththinnerwalls.Asaresult,theinstallationweightissimilartothatofthicker-walledaluminumalloytubing.第10頁(yè)/共123頁(yè)BasicAircraftSystems—HydraulicSystem

RIGIDFLUIDLINES2.RigidlinesinmodernaircraftTitanium

alloytubing:

Thistypeoftubingandfittingisusedextensivelyintransportcategoryandhighperformanceaircrafthydraulicsystemsforpressuresabove1,500psi.Titaniumis30percentstrongerthansteeland50percentlighterthansteel.Cryofitfittings（冷裝配接頭）orswagedfittings（型鍛接頭）areusedwithtitaniumtubing.第11頁(yè)/共123頁(yè)第12頁(yè)/共123頁(yè)BasicAircraftSystems—HydraulicSystem

RIGIDFLUIDLINES2.RigidlinesinmodernaircraftTitaniumalloytubing:

Donotusetitaniumtubingandfittingsinanyoxygensystemassembly.Titaniumandtitaniumalloysareoxygenreactive.Ifafreshlyformedtitaniumsurfaceisexposedingaseousoxygen,spontaneouscombustioncouldoccuratlowpressures.第13頁(yè)/共123頁(yè)BasicAircraftSystems—HydraulicSystem

RIGIDFLUIDLINESIdentificationoftubematerialRepairstoaircrafttubingmustbemadewithmaterialsthatarethesameastheoriginal,orareanapprovedsubstitute.Onewaytoensurethatareplacementismadeofthesamematerialistocomparethecodemarkingsonthereplacementtubetothoseontheoriginal.Ifthemanufacturer'smarkingsaredifficultorimpossibletoread,analternativemethodofidentificationmustbeused.第14頁(yè)/共123頁(yè)BasicAircraftSystems—HydraulicSystem

RIGIDFLUIDLINESIdentificationoftubematerialWhilealuminumalloyandsteeltubingarereadilydistinguishedfromoneanother,itisoftendifficulttodeterminewhetheramaterialiscarbonsteelorstainlesssteel,orwhetheritis1100,2024,3003,or5052aluminumalloy.Forthisreason,samplesoftubingcanbetestedforhardness,magneticproperties,andreactiontoconcentratednitricacid.

[Figure10-2]第15頁(yè)/共123頁(yè)BasicAircraftSystems—HydraulicSystem

RIGIDFLUIDLINESIdentificationoftubematerialHardnessistestedbyfilingorscratchingamaterial

withascriber,whereasamagnetdistinguishesbetweenannealedausteniticandferriticstainlesssteels.Typically,theaustenitictypesarenonmagnetic,whereasthestraightchromiumcarbonandlow-alloysteelsarestronglymagnetic.Sincestainlesssteelresistscorrosioncausedbynitricacid,asampleoftubingthatcorrodeswhenacidisappliedisacarbon,nickel,orcopperalloysteel.Nitricacidattacksthesealloysatdifferentratesandyieldsdifferentcolorsinthecorrosionproduct.[Figure10-2]第16頁(yè)/共123頁(yè)第17頁(yè)/共123頁(yè)BasicAircraftSystems—HydraulicSystem

RIGIDFLUIDLINES◎18/10和18/8—不銹鋼,成份是18%的鎘和8%的鎳◎

Monel

—銅-鎳合金鋼第18頁(yè)/共123頁(yè)BasicAircraftSystems—HydraulicSystem

RIGIDFLUIDLINESSIZEDESIGNATIONSThesizeofrigidtubingisdeterminedbyitsoutsidediameterinincrementsof1/16inch.Therefore,a-4"B"nuttubingis4/16or1/4inchindiameter.Atubediameteristypicallyprintedonallrigidtubing.Anotherimportantsizedesignationiswallthickness,sincethisdeterminesatube'sstrength.Liketheoutsidediameter,wallthicknessisgenerallyprintedonthetubeinthousandthsofaninch.第19頁(yè)/共123頁(yè)BasicAircraftSystems—HydraulicSystem

