2016年國科大英語博士研究生考試試題

2016年中國科學院大學英語博士研究生考試試題(樣題)SAMPLETESTUNIVERSITYOFCHINESEACADEMYOFSCIENCESENGLISHENTRANCEEXAMINATIONFORDOCTORALCANDIDATESPAPERONEPARTIVOCABULARY(15minutes，10points,0.5pointeach)Directions：Choosethewordorexpressionbeloweachsentencethatbestcompletesthestatement，andmarkthecorrespondingletterofyourchoicewithasinglebaracrossthesquarebracketsonyourMachine—scoringAnswerSheet。Tenyearsago,ahousewithadecentbathroomwasa symbolamonguniversityprofessors.A。post B。status C。position D。placeItwouldbefarbetterifcollectorscouldbepersuadedtospendtheirtimeandmoneyinsupportof archaeologicalresearch。A。legible B.legitimateC。legislative D.illicitWeseekasocietythathasatits arespectforthedignityandworthoftheindividual。A。end B.handC。core D。bestAvarietyofproblemshavegreatly thecountry’snormaleducationaldevelopment。A。impeded B。impartedC。implored D。implementedAgoodeducationisanassetyoucan fortherestofyourlife。A.spellout B。calluponC.fallover D.resorttoOilcanchangeasocietymore thananyonecouldeverhaveimagined。A。grossly B.severelyC.rapidly D。drasticallyBeneathitsmyriadrules，thefundamentalpurposeof istomaketheworldapleasanterplacetolivein,andyouamorepleasantpersontolivewith.A。elitism B。eloquenceC。eminence D。etiquetteTheNewTestamentwasnotonlywrittenintheGreeklanguage，butideasderivedfromGreekphilosophywere inmanypartsofit.A.altered B.criticizedC。incorporated D。translatedNobodywilleverknowtheagonyIgo waitingforhimtocomehome.A.over B。withC.down D.throughWhileacountry'seconomyisbecomingthemostpromisingintheworld，itspeopleshouldbemore abouttheirqualityoflife.A。discriminating B。distributingC.disagreeing D.disclosing11.Cheatedbytwoboyswhomhehadtruston，Josephpromisedto them.A。findfaultwith B.makethemostofC.lookdownupon D。getevenwithTheMinister’s answerlettoanoutcryfromtheOpposition.A.impressive B。evasiveC.intensive D。exhaustiveInproportionasthe betweenclasseswithinthenationdisappearsthehostilityofonenationtoanotherwillcometoanend。A。intolerance B。pessimismC.injustice D。antagonismEveryonedoestheirownthing，tothepointwhereafifth—gradeteachercan’t onafourth—gradeteacherhavingtaughtcertainthings.A。count B。insistC。fall D。dwellWhenthefirebrokeoutinthebuilding,thepeoplelosttheir andranintotheelevator。A.hearts B。tempersC。heads D。sensesConsumersdeprivedoftheinformationandadvicetheyneededwerequitesimply everycheatinthemarketplace.A.atthemercyof B。inlieuofC。bycourtesyofD.forthepriceofInfactthepurchasingpowerofasingleperson’spensioninHongKongwasonly70percentofthevalueofthe Singaporepension.A.equivalent B。similarC.consistent D.identicalHebecameawarethathehadlosthisaudiencesincehehadnotbeenabletotalkA.honestly B。graciouslyC.coherently D.flexiblyThenovel,whichisaworkofart，existsnotbyits life，butbyitsimmeasurabledifferencefromlife。A。significancein B。imaginationatC。resemblanceto D.predominanceoverShewasartfulandcouldalways herparentsintheend。A.shoutdown B.getroundC。complywith D.passoverCLOZETEST(15minutes， 15points)Directions：Foreachblankinthefollowingpassage，choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesgivenintheoppositecolumn。MarkthecorrespondingletterofyourchoicewithasinglebaracrossthesquarebracketsonyourMachine—scoringAnswerSheet。Weareenteringaperiodinwhichrapidpopulationgrowth，thepresenceofdeadlyweapons,anddwindlingresourceswillbringinternationaltensionstodangerouslevelsforanextendedperiod。