2019年高二英語人教版選修六講義：Unit5SectionⅢGrammar-動詞ing形式作狀語

SectionIffGrammar 動詞-ing形式作狀語語法突然/［語法初識］原句感知自主探究①Seeingfromthetopofthehill,Icouldseeabeautifulcity.Nothavingfinishedhishomework,theboywasnotallowedtowatchTVplay.Beingtired,Istoppedtotakearest.④Hesentmeane-mail,hopingtogetfurtherinformation.?Turningtotheleft,youwillfindtheschool.Havingbeentoldmanytimes,hestillmadethesamemistake.?Thoughhehadbeentoldmanytimes,hestillmadethesamemistake.⑧Itrainedheavily,causingseverefloodinginthearea.⑴①句中的現(xiàn)在分詞短語在句中作時間_狀語。(2)句②和句⑥中的現(xiàn)在分詞短語使用完成時，原因是分詞短語所表示的動作先于句子的謂語動作發(fā)生。(3)③、④、⑤、⑥、⑧句中的現(xiàn)在分詞短語分別在句中作原因狀語；伴隨情況或方式狀語；條件狀語;讓步狀語;結(jié)果狀語。(4)比較⑥、⑦句，分詞短語與狀語從句的最大區(qū)別是句中是否有連詞。［語法剖析］語法點一動詞-ing形式的語態(tài)及意義動詞形式意義以do為例一般式doing主動式doing與句子主語之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，且與謂語動作同時發(fā)生，或幾乎同時發(fā)生。被動式beingdone與句子主語之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，且與謂語動作同時發(fā)生，或幾乎同時發(fā)生。完成式havingdone主動式havingdone與句子主語之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，且先于謂語動作發(fā)生。被動式havingbeendone與句子主語之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，且先于謂語動作發(fā)生。Hearingthenews,theyimmediatelysetoff.聽到這個消息，他們立即出發(fā)了。Havingwrittenaletter,Ilistenedtomusicforawhile.寫完信后，我聽了一會兒音樂。Havingbeeninvitedtotheparty,Tomwasveryhappy.被邀請參加聚會，湯姆很高興。語法點二動詞-ing形式的否定式分詞的否定形式是在分詞(短語)前面加上not，never等否定詞。Notfearingthefire,thechildtouchedandgotafingerburnt.小孩兒不知道怕火，用手去摸，把手指燙了。即時演練1單句語法填空①Hesatatthedesk,reading(read)anewspaper.②Following(follow)him,westartedtoclimb.③Havingbeentold(tell)theanswerseveraltimes,hestillcouldn'tanswerthequestion.④Not_having_received(notreceive)mymother,sletter,Iwrotetoheragain.⑤Beingasked(ask)togiveaperformance,theyarebusypreparingforit.語法點三動詞-ing形式作狀語動詞的-ing形式作狀語可以表示時間、原因、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、方式或伴隨等情況。.時間狀語動詞-ing形式作時間狀語，相當(dāng)于一個時間狀語從句，所表示的動作與主句的動作一般同時發(fā)生，有時可由連詞when,while引出。Seeingthosepictures,sherememberedherchildhood.看到那些畫，她想起了她的童年。Whenreadingthenewspaper,Iheardthedoorbellring.看報紙時我聽見門鈴響了。.原因狀語可以與as/sincebecause等引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句互換。Notknowinghowtosolvetheproblem(=Becausehedidn,tknowhowtosolvetheproblem),heturnedtohisfatherforhelp.因為不知道怎么解決這個問題，他向父親求助。Beingill(=Becausehewasill),hewassenttohospital.由于生病，他被送到了醫(yī)院。.條件狀語可以與if/unless等引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句或所使句+and/or+陳述句”轉(zhuǎn)換。Usingyourhead,you,llhaveagoodidea.=Ifyouuseyourhead,you,llhaveagoodidea.=Useyourheadandyou,llhaveagoodidea.如果你動動腦筋，你就會想出好辦法來。.伴隨狀語不可以轉(zhuǎn)換成從句，但可以轉(zhuǎn)換成并列句。Hesentmeane-mail,hopingtogetfurtherinformation.=Hesentmeane-mail,and(he)hopedtogetfurtherinformation.他給我發(fā)了封電子郵件，希望得到更多的消息。.結(jié)果狀語可以與so...that...