RIGIDFLUIDLINESSIZEDESIGNATIONSOnedimensionthatisnotprintedonrigidtubingistheinsidediameter.However,sincetheoutsidediameterandwallthicknessareindicated,theinsidediameterisdeterminedbysubtractingtwicethewallthicknessfromtheoutsidediameter.Forexample,ifyouhaveapieceof-8tubingwithawallthicknessof0.072inches,youknowtheinsidediameteris.356inches,0.5-(2x.072)=0.356.第20頁(yè)/共123頁(yè)BasicAircraftSystems—HydraulicSystem

RIGIDFLUIDLINESFABRICATINGRIGIDTUBINGWhenitisnecessarytoreplacearigidfluidline,youmayobtainareplacementtubeassemblyfromtheaircraftmanufacturerorfabricateareplacementintheshop.Mostshopshavethenecessarytoolstofabricatereplacementlines,andasatechnicianyoumustbefamiliarwiththeiroperationandlimitations.第21頁(yè)/共123頁(yè)BasicAircraftSystems—HydraulicSystem

RIGIDFLUIDLINESTUBECUTTINGWhencuttinganewpieceoftubing,youshouldalwayscutitapproximately10percentlongerthanthetubebeingreplaced.Thisprovidesamarginofsafetyforminorvariationsinbending.Afterdeterminingthecorrectlength,cutthetubingwitheitherafine-toothhacksaw（細(xì)齒鋼鋸）oraroller-typetubecutter.（輥?zhàn)有颓泄芷鳎?/p>

第22頁(yè)/共123頁(yè)第23頁(yè)/共123頁(yè)第24頁(yè)/共123頁(yè)第25頁(yè)/共123頁(yè)BasicAircraftSystems—HydraulicSystem

RIGIDFLUIDLINESTUBECUTTINGAtubecutterismostoftenusedonsoftmetaltubingsuchascopper,aluminum,oralu-minumalloy.

However,theyarenotsuitableforstainless-steeltubingbecausetheytendtoworkhardenthetube.第26頁(yè)/共123頁(yè)BasicAircraftSystems—HydraulicSystem

RIGIDFLUIDLINESTUBEBENDINGSomeapplicationsrequirerigidlineswithcomplexbendsandcurves.Whenduplicatingtheselines,youmustbeabletoproducebendsthatare75percentoftheoriginaltubediameterandfreeofkinks.Anydeformationinabendaffectstheflowoffluid.第27頁(yè)/共123頁(yè)BasicAircraftSystems—HydraulicSystem

RIGIDFLUIDLINESTUBEBENDINGTubingunder1/4inchmadeofsoftmetalandhav-ingathinwallcanusuallybebentbyhand.Thisisaccomplishedbyusingatightlywoundsteelcoilspringthatfitssnuglyaroundthetubingtokeepit

fromcollapsing.

Inanemergency,atubecanbebentbyfirstpackingitfullofclean,drysand,sealingtheends,andthenmakingthebends.However,whenusingthismethod,itisextremelyimportantthateveryparticleofsandberemovedfromthetubebeforeitisinstalled.第28頁(yè)/共123頁(yè)BasicAircraftSystems—HydraulicSystem

RIGIDFLUIDLINESTUBEBENDINGTubinglargerthan1/4inchindiametertypicallyrequiresbendingtoolstominimizeflatteninganddistortion.Smalldiametertubingofbetween1/4inchand1/2inchcanbebentwithahandbendingtool.ProductionbendingisdonewithatubebendersimilartotheoneillustratedinFigure10-7.第29頁(yè)/共123頁(yè)第30頁(yè)/共123頁(yè)第31頁(yè)/共123頁(yè)第32頁(yè)/共123頁(yè)第33頁(yè)/共123頁(yè)第34頁(yè)/共123頁(yè)第35頁(yè)/共123頁(yè)BasicAircraftSystems—HydraulicSystem