Indeed， 21seemsnoreasonfortheselevelsofdangertosubsideunlesspopulationequilibriumis22andsomeroughmeasureoffairnessreachedinthedistributionofwealthamongnations。23ofadequatemagnitudeimplyawillingnesstoredistributeincomeinternationallyonamoregenerous24thantheadvancednationshaveevidencedwithintheirowndomains.Therequiredincreasesin25inthebackwardregionswouldnecessitategiganticapplicationsofenergymerelytoextractthe26resources。Itisuncertainwhethertherequisiteenergy—producingtechnologyexists，andmoreserious，27thatitsapplicationwouldbringustothethresholdofanirreversiblechangeinclimate28aconsequenceoftheenormousadditionofmanmadeheattotheatmosphere。Itisthis29problemthatposesthemostdemandinganddifficultofthechallenges。Theexisting30ofindustrialgrowth，withnoallowanceforincreasedindustrializationtorepairglobalpoverty,hold31theriskofenteringthedangerzoneofclimaticchangeinas32asthreeorfourgenerations。Ifthetrajectoryisinfactpursued，industrialgrowthwill33havetocometoanimmediatehalt，foranothergenerationortwoalongthat34wouldliterallyconsumehuman，perhapsalllife.Theterrifyingoutcomecanbepostponedonlytotheextentthatthewastageofheatcanbereduced， 35thattechnologiesthatdonotaddtotheatmosphericheatburden-forexample，theuseofsolarenergy-canbeutilized。 (1996)21。A。oneB.it C。this D。there22。A.achievedB。succeededC.producedD.executed23。A.TransfersB.TransactionsC。TransportsD。Transcripts24。A。extentB。scaleC。measureD。range25.A。outgrowthB。outcropC。outputD。outcome26.A.neededB。needy C。needlessD。needing27。A.possibleB。possiblyC。probableD.probably28。A.inB。withC.as D.to29。A。leastB。lateC。latestD。 last30。A。raceB。paceC。faceD。lace31.A。onB.upC。downD。out32。A。lessB.fewerC。manyD。little33。A。ratherB。hardlyC.thenD。yet34.A。lineB。moveC.driveD。track35。A.ifB.or C。while D。asREADINGCOMPREHENSIONSectionA(60minutes，30points)Directions:Beloweachofthefollowingpassagesyouwillfindsomequestionsorincompletestatements。EachquestionorstatementisfollowedbyfourchoicesmarkedA，B，C,andD。Readeachpassagecarefully，andthenselectthechoicethatbestanswersthequestionorcompletesthestatement。 MarktheletterofyourchoicewithasinglebaracrossthesquarebracketsonyourMachine—scoringAnswerSheet.Passage1Thewritingofahistoricalsynthesisinvolvesintegratingthematerialsavailabletothehistorianintoacomprehensiblewhole。Theprobleminwritingahistoricalsynthesisishowtofindapatternin，orimposeapatternupon，thedetailedinformationthathasalreadybeenusedtoexplainthecausesforahistoricalevent。Asynthesisseekscommonelementsinwhichtointerpretthecontingentpartsofahistoricalevent。Theinitialstep,therefore，inwritingahistoricalsynthesis,istoputtheeventtobesynthesizedinaproperhistoricalperspective，sothatthecommonelementsorstrandsmakinguptheeventcanbedetermined。Thiscanbeaccomplishedbyanalyzingthehistoricaleventaspartofageneraltrendorcontinuuminhistory。Thecommonelementsthatarefamiliartotheeventwillbecometheideologicalframeworkinwhichthehistorianseekstosynthesize。Thisisnottosaythatanyfactorwillnothaveagreaterrelativevalueinthehistorian'shandlingoftheinterrelatedwhenviewedinabroadhistoricalperspective。Thehistorian,insynthesizing,mustdeterminetheextenttowhichtheexistinghypotheseshavesimilartrends.Ageneraltrendline，onceestablished， willenablethesesimilartrendstobecorrelatedandparalleledwithintheconceptualframeworkofacommonbase。