引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句相互轉(zhuǎn)換，有時也可以轉(zhuǎn)換成非限制性定語從句。Thetrainwascaughtinheavysnow,thuscausingthedelay.=Thetrainwascaughtinheavysnow,whichcausedthedelay.火車遇上了大雪，因此造成了耽擱。.方式狀語Travellingbycar,wevisitedmanyplaces.我們乘車游覽了許多地方。.讓步狀語可以與though/eventhough引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句互換。Admittingwhatshesaid(=AlthoughIadmitwhatshesaid),Istillthinkshehasn,ttriedherbest.盡管承認(rèn)她所說的話，但我仍然認(rèn)為她沒有盡最大的努力。即時演練2句型轉(zhuǎn)換Whentheyheardtheirteacher,svoice,thepupilsstoppedtalkingatonce.—Hearingtheirteacher,svoice,thepupilsstoppedtalkingatonce.Becausehewasill,hedidn'tgotoschool.—Beingill,hedidn'tgotoschool.Ifyoutakethepaththatleadsoutofthetown,youwillcometoalake.-Takingthepaththatleadsoutofthetown,youwillcometoalake.?Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries,makingitthemostpopularsportintheworld.3-Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries,whichmakesitthemostpopularsportintheworld.?Althoughtheyknewallthis,theymademepayforthedamage.-Knowingallthis,theymademepayforthedamage.⑥Shecameintothehouse,andcarriedalotofbooks.-Shecameintothehouse,carryingalotofbooks.語法點四動詞-ing形式作狀語的注意事項1.邏輯主語動詞-ing形式作狀語，其邏輯主語一般就是句子的主語，它們之間是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。Beingill,hedidn’tattendthemeeting.因為生病，他沒有出席會議。（he與beingill之間是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系一Hewasill.）.獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)有時現(xiàn)在分詞有自己的邏輯主語，這時其邏輯主語相對于句子的主語來說是獨立的，因此又叫獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，構(gòu)成形式是“名詞/代詞+v.-ing”。Shebeingill,hermotherhadtolookafterherathome.她生病了，母親不得不在家照顧她。Theprofessorbeingabsent,thelecturehadtobeputoff.教授缺席了，演講不得不推遲。Timepermitting,wewillansweryourquestionsafterthediscussion.如果時間允許的話，討論之后我們會回答你的問題。.獨立成分作狀語有些動詞-ing形式作狀語在句中沒有邏輯上的主語而獨立存在，其形式的選擇不受上下文的影響，表明說話者的態(tài)度、觀點等，被稱為評論性狀語。常見的有：generallyspeaking 一般說來strictlyspeaking 嚴(yán)格說來judgingfrom/by 根據(jù) 來判斷considering.../oconsideration考慮至Usupposing 假設(shè)；如果providing 如果assuming 假使saving 除了；除非Judgingfrom/byheraccent,shemustcomefromArabiancountries.聽她的口音，她一定來自阿拉伯國家。.連詞+現(xiàn)在分詞由when/while/after/before/if/though/unless/asif等引導(dǎo)的狀語從句的主語與主句的主語一致時，如果從句的謂語動詞是主動語態(tài)，則可以省略從句的主語，而保留原連詞，形成“連詞+現(xiàn)在分詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)形式。Thoughlackingmoney(=Thoughtheylackedmoney),hisparentsmanagedtosendhimtouniversity.盡管他父母缺錢，但是他們還是設(shè)法把他送去上大學(xué)了。即時演練3(1)單句改錯Havingbeentoldmanytimes,buthestilldidn'tobeytherule.去掉butJudgedfromwhathesaid,hewasn,tsatisfiedwithmywork.Judged-JudgingThetrainhavinggone,sowehadtowaitanotherday去掉so(2)句型轉(zhuǎn)換Ifitissunny,we’llgoforapicnictomorrow.