RIGIDFLUIDLINESTUBEFLARING

（管路喇叭口）Muchoftherigidtubingusedinmodernaircraftisconnectedtocomponentsbyflaringthetubeendsandusingflare-typefittings.Aflared-tubefittingconsistsofasleeveandaB-nut.Usingthistypeconnectoreliminatesdamagetotheflarecausedbythewipingorironingaction（摩擦和擠壓）asthenutistightened.Thesleeveprovidesaddedstrengthandsupportsthetubesothatvibrationdoesnotconcentrateattheflare.[Figure10-8]第36頁(yè)/共123頁(yè)第37頁(yè)/共123頁(yè)Fitting第38頁(yè)/共123頁(yè)BasicAircraftSystems—HydraulicSystem

RIGIDFLUIDLINESTUBEFLARING

（管路喇叭口）Thenutfitsoverthesleeveand,whentightened,drawsthesleeveandflaretightlyagainstamalefittingtoformaseal.Theclosefitbetweentheinsideoftheflaredtubeandtheflareconeofthemalefittingprovidestheactualseal.Therefore,thesetwosurfacesmustbeabsolutelycleanandfreeofcracks,nicks,andscratches.Aircraftfittingshaveaflareangleof37degreesandarenotinterchange-ablewithautomotive-typefittings,whichhaveaflareangleof45degrees.

[Figure10-8]第39頁(yè)/共123頁(yè)第40頁(yè)/共123頁(yè)第41頁(yè)/共123頁(yè)第42頁(yè)/共123頁(yè)BasicAircraftSystems—HydraulicSystem

RIGIDFLUIDLINESTUBEFLARING

（管路喇叭口）TherearetwotypesofflaresusedinaircraftplumbingSystems

（管道系統(tǒng)）：

1.

singleflare2.doubleflareAs

discussed,theflareprovidesthesealingsurfaceandissubjecttoextremelyhighpressures.Becauseof

this,flaresmustbeproperlyformedtopreventleaksorfailures.[Figure10-9]

第43頁(yè)/共123頁(yè)第44頁(yè)/共123頁(yè)第45頁(yè)/共123頁(yè)第46頁(yè)/共123頁(yè)BasicAircraftSystems—HydraulicSystem

RIGIDFLUIDLINESTUBEFLARINGInstructionsforRolling-TypeFlaringTools1.Usethesetoolsonlytoflaresoftcopper,aluminum,andbrasstubing.2.Donotusewithcorrosionresistantsteelortitanium.

3.Cutthetubesquarelyandremoveallburrs.Slipthefittingnutandsleeveonthetube.4.Loosenclampingscrewusedforlockingtheslidingsegmentinthedieholder.Thiswillpermittheirseparation.第47頁(yè)/共123頁(yè)BasicAircraftSystems—HydraulicSystem

RIGIDFLUIDLINESTUBEFLARINGInstructionsforRolling-TypeFlaringTools5.Thetoolsareself-gauging;thepropersizeflareisproducedwhentubingisclampedflushwiththetopofthedieblock.6.Inserttubingbetweenthesegmentsofthedieblockthatcorrespondtothesizeofthetubingtobeflared.Advancetheclampscrewagainsttheendsegmentandtightenfirmly.7.Movetheyokedownoverthetopofthedieholderandtwistitclockwisetolockitintoposition.第48頁(yè)/共123頁(yè)BasicAircraftSystems—HydraulicSystem

RIGIDFLUIDLINESTUBEFLARINGInstructionsforRolling-TypeFlaringTools8.Turnthefeedscrewdownfirmly,andcontinueuntilaslightresistanceisfelt.Thisindicatesanaccurateflarehasbeencompleted.