Asynthesisfurtherseekstodetermine,fromexistinghypotheses,whyanoutcometookthedirectionitdid;thus,itnecessitatesreconstructingthespiritofthetimesinordertoassimilatethepolitical，social，psychological,etc.，factorswithinacommonbase.Assuch，thesynthesisbecomesthelogicalconstructininterpretingthecommongroundbetweenanoriginalexplanationofanoutcome(thesis)andthereinterpretationoftheoutcomealongdifferentlines(antithesis)。Therefore，thesynthesisnecessitatestheintegrationofthematerialsavailableintoacomprehensiblewholewhichwillinturnprovideanewhistoricalperspectivefortheeventbeingsynthesized.Theauthorwouldmostlybeconcernedwith 。findingthemostimportantcauseforaparticularhistoricaleventdeterminingwhenhypothesesneedtobereinterpretedimposingapatternuponvaryinginterpretationsforthecausesofaparticularhistoricaleventattributingmanyconditionsthattogetherleadtoaparticularhistoricaleventortosinglemotiveThemostimportantpreliminarystepinwritingahistoricalsynthesiswouldbe .toaccumulatesufficientreferencematerialtoexplainaneventanalyzingthehistoricaleventtodetermineifa“singlethemetheory”applestotheeventdeterminingthecommonstrandsthatmakeupahistoricaleventinterpretinghistoricalfactorstodetermineifonefactorwillhaverelativelygreatervalueThebestdefinitionfortheterm“historicalsynthesis"wouldbe .combiningelementsofdifferentmaterialintoaunifiedwholeatentativetheorysetforthasanexplanationforaneventthedirectoppositeoftheoriginalinterpretationofaneventinterpretinghistoricalmaterialtoprovethathistoryrepeatsitselfAhistorianseekstoreconstructthe“spirit”ofatimeperiodbecause 。theeventsinhistoryaremoreimportantthanthepeoplewhomakehistoryexistinghypothesesareadequateinexplaininghistoricaleventsthisisthebestmethodtodeterminethesinglemostimportantcauseforaparticularactionvaryingfactorscanbeassimilatedwithinacommonbaseWhichofthefollowingstatementswouldtheauthorconsiderfalse?Onefactorinahistoricalsynthesiswillnothaveagreatervaluethanotherfactors。Itispossibletoanalyzecommonunifyingpointsinhypotheses.Historicaleventsshouldbestudiedaspartofacontinuuminhistory。Asynthesisseekstodeterminewhyanoutcometookthedirectionitdid.Passage2Whenyoucallthepolice,thepolicedispatcherhastolocatethecarnearestyouthatisfreetorespond。Thismeansthedispatcherhastokeeptrackofthestatusandlocationofeverypolicecar—notaneasytaskforalargedepartment。Anotherproblem,whichariseswhencarsareassignedtoregularpatrols,isthatthepatrolsmaybetooregular。Ifcriminalsfindoutthatpolicecarswillpassaparticularlocationatregularintervals,theysimplyplantheircrimesfortimeswhennopatrolisexpected.Therefore，patrolcarsshouldpassbyanyparticularlocationatrandomtimes;thefactthatacarjustpassedshouldbenoguaranteethatanotheroneisnotjustaroundthecorner。Yetsimplyorderingtheofficerstopatrolatrandomwouldleadtochaos.Acomputerdispatchingsystemcansolveboththeseproblems.Thecomputerhasnotroublekeepingtrackofthestatusandlocationofeachcar。Withthisinformation，itcandetermineinstantlywhichcarshouldrespondtoanincomingcall.Andwiththeaidofapseudorandomnumbergenerator，thecomputercanassignroutinepatrolssothatcriminalscan’tpredictjustwhenapolicecarwillpassthroughaparticulararea。(Beforecomputers，policesometimesusedroulettewheelsandsimilardevicestomakerandomassignments。)