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專八改錯(cuò)講解改錯(cuò)文章統(tǒng)計(jì)分析.內(nèi)容:人文類學(xué)術(shù)書籍或期刊雜志(歷史政治語(yǔ)言教育),特別是語(yǔ)言類為主.篇幅:200詞左右.結(jié)構(gòu):一般是總分結(jié)構(gòu)1)總:文章主題一般在首句2)分:兩條線索一對(duì)立和順承改錯(cuò)答案統(tǒng)計(jì)分析.從錯(cuò)詞詞類上看,分布比較均勻,英語(yǔ)八大詞類中均有涉及,具體來(lái)說(shuō):每年涉及至少5種詞類的修改;動(dòng)詞每年有一個(gè);形容詞副詞每年有一個(gè);冠詞代詞每年有一個(gè).從修改方法上看,每年10道改錯(cuò)題呈6,7---1,2---1,2的分值分布,即,修改單詞6-7個(gè),增加單詞1-2個(gè),刪除單詞1-2個(gè)一、考查什么?重點(diǎn)在于語(yǔ)言的運(yùn)用.語(yǔ)法知識(shí)冠詞、介詞、代詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、形容詞與副詞非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(v-ing,v-ed)定語(yǔ)從句虛擬語(yǔ)氣.詞匯與搭配各類詞性+詞匯搭配與用法;靈活運(yùn)用outerspacevs.outspaceperformanactvs.makeanactPosturevs.postgettotheirfeetvs.getontheirfeetInaveragevs.onaverage.篇章結(jié)構(gòu)改錯(cuò)旨在測(cè)試在具體語(yǔ)境或上下文中使用語(yǔ)法或詞匯的能力(esp句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系)具體語(yǔ)境或上下文:一篇200字左右的短文10個(gè)左右、意義上相關(guān)聯(lián)的句子一跳出單句的框架,從語(yǔ)段(表達(dá)一相關(guān)層次意思的句子組合)的角度來(lái)進(jìn)行判斷句內(nèi)錯(cuò)誤+句間錯(cuò)誤(尤其是表邏輯關(guān)系的連詞)二、常見錯(cuò)誤類型:.短語(yǔ)搭配錯(cuò)誤.易混詞錯(cuò)誤.邏輯關(guān)系錯(cuò)誤.代詞錯(cuò)誤(一致錯(cuò)誤).冠詞錯(cuò)誤.形容詞和副詞使用錯(cuò)誤.成分殘缺或冗余.動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)或語(yǔ)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤.短語(yǔ)搭配錯(cuò)誤(esp介詞錯(cuò)誤)toletaloneinreturntotheneedofsubstituteAwithBaccount70%underthegroundsof/thatattitudeonlifeinaquickspeedwithmanyrespectsatthefaceofconsiderationsto…becomevictimsof…rideinatrainresistiveagainstresistanceofembarksthinlinetotakeprideofshedlighttosthinproportionwithbecontrastedtomoderntimeabilityof(doing)sthatthefirstplacebesuccessfulondoingapproachtodo…onone,s30sdifferAfromBvaryby.易混詞錯(cuò)誤(1)形近異義詞imaginative-imaginaryadapt-adopt

confirm-conformformer-formaldiary-dairypersonal-personnelbeside-besidesprincipal-principleconscious-conscientiousstationary-stationeryconsiderate-considerableaffect-effectcontact-contractmoral-moraleindustrious-industrialdesert-dessertrequire-acquire-inquiresensible-sensitivetransformation-transmissiontense-tensioncooker-cookcomplexity-complexinsurance-assuranceprovide-provided/providingperceive-conceive⑵形近(形異)近義詞latter-laterlate-latestfarther-furthereffective-efficientrespectable-respectfulhistoric-historicalrise-arise-raise-arousesure-insure-ensure-assureproducing-productivelonely-aloneacross-crossimpressed--impressivememorizing-memorablenormal-norm favorite-favorableacceptability-acceptanceeconomical-economic(a)few-(a)littleinvent-discoverbefore-agoanother-otherreward-award⑶兼有兩種形式的副詞firstly-firsthardly-hardlate-latelyhigh-highlywide-widelyclose-closelydeep-deeplyclear(完全地、徑直地)-clearly(顯然、清楚地)-objective