9.Alwaysreadthetoolmanufacturer’sinstructions,becausethereareseveraldifferenttypesofrolling-typeflaringtoolsthatuseslightlydifferentprocedures.第49頁(yè)/共123頁(yè)第50頁(yè)/共123頁(yè)BasicAircraftSystems—HydraulicSystem

RIGIDFLUIDLINESTUBEFLARINGAflarewhichismadetoosmallproducesaweakjoint,andmayleakorpullapart.Ontheotherhand,ifaflareistoolargeitmayinterferewiththeinstallationofthenutandresultinleakage.Ineithercase,ifafittingleakswhenproperlytorqued,youshouldinspecttheflareandfittingcomponentsforpropermanufactureandassembly.Donotovertightenaleakyfitting.第51頁(yè)/共123頁(yè)第52頁(yè)/共123頁(yè)第53頁(yè)/共123頁(yè)第54頁(yè)/共123頁(yè)BasicAircraftSystems—HydraulicSystem

RIGIDFLUIDLINESDOUBLEFLARINGSoftaluminumtubingwithanoutsidediameterof3/8inchorsmallercanbedouble-flaredtoprovideastrongerconnection.Adoubleflareissmootherandmoreconcentricthanasingleflareand,there-fore,providesabetterseal.Furthermore,adoubleflareismoredurableandresistanttotheshearingeffectoftorque.[Figure10-13]第55頁(yè)/共123頁(yè)BasicAircraftSystems—HydraulicSystem

RIGIDFLUIDLINESDOUBLEFLARING1.Todouble-flareapieceoftubing,cutitoffinthesamemannerasasingle-flare,removeallburrs,andpolishtheend.2.Next,insertthetubingintotheflaringdietothedepthallowedbythestoppinandthenclampthedies.3.Inserttheupsettingtoolintothedieand,withasfewblowsofahammeraspossible,upset（鐓鍛）thetubing.4.Oncetheflareisstarted,inserttheflaringtoolandstrikeitwithahammertofoldthemetaldownintothetubingandformthedoubleflare.第56頁(yè)/共123頁(yè)BasicAircraftSystems—HydraulicSystem

RIGIDFLUIDLINESPresettingofFlarelessFittingAlthoughtheuseofflarelesstubefittingseliminatesalltubeflaring,anotheroperation,referredtoaspresetting,is

necessarypriortoinstallationofanewflarelesstube

assembly.Flareless

tubeassembliesshouldbepresetwiththeproper

sizepresettingtooloroperation.第57頁(yè)/共123頁(yè)第58頁(yè)/共123頁(yè)BasicAircraftSystems—HydraulicSystem

RIGIDFLUIDLINESPresettingofFlarelessFittingFigure.7-11(steps1,2,and3)illustratesthepresettingoperation,whichisperformedasfollows:1.Cutthetubetothecorrectlength,withtheendsperfectlysquare.Deburrtheinsideandoutsideofthetube.2.Slipthenut,thenthesleeve,overthetube(step1),lubricatethethreadsofthefittingandnutwithhydraulicfluid.第59頁(yè)/共123頁(yè)BasicAircraftSystems—HydraulicSystem

RIGIDFLUIDLINESPresettingofFlarelessFittingFigure.7-11(steps1,2,and3)illustratesthepresettingoperation,whichisperformedasfollows:3.Placethefittinginavise(step2),andholdthetubingfirmlyandsquarelyontheseatinthefitting.(Thetubemustbottomfirmlyinthefitting.)Tightenthenutuntilthecuttingedgeofthesleevegripsthetube.4.Todeterminethispoint,slowlyturnthetubebackandforthwhiletighteningthenut.Whenthetubenolongerturns,thenutisreadyfortightening.第60頁(yè)/共123頁(yè)第61頁(yè)/共123頁(yè)第62頁(yè)/共123頁(yè)BasicAircraftSystems—HydraulicSystem

RIGIDFLUIDLINESPresettingofFlarelessFittingFinaltighteningdependsuponthetubing(step3).Foraluminumalloytubinguptoandincluding1?2"outsidediameter,tightenthenutfrom1to11?6turns.Forsteeltubingandaluminumalloytubingover1?2"outsidediameter,tightenfrom11?6to11?2turns.第63頁(yè)/共123頁(yè)BasicAircraftSystems—HydraulicSystem