Computersalsocanrelievepoliceofficersfromconstantlyhavingtoreporttheirstatus。Thepolicecarwouldcontainaspecialautomaticradiotransmitterandreceiver。Theofficerwouldsetadialonthisunitindicatingthecurrentstatusofthecar-patrolling，directingtraffic，chasingaspeeder,answeringacall，outtolunch，andsoon。Whennecessary，thecomputeratheadquarterscouldpollthecarforitsstatus。Thevoiceradiochannelswouldnotbecloggedwithcarsconstantlyreportingwhattheyweredoing.Acomputerinthecarautomaticallycoulddeterminethelocationofthecar，perhapsusingtheLORANmethod.Thelocationofthecaralsowouldbesentautomaticallytotheheadquarterscomputer.Thebesttitleforthispassageshouldbe 。ComputersandCrimesPatrolCarDispatchingThePowerfulComputersThePolicewithModernEquipmentApolicedispatcherisNOTsupposedto 。locateeverypatrolcarguaranteecarsonregularpatrolskeepintouchwitheachpolicecarfindoutwhichcarshouldrespondtotheincomingcallIfthepatrolsaretooregular， .thedispatcherswillbeboredwithittheofficersmaybecomecarelessthecriminalsmaytakeadvantageofitD.thestreetswillbeinastateofchaosThecomputerdispatchingsystemisparticularlygoodat .assigningcarstoregularpatrolsrespondingtotheincomingcallsorderingofficerstoreporttheirlocationmakingroutinepatrolsunpredictableAccordingtotheaccountinthelastparagraph,howcanapatrolcarbelocatedwithoutcomputers？Policeofficersreporttheirstatusconstantly。Theheadquarterspollthecarforitsstatus。Aradiotransmitterandreceiverisinstalledinacar。Adialinthecarindicatesitscurrentstatus。Passage3Achildwhohasoncebeenpleasedwithatalelikes，asarule，tohaveitretoldinidenticallythesamewords,butthisshouldnotleadparentstotreatprintedfairystoriesassacredtexts。Itisalwaysmuchbettertotellastorythanreaditoutofabook,and,ifaparentcanproducewhat，intheactualcircumstancesofthetimeandtheindividualchild,isanimprovementontheprintedtext,somuchthebetter。Achargemadeagainstfairytalesisthattheyharmthechildbyfrighteninghimorarousinghissadisticimpulse.Toprovethelatter,onewouldhavetoshowinacontrolledexperimentthatchildrenwhohavereadfairystoriesweremoreoftenguiltyofcrueltythanthosewhohadnot.Aggressive,destructive,sadisticimpulseseverychildhasand,onthewhole，theirsymbolicverbaldischargeseemtoberatherasafetyvalvethananincitementtoovertaction.Astofears，thereare,Ithink,well—authenticatedcasesofchildrenbeingdangerouslyterrifiedbysomefairystory。Often，however，thisarisesfromthechildhavingheardthestoryonce。Familiaritywiththestorybyrepetitionturnsthepainoffearintothepleasureofafearfacedandmastered。Therearealsopeoplewhoobjecttofairystoriesonthegroundsthattheyarenotobjectivelytrue,thatgiants，witches， two—headeddragons，magiccarpets,etc.,donotexist；andthat，insteadofindulginghisfantasiesinfairytales,thechildshouldbetaughthowtoadapttorealitybystudyinghistoryandmechanics。Ifindsuchpeople，Imustconfess,sounsympatheticandpeculiarthatIdonotknowhowtoarguewiththem.Iftheircaseweresound，theworldshouldbefullofmadmenattemptingtoflyfromNewYorktoPhiladelphiaonabroomstickorcoveringatelephonewithkissesinthebeliefthatitwastheirenchantedgirl—friend.Nofairystoryeverclaimedtobeadescriptionoftheexternalworldandnosanechildhaseverbelievedthatitwas。Accordingtotheauthor，thebestwaytoretellastorytoachildisto .tellitinacreativewaytakefromitwhatthechildlikesaddtoitwhateverathandreaditoutofthestorybook。