employer-objective

employerwith-withoutpossible-impossiblesubjectiveimport-export better-worse employee-employment-unemploymentmodifiable-unmodifiablenatural-unnaturaldiscernable-indiscernablelend-borrow exclusive-inclusiveindependency-dependencywilling-unwillingnothingmorethan-nothinglessthanagree-disagreeless-more(stillmore-stillless)most-leastknown-unknownrespective-irrespectivemajority-minority

resultin-resultin-resultfrompowerful-powerlessprofessional-amateurinclude-excludefortunately--unfortunately

easiness-uneasinessaware-unaware⑸名詞單復(fù)數(shù)異義moral-moralswater-waterssand-sandsmanner-mannerswood-woodspaper-paperssaving-savingstime-times mean(n.平均值)-means(方法)注:bacterium-bacteriamedium-mediacriterion-criteria(6)易混短語(yǔ)livewith-livebytendto-intendtonextweek-thenextweekspend…indoingsth-spend…onsthdieof-diefromratherthan-otherthanhavesbdosth-havesthdone takeon-goontakeplace-taketheplaceof consistin-consistofinall-afterallinreturn-inturnonereasonfor+短語(yǔ)-onereasonwhy+句子bringout-bringup apply…to-applyfor.邏輯關(guān)系錯(cuò)誤(連詞使用錯(cuò)誤)therefore-nevertheless/however(大部分therefore都要改為however,反之亦然)and-but/whileor-andafter-beforesince-although thereisno…一thereisalso?…that-if fromnowon-fromthenonall-noneif-unlessbesides-excepttherefore-becauseso-becausesodoeshe…-neither/nordoeshe…asif-evenifwhether-ifThat,swhy+結(jié)果-that,sbecause+原因.代詞錯(cuò)誤(一致錯(cuò)誤)their-itsthat-thosewhich-whatwhich-that(有些情況下關(guān)系代詞只能用that)it-itself(主賓相同,賓語(yǔ)用反身代詞)that/this-it(只有it可作形式主語(yǔ))his-one/s(泛指時(shí)用one)you-yourselfit-theythis-suchXXislesssophisticatedthanwhattheyaretoday-XXislesssophisticatedthantheyaretoday.冠詞錯(cuò)誤(1)定冠詞多余ontheeitherside->oneithersideintheEurope->inEuropeinthewinter->inwinterKaufman,the/anauthorofarecentbook-Kaufman,authorofarecentbook(同位語(yǔ)間完全對(duì)等關(guān)系,不必使用冠詞)taketheissue->takeissue(對(duì)…持異議,不同意)⑵定冠詞缺漏amongmost->amongthemostoneoffirst->oneofthefirstatmosphere->theatmosphere(獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物,如:theworld,theEquator,theOuterspace)betweenusandrest->betweenusandtherestinminority->intheminorityplaypiano->playthepiano(西洋樂器的前面要有定冠詞)Englishlanguage->theEnglishlanguageatheartof->attheheartofinlongrun->inthelongrun注意以下短語(yǔ)的區(qū)別(抽象vs.具體)inchurch-inthechurchatcollege-atthecollegeincourt-inthecourtinhospital-inthehospitalinoffice-intheofficeinprison-intheprisonatsea-attheseainschool-intheschoolattable-atthetable.形容詞與副詞使用錯(cuò)誤bewellequippedas->beaswellequippedasheavyindustrialized->heavily-industrializedkeepthenumberconstantly->keepnumberconstantfeelhopelessthwarted->feelhopelesslythwartedcomparativehighproportion->comparativelyhighproportion(quakes)startdeeplyintheearth->startdeepintheearthinthepassed5years->inthepast5yearscultureembeddedattitudes->culturallyembeddedattitudesfromonemeterafar->fromonemeterawayincreasing->increasinglysimple->simply.成分殘缺或多余(單復(fù)數(shù)錯(cuò)誤)aworldwhichIcouldget…->aworldinwhichIcouldget…shows->thatshows(先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ),關(guān)系代詞不可省略)takeforgrantedthat->takeitforgratedthat1980-1980soneofthemostglaringform->oneofthemistglaringformsworksth->workoutsthbelievein-believepointsth->pointoutsth20percents->20percenteyescontact->eyecontactseven-sevenththeprocesswhichitfunction->theprocessbywhichitfunctioncommunicationservice->communicationsservice(通信服務(wù)、通訊服務(wù))averageincomes->averageincomethelikeof->thelikesofbereferredtoXX->bereferredtoasXXbeviewedasworkofart->beviewedasaworkofart.

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