RIGIDFLUIDLINESInspectionofFlarelessFittingAfterpresettingthesleeve,disconnectthetubingfromthefittingandcheckthefollowingpoints:1.Thetubeshouldextend3?32“to1?8”beyondthesleevepilot;otherwise,blowoffmayoccur.2.Thesleevepilot（導(dǎo)向套筒）shouldcontactthetubeorhaveamaximumclearanceof0.005“foraluminumalloytubingor0.015”forsteeltubing.3.Aslightcollapseofthetubeatthesleevecutispermissible.Nomovementofthesleevepilot,exceptrotation,ispermissible.第64頁(yè)/共123頁(yè)BasicAircraftSystems—HydraulicSystem

RIGIDFLUIDLINESFluidLineIdentification※Fluidlinesinaircraftareoftenidentifiedbymarkersmadeupofcolorcodes,words,andgeometricsymbols.※Thesemarkersidentifyeachline’sfunction,content,andprimaryhazard.Figure7-13illustratesthevariouscolorcodesandsymbolsusedtodesignatethetypeofsystemanditscontents.第65頁(yè)/共123頁(yè)第66頁(yè)/共123頁(yè)第67頁(yè)/共123頁(yè)第68頁(yè)/共123頁(yè)BasicAircraftSystems—HydraulicSystem

RIGIDFLUIDLINESFluidLineIdentificationFluidlinesaremarked,inmostinstanceswith1"tapeordecals,asshowninFigure7-14(A).Onlines4"indiameter(orlarger),linesinoilyenvironment,hotlines,andonsomecoldlines,steeltagsmaybeusedinplaceoftapeordecals,asshowninFigure7-14(B).Paintisusedonlinesinenginecompartments,wherethereisthepossibilityoftapes,decals,ortagsbeingdrawnintotheengineinductionsystem.第69頁(yè)/共123頁(yè)BasicAircraftSystems—HydraulicSystem

RIGIDFLUIDLINESFluidLineIdentificationInadditiontotheabove-mentionedmarkings,certainlinesmaybefurtheridentifiedregardingspecificfunctionwithinasystem;forexample,drain,vent,pressure,orreturn.LinesconveyingfuelmaybemarkedFLAM.linescontainingtoxicmaterialsaremarkedTOXICinplaceofFLAM.Linescontainingphysicallydangerous.第70頁(yè)/共123頁(yè)Figure10-23.Tohelpabsorbthestresscausedbyvibration,tubingshouldhaveatleastonebend.第71頁(yè)/共123頁(yè)BasicAircraftSystems—HydraulicSystem

RIGIDFLUIDLINESRigidTubingInstallationandInspectionBeforeinstallingalineassemblyinanaircraft,inspectthelinecarefully.Removedents（凹痕）andscratches,andbesureallnutsandsleevesaresnuglymatedandsecurelyfittedbyproperflaringofthetubing.Thelineassemblyshouldbecleanandfreeofallforeignmatter.第72頁(yè)/共123頁(yè)BasicAircraftSystems—HydraulicSystem

RIGIDFLUIDLINESConnectionandTorqueNeverapplycompoundtothefacesofthefittingortheflare,foritwilldestroythemetal-to-metalcontactbetweenthefittingandflare,acontactwhichisnecessarytoproducetheseal.Besurethatthelineassemblyisproperlyalignedbeforetighteningthefittings.第73頁(yè)/共123頁(yè)BasicAircraftSystems—HydraulicSystem

RIGIDFLUIDLINESConnectionandTorqueDonotpulltheinstallationintoplacewithtorqueonthenut.CorrectandincorrectmethodsofinstallingflaredtubeassembliesareillustratedinFigure7-22.PropertorquevaluesaregiveninTable7-2.Rememberthatthesetorquevaluesareforflared-typefittingsonly.第74頁(yè)/共123頁(yè)BasicAircraftSystems—HydraulicSystem