Inthesecondparagraph，whichstatementbestexpressestheauthor'sattitudetowardsfairystories?Heseesinthemtheworstofhumannature.Hedislikeseverythingaboutthem。Heregardsthemasmoreofabenefitthanharms.Heisexpectantoftheexperimentalresults。Accordingtotheauthor，fairystoriesaremostlikelyto 。makechildrenaggressivethewholelifeincitedestructivenessinchildrenfunctionasasafetyvalveforchildrenaddchildren’senjoymentofcrueltytoothersIfthechildhasheardsomehorrorstoryformorethanonce,accordingtotheauthor，hewouldprobablybe 。A.scaredtodeathtakingitandevenenjoyingitsufferingmorethepainoffeardangerouslyterrifiedTheauthor'smentionofbroomsticksandtelephonesismeanttoemphasizethat .oldfairystorieskeepupdatingthemselvestocaterformodernneedsfairystorieshaveclaimedmanylivesofvictimsfairystorieshavethrownourworldintochaosfairystoriesareafterallfairystoriesPassage4Therehasbeenalotofhand-wringingoverthedeathofElizabethSteinberg。Withoutblaminganyoneinparticular，neighbors，friends，socialworkers，thepoliceandnewspapereditorshavestruggledtodefinethecommunity’sresponsibilitytoElizabethandtootherbatteredchildren。Asthecollectivesoul—searchingcontinues，thereisapervadingsensethatthesystemfailedher.Thefactis，inNewYorkStatethesystemcouldn’thavesavedher.Itisalmostimpossibletoprotectachildfromviolentparents，especiallyiftheyarewhite,middle—class，well-educatedandrepresentedbycounsel.Whydoesthestatepermitviolenceagainstchildren？Thereareanumberofreasons.First，parentalprivilegeisarationalization。Inthepast,thelawwasgivingitsapprovaltothebiblicalinjunctionagainstsparingtherod。Second，whileeveryoneagreesthatthestatemustacttoremovechildrenfromtheirhomeswhenthereisdangerofseriousphysicaloremotionalharm,manychildadvocatesbelievethatstateinterventionintheabsenceofseriousinjuryismoreharmfulthanhelpful.Third,courtsandlegislaturestreadcarefullywhentheiractionsintrudeorthreatentointrudeonarelationshipprotectedbytheConstitution.In1923,theSupremeCourtrecognizedthe“l(fā)ibertyofparentandguardiantodirecttheupbringingandeducationofchildrenundertheircontrol.”Morerecently，in1977，itupheldtheteacher'sprivilegetousecorporalpunishmentagainstschoolchildren.Readtogether,thesedecisionsgivetheconstitutionalimprimaturtoparentaluseofphysicalforce。Underthebestconditions,smallchildrendependutterlyontheirparentsforsurvival.Undertheworst,theirdependencydoomsthem。WhileitisquestionablewhetheranyoneoranythingcouldhavesavedElizabethSteinberg，itisplainthatthelawprovidednoprotection.Tothecontrary，byjustifyingtheuseofphysicalforceagainstchildrenasanacceptablemethodofeducationandcontrol，thelawlentameasureofplausibilityandlegitimacytoherparents'conduct.Morethan80yearsago，intheteethofparentalresistanceandSupremeCourtdoctrine,theNewYorkStateLegislatureactedtoeliminatechildlaborlaw.Now，thestatemustacttoeliminatechildabusebybanningcorporalpunishment.Tobreakthecycleofviolence，nothinglesswillanswer.IfthereisalessontobedrawnfromthedeathofElizabethSteinberg，itisthis:sparetherodandsparethechild。TheNewYorkStatelawseemstoprovideleastprotectionofachildfromviolentparentsofafamilyonwelfareapooruneducatedfamilyaneducatedblackfamilyamiddle-classwhitefamily“Sparingtherod"(inboldface)means 。spoilingchildrenpunishingchildrennotcaringaboutchildrennotbeatingchildrenCorporalpunishmentagainstschoolchildrenis .takenasillegalintheNewYorkStateconsideredbeingintheteacher’sprovinceofficiallyapprovedbylawdisapprovedbyschoolteachersFromthearticlewecaninferthatElizabethSteinbergisprobablythevictimof A。