-Itbeingsunny,we’llgoforapicnictomorrow.AfterIhadfinishedmywork,Iwenthome.-Havingfinishedmywork,Iwenthome.?BecauseMr.Brownhadnotbeeninvitedtotheparty,hedecidedtotreathimselftoamovie.-Nothavingbeeninvitedtotheparty,Mr.Browndecidedtotreathimselftoamovie.［鏈接高考］單句語法填空(2017-天津高考)Thehospitalhasrecentlyobtainednewmedicalequipment,allowing(allow)morepatientstobetreated.解析：句意：近期這個醫(yī)院得到了新的醫(yī)療設(shè)備，更多的病人能夠得到治療。前句這個醫(yī)院得到了新的醫(yī)療設(shè)備和后面更多的病人能夠得到治療之間是必然的因果關(guān)系用現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語，表示順理成章的結(jié)果。equipment與allow之間為主動關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞的一般式。(2016?北京高考)Newly-builtwoodencottageslinethestreet,turning(turn)theoldtownintoadreamland.解析：句意：新建的小木屋排列在街道兩邊，使這個古鎮(zhèn)變成了夢幻的世界。句中已經(jīng)有謂語動詞且前后句間沒有連詞連接，故要用非謂語動詞。動詞turn與其邏輯主語之間為主動關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語。(2016-天津高考)Thecoolingwindsweptthroughourbedroomwindow,making(make)airconditioningunnecessary.解析：句意：涼風(fēng)通過我們臥室的窗戶吹進來，沒有必要開空調(diào)。空處在句中作結(jié)果狀語，表示自然而然的結(jié)果，且與句子主語之間為主動關(guān)系，古攵應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞。(2015-天津高考)Havingworked(work)fortwodays,Stevemanagedtofinishhisreportonschedule.解析：句意：工作了兩天，史蒂夫如期完成了報告。分析句子可知是先工作了兩天，才如期完成了報告，work這個動作先于主句動作發(fā)生，故用havingdone形式。［針對演練］I.單句語法填空Thekidsstayedonthefarmforaboutaweek,helping(help)theirunclegetinwheat.Rushing(rush)in,RobertfromtheUnitedStatesalmostknockedintome.Mostdepartmentsmovedoutofthecastletootherlocations,leaving(leave)manybuildingsempty.Havingstayed(stay)atthefive-starhotelbefore,webookedtworoomsthereonceagain.Weatherpermitting(permit),IwillgofishingwithmyfatherthisSunday.Havingraised(raised)5,000dollars,thegirlandherparentsdonatedittotheRedCross.Heglancedather,noting(note)thatthoughshewastiny,sheseemedverywell.Hearing(hear)thecryforhelp,peopleimmediatelyrushedoutoftherooms.Notmastering(notmaster)thewaytostudy,Igotabadresult.Nothavingbeenrepaired(notrepair)foralongtime,themachinegaveoutastrangenoise.II.用現(xiàn)在分詞或現(xiàn)在分詞完成式形式改寫句子。AlthoughBoblackedexperience,hedidthejobwell.fLackingexperience,Bobdidthejobwell.Afterhesaidthosewords,hesuddenlyrealizedhehadmadeamistake.fHavingsaidthosewords,hesuddenlyrealizedhehadmadeamistake.Whenheworkedinthefast-foodrestaurant,Jacklearnedalot.fWorkinginthefast-foodrestaurant,Jacklearneda10t.Sheexperiencedanearthquakebefore,soSusandidn'tfeelfrightenedthistime.fHavingexperiencedanearthquakebefore,Susandidn'tfeelfrightenedthistime.Whenwewalkedinthepark,wesawseveralwhitebirdsinthepond.fWalkinginthepark,wesawseveralwhitebirdsinthepond.Thegirlstoodthere,andshelookedveryconfused.fThe_girl_stood_there,」ooking_veryconfused.BecauseitwasSunday,wewenttochurch.fItbeingSunday,wewenttoch