RIGIDFLUIDLINESConnectionandTorqueAlwaystightenfittingstothecorrecttorquevaluewheninstallingatubeassembly.Overtighteningafittingmaybadlydamageorcompletelycutoffthetubeflare,oritmayruinthesleeveorfittingnut.Failuretotightensufficientlyalsomaybeserious,asthisconditionmayallowthelinetoblowoutoftheassemblyortoleakundersystempressure.第75頁(yè)/共123頁(yè)BasicAircraftSystems—HydraulicSystem

RIGIDFLUIDLINESConnectionandTorqueTheuseoftorquewrenchesandtheprescribedtorquevaluespreventsovertighteningorundertightening.Ifatubefittingassemblyistightenedproperly,itmayberemovedandretightenedmanytimesbeforereflaringisnecessary.第76頁(yè)/共123頁(yè)第77頁(yè)/共123頁(yè)第78頁(yè)/共123頁(yè)第79頁(yè)/共123頁(yè)第80頁(yè)/共123頁(yè)第81頁(yè)/共123頁(yè)第82頁(yè)/共123頁(yè)BasicAircraftSystems—HydraulicSystem

FlexibleHoseFluidLinesFlexiblehoseisusedinaircraftfluidsystemstoconnectmovingpartswithstationarypartsinlocationssubjecttovibrationorwhereagreatamountofflexibilityisneeded.Itcanalsoserveasaconnectorinmetaltubingsystems.第83頁(yè)/共123頁(yè)BasicAircraftSystems—HydraulicSystem

FlexibleHoseFluidLinesHoseMaterialsandConstructionPurerubberisneverusedintheconstructionofflexiblefluidlines.Tomeettherequirementsofstrength,durability,andworkability,amongotherfactors,syntheticsareusedinplaceofpurerubber.SyntheticmaterialsmostcommonlyusedinthemanufactureofflexiblehoseareBuna-N,neoprene,butyl,ethylenepropylenedienerubber(EPDM三元乙丙橡膠)andTeflon?.第84頁(yè)/共123頁(yè)BasicAircraftSystems—HydraulicSystem

FlexibleHoseFluidLinesWhileTeflon?isinacategoryofitsown,theothersaresyntheticrubber.Buna-N（丁晴橡膠）isasyntheticrubbercompoundwhichhasexcellentresistancetopetroleumproducts.DonotconfusewithBuna-S.（丁苯橡膠）Donotuseforphosphateesterbasehydraulicfluid(Skydrol).第85頁(yè)/共123頁(yè)BasicAircraftSystems—HydraulicSystem

FlexibleHoseFluidLinesNeopreneisasyntheticrubbercompoundwhichhasanacetylene（乙炔）base.ItsresistancetopetroleumproductsisnotasgoodasBuna-N,butithasbetterabrasiveresistance.Donotuseforphosphateesterbasehydraulicfluid(Skydrol).Butyl（丁基合成橡膠）isasyntheticrubbercompoundmadefrompetroleumrawmaterials.Itisanexcellentmaterialtousewithphosphateesterbasehydraulicfluid(Skydrol).Donotusewithpetroleumproducts.第86頁(yè)/共123頁(yè)BasicAircraftSystems—HydraulicSystem

FlexibleHoseFluidLinesFlexiblerubberhoseconsistsof:1.

Aseamlesssyntheticrubberinnertubecoveredwithlayersofcottonbraidandwirebraid.2.

Anouterlayerofrubber-impregnatedcottonbraid.Thistypeofhoseissuitableforuseinfuel,oil,coolant,andhydraulicsystems.Thetypesofhosearenormallyclassifiedbytheamountofpressuretheyaredesignedtowithstandundernormaloperatingconditions.第87頁(yè)/共123頁(yè)BasicAircraftSystems—HydraulicSystem

FlexibleHoseFluidLinesLow,Medium,andHighPressureHoses?Lowpressure—below250psi.Fabricbraidreinforcement.?Mediumpressure—upto3,000psi.Onewirebraidreinforcement.Smallersizescarryupto3,000psi.Largersizescarrypressureupto1,500psi.?Highpressure—allsizesupto3,000psioperatingpressures.第88頁(yè)/共123頁(yè)BasicAircraftSystems—HydraulicSystem