teachers'corporalpunishmentmisjudgmentofthecourtparents’ill—treatmentstreetviolenceThewriterofthisarticlethinksthatbanningcorporalpunishmentwillinthelongrunpreventviolenceofadultssavemorechildrenprotectchildrenfromill—treatmentbetterthesystemPassage5Withitscommoninterestinlawbreakingbutitsimmenserangeofsubject-matterandwidely—varyingmethodsoftreatment，thecrimenovelcouldmakealegitimateclaimtoberegardedasaseparatebranchofliterature，or，atleast，asadistinct，eventhoughaslightlydisreputable，offshootofthetraditionalnovel。Thedetectivestoryisprobablythemostrespectable(atanyrateinthenarrowsenseoftheword)ofthecrimespecies。Itscreationisoftentherelaxationofuniversityscholars，literaryeconomists，scientistsorevenpoets。Disastrousdeathsmayoccurmorefrequentlyandmysteriouslythanmightbeexpectedinpolitesociety，buttheworldinwhichtheyhappen，thevillage,seasideresort,collegeorstudio,isfamiliartous,ifnotfromourownexperience，atleastinthenewspaperorthelivesoffriends。Thecharacters,thoughnormallyrealizedsuperficially，areasrecognizablyhumanandconsistentasourlessintimateacquaintances。AstorysetinamoreremoteAfricanjungleorAustralianbush，ancientChinaorgas—litLondon,appealstoourinterestingeographyorhistory,andmostdetectivestorywritersareconscientiousinprovidingareasonablytruebackground。Theelaborate，carefully—assembledplot,despisedbythemodernintellectualcriticsandcreatorsof“significant”novels,hasfoundrefugeinthemurdermystery,withitssprinklingofclues,itsspicingwithapparentimpossibilities,allwithappropriatesolutionsandexplanationsattheend.Withtheguiltofescapismfromreallifenagginggently，wesecretlytakedelightintheunmaskingofevilbyavaguelysuper-humandetective，whoseesthroughanddispelsthecloudofsuspicionwhichhashoveredsounjustlyovertheinnocent。Thoughitsvillainalsoreceiveshisrightfuldeserts，thethrillerpresentsalesscomfortableandcredibleworld.Thesequenceoffistfights，revolverduels，carcrashesandescapesfromgas—filledcellarsexhauststhereaderfarmorethanthehero，who,sufferingfromatleasttwobrokenribs,oneblackeye，uncountablebruisesandahangover，canstillchaseandoverpoweranarmedvillainwiththephysiqueofawrestler,Hemovesdangerouslythroughaworldofruthlessgangs,brutality，aviciouslustforpowerandmoneyand，incontrasttothedetectivetale，withanear-omniscientarch—criminalwhosedefeatseemsalmostaccidental。Perhapswemissinthethrillerthesecurityofbeingsafelyledbyourimperturbableinvestigatorpastascoreofredherringsandblindavenuestoafinalgatheringofsuspectswhenanunchallengeableelucidationofallthathasbewilderedusisgivenandjusticeandgoodnessprevail。Allthatwevainlyhopeforfromlifeisgrantedvicariously.Thecrimenovelisregardedbytheauthoras 。anotrespectableformofthetraditionalnovelnotatruenovelatallrelatedinsomewaystothehistoricalnoveladistinctbranchofthetraditionalnovelThecreationofdetectivestorieshasitsoriginin .seekingrestfromworkorworriessolvingmysteriousdeathsinthissocietyrestoringexpectationsinpolitesocietyD.preventingcrimesThecharactersofthedetectivestoriesare， generallyspeaking， .A。moreprofoundthanthoseofthetraditionalnovelsB.asrealaslifeitselfnotlikehumanbeingsatallnotveryprofoundbutnotunlikelyThesettingofthedetectivestoriesissometimesinamoreremoteplacebecause 。