FlexibleHoseFluidLinesHoseIdentificationLaylinesandidentificationmarkingsconsistingoflines,letters,andnumbersareprintedonthehose.[Figure7-26]Mosthydraulichoseismarkedtoidentifyitstype,thequarterandyearofmanufacture,anda5-digitcodeidentifyingthemanufacturer.Thesemarkingsareincontrastingcoloredlettersandnumeralswhichindicatethenaturallay(notwist)ofthehoseandarerepeatedatintervalsofnotmorethan9inchesalongthelengthofthehose.

第89頁(yè)/共123頁(yè)BasicAircraftSystems—HydraulicSystem

FlexibleHoseFluidLinesHoseIdentificationCodemarkingsassistinreplacingahosewithoneofthesamespecificationsorarecommendedsubstitute.HosesuitableforusewithphosphateesterbasehydraulicfluidwillbemarkedSkydroluse.Insomeinstances,severaltypesofhosemaybesuitableforthesameuse.Therefore,tomakethecorrecthoseselection,alwaysrefertotheapplicableaircraftmaintenanceorpartsmanual.第90頁(yè)/共123頁(yè)BasicAircraftSystems—HydraulicSystem

FlexibleHoseFluidLinesFabricationandReplacementofFlexibleHose（omitted）第91頁(yè)/共123頁(yè)第92頁(yè)/共123頁(yè)第93頁(yè)/共123頁(yè)第94頁(yè)/共123頁(yè)第95頁(yè)/共123頁(yè)第96頁(yè)/共123頁(yè)BasicAircraftSystems—HydraulicSystem

RIGIDFLUIDLINESFITTINGSFittingsattachonepieceoftubingtoanother,ortosystemunits.Therearefourtypes:(1)beadandclamp,(2)flaredfittings,(3)flarelessfittings(4)permanentfittings(Permaswage?,Permalite?,andCyrofit?).Theamountofpressurethatthesystemcarriesandthematerialusedareusuallythedecidingfactorsinselectingaconnector.第97頁(yè)/共123頁(yè)第98頁(yè)/共123頁(yè)第99頁(yè)/共123頁(yè)BasicAircraftSystems—HydraulicSystem

RIGIDFLUIDLINESFITTINGSThebeadedtypeoffitting,whichrequiresabeadandasectionofhoseandhoseclamps,isusedonlyinlow-ormedium-pressuresystems,suchasvacuumandcoolantsystems.Theflared,flareless,orpermanenttypefittingsmaybeusedasconnectorsinallsystems,regardlessofthepressure.第100頁(yè)/共123頁(yè)BasicAircraftSystems—HydraulicSystem

RIGIDFLUIDLINESFLAREDTUBEFITTINGSFlaredfittingsareidentifiedbyeitheranANorMSnumber.However,priortoWorldWarIIfittingsweremadetoanACstandard.SinceACfittingsarestillusedinsomeolderaircraft,itisimportantthatyoubeabletoidentifythedifferencesinfittings.第101頁(yè)/共123頁(yè)BasicAircraftSystems—HydraulicSystem

RIGIDFLUIDLINESFLAREDTUBEFITTINGSForexample,anANfittinghasashoulderbetweenthe

endofthethreadsandtheflarecone.TheACfittingdoesnothavethisshoulder.AnotherdifferencebetweenACandANfittingsincludesthesleevedesign.TheANsleeveisnoticeablylongerthantheACsleeveofthesamesize.[Figure10-15]第102頁(yè)/共123頁(yè)第103頁(yè)/共123頁(yè)第104頁(yè)/共123頁(yè)

45degrees37degrees第105頁(yè)/共123頁(yè)BasicAircraftSystems—HydraulicSystem

RIGIDFLUIDLINESFlared-tubefittingsaremadeofaluminumalloy,steel,