itismorerealourfriendsarefamiliarwithititpleasesthereadersinawayitneedsthereaders’supportThewriterofthispassagethinks .whatpeoplehopeforfromlifecanfinallybegrantediftheyhaveconfidencepeopleliketofeelthatjusticeandgoodnesswillalwaystriumphtheyknowintherealworldgooddoesnotprevailovereviltheirhopesinlifecanonlybefulfilledthroughfictionreadingPassage6Wheneverweareinvolvedinacreativetypeofactivitythatisself-rewarding,afeelingovercomesus—afeelingthatwecancall“flow?！盬henweareflowingweloseallsenseoftimeandawarenessofwhatishappeningaroundus;instead,wefeelthateverythingisgoingjustright.Arockdancerdescribeshisfeelingofflowlikethis:“IfIhaveenoughspace，IfeelIcanradiateanenergyintotheatmosphere。Icandanceforwalls，Idanceforfloors.Ibecomeonewiththeatmosphere。"“Youareinanecstaticstatetosuchapointthatyoudon’texist，”saysacomposer，describinghowhefeelswhenhe“flows。”Playersofanysportthroughouttheworldarefamiliarwiththefeelingofflow;theyenjoytheiractivityverymuch，eventhoughtheycanexpectlittleextrinsicreward。Thesameholdstrueforsurgeons,caveexplorers，andmountainclimbers。Flowprovidesasortofphysicalsensationalongwithanalteredstateofbeing。Onemanputitthisway:“Yourbodyfeelsgoodandawakeallover。Yourenergyisflowing?！盤eoplewhoflowfeelpartofthisenergy；thatis，theyaresoinvolvedinwhattheyaredoingthattheydonotthinkofthemselvesasbeingseparatefromtheiractivity.Theyareflowingalongwiththeirenjoyment。Moreover，theyconcentrateintenselyontheiractivity.Theydonottrytoconcentrateharder,however;theconcentrationcomesautomatically。Achessplayercomparesthisconcentrationtobreathing。Astheyconcentrate，thesepeoplefeelimmersedintheaction， lostintheaction。Theirsenseoftimeisalteredandtheyskipmealsandsleepwithoutnoticingtheirloss。Sizesandspacesalsoseemaltered：successfulbaseballplayersseeandhittheballsomuchbetterbecauseitseemslargertothem。Theycanevendistinguishtheseamsonaballapproachingthemat165kilometersperhour。Itseemsthenthatflowisa“floatingaction"inwhichtheindividualisawareofhisactionsbutnotawareofhisawareness。Agoodreaderissoabsorbedinhisbookthatheknowsheisturningthepagestogoonreading,buthedoesnotnoticeheisturningthesepages.Themomentpeoplethinkaboutit，flowisdestroyed，sotheyneveraskthemselvesquestionssuchas“AmIdoingwell？”or“Dideveryoneseemyjump？”Finally,toflowsuccessfullydependsagreatdealontheactivityitself;nottoodifficulttoproduceanxiety，nottooeasytobringaboutboredom；challenging,interesting,fun。Somegoodexamplesofflowactivitiesaregamesandsports，reading，learning，workingonwhatyouenjoy，andevenday—dreaming。Whatisthemainpurposeofthearticle?toillustratethefeelingof“flow"toanalyzethecausesofaspecialfeelingtodefinethenewpsychologicalterm“flow"toleadpeopletoacquirethefeelingof“flow”Inthisarticle， “flow”referstoafeelingwhichprobablyresultsfrom 。A.awarenessecstasyunconsciousnessself—rewardingTheword“immersed"(inboldface)isclosestinmeaningto 。occupiedengrossedsoakedcommittedWhatdoesoneusuallyactwhile“flowing”inreading？thinkswhatheisdoingwondershowfasthecanreadturnsthepagesmindsthepagenumberTheactivitywhichcansuccessfullybringabout“flow”ismostprobably .A。grippingB.difficultC。boringD.easySectionB(20minutes，10points)Direction:Ineachofthefollowingpassages,fivesentenceshavebeenremovedfromtheoriginaltext。TheyarelistedfromAtoFandputbelowthepassage。Choosethemostsuitablesentencefromthelistto