高英speech-on-Hitler'S-invension-of-U.S.S.R-翻譯以及課后習(xí)題

RHETORICSimile:acomparisonbetweentwounlikethingshavingatleastonequalityorcharacteristicincommon.

tenor:thesubjectofthecomparison

Vehicle:theimageofwhichthisideaisconveyed

Thevehicleisalmostalwaysintroducedbytheword"like"or"as".

Thebus(tenor)wentasslowlysimilarityasasnail(vehicle).

Thewaterlaygreyandwrinkledlikeanelephant'sskin.

Hereyeswerejetblack,andherhairwaslikeawaterfall.

Metaphor:acomparisonbetweentwounlikethings,butthecomparisonisimpliedratherthanstated.Contrarytoasimileinwhichtheresemblancebetweentwounlikethingsisclearlystated,inametaphornothingismentioned.

TheessentialformofametaphorisXisY,andallformsofmetaphorcanbecondensedintothisform.

Snowclothestheground.

Snow(X---tenor)isclothe(Y---vehicle).

Boysandgirls,tumblinginthestreetsandplaying,weremovingjewels.

Boy(X---tenor)isjewel(Y---vehicle).

Theshipploughedthesea.

Ship(X---tenor)isplough(Y---vehicle)

Metaphor:Theywillberoundedupinhordes.

IseeRussiansoldiersstandingonthethreshold...

Meansofexistenceiswrungfromthesoil...

Metaphor:cataractofhorrors

ridtheearthofhisshadow...liberatepeoplefromhisyoke

Thescenewillbeclearforthefinalact.

Alliteration:dull,drilled,docile...

forhishearthandhome

withitsclanking,heel-clicking...

Assonance:theuseofthesameorrelated,vowelsoundsinsuccessivewords

clanking,heel-clicking,…

cowingandtying...ploddingonlikecrawlinglocusts,...smartingfrommanyaBritishwhipping...

easierandsaferprey

Repetition:Wehavebutoneaimandonesinglepurpose

nothingwillturnus---nothing

Wewillneverparley,wewillnevernegotiate...

Thisisourpolicyandthisisourdeclaration

asweshallfaithfullyandsteadfastly

Parallelism:Thepast,withitscrimes,

itsfollies,

anditstragedies...

Isee,...Isee...

thereturnofthebread-winner,

oftheirchampion,

oftheirprotector

Weshallfighthimbyland,

weshallfighthimbysea,

weshallfighthimintheair

Anymanorstate...

Anymanorstate...

Letus...

Letus...

Nounphrases:Ihadnottheslightestdoubtwhere...

Withgreatrapidityandviolence

Periodicsentences:WhenIawokeon...invasionofRussia.

IfHitlerimaginesthat...woefullymistaken.二十二日星期天早晨，我一醒來便接到了希特勒入侵蘇聯(lián)的消息。這就使原先意料中的事變成了無可懷疑的事實(shí)。我完全清楚我們對(duì)此應(yīng)該承擔(dān)何種義務(wù)，采取何種政策。我也完全清楚該如何就此事發(fā)表聲明。尚待完成的只不過是將這一切形成文字而已。于是，我吩咐有關(guān)部門立即發(fā)表通告，我將于當(dāng)晚九點(diǎn)鐘發(fā)表廣播講話。不一會(huì)兒，匆匆從倫敦趕到的迪爾將軍走進(jìn)我的臥室，為我?guī)砹嗽敿?xì)情報(bào)。德國(guó)人已大規(guī)模入侵蘇聯(lián)，蘇聯(lián)空軍部隊(duì)有很大一部分飛機(jī)都沒來得及起飛便遭到德軍的突襲。德軍目前似乎正以凌厲的攻勢(shì)極為迅猛地向前推進(jìn)。這位皇家軍隊(duì)總參謀長(zhǎng)報(bào)告完畢后又補(bǔ)了一句，“我估計(jì)他們將會(huì)大批地被包圍?！币徽煳叶荚趯懼v稿，根本沒有時(shí)間去找戰(zhàn)時(shí)內(nèi)閣進(jìn)行磋商，也沒有必要這樣做。我知道我們大家在這個(gè)問題上的立場(chǎng)是完全一致的。艾登先生、比弗布魯克勛爵，還有斯塔福德?克里普斯爵士——他是十號(hào)離開莫斯科回國(guó)的——那天也同我在一起。

那個(gè)周末值班的是我的私人秘書科維爾先生。由他執(zhí)筆記述的下面這段關(guān)于那個(gè)星期天里切克爾斯首相官邸發(fā)生的情況的文字，也許值得一提：

“六月二十一日，星期六。晚飯前我來到切克爾斯首相官邸。懷南特夫婦、艾登夫婦和愛德華?布里奇斯等幾位均在那兒。晚飯席上，邱吉爾先生說，德國(guó)人人侵蘇聯(lián)已是必然無疑的了。他認(rèn)為希特勒是想指望博取英美兩國(guó)的資本家和右冀勢(shì)力的同情和支持。不過，希特勒的如意算盤打錯(cuò)了。我們英國(guó)將會(huì)全力以赴援助蘇聯(lián)。維南特表示美國(guó)也會(huì)采取同樣的態(tài)度。

晚飯后，當(dāng)我同邱吉爾先生在槌球場(chǎng)上散步時(shí)，他又一次談到了這一話題。我當(dāng)時(shí)問他，對(duì)于他這個(gè)頭號(hào)反共大將來說，這種態(tài)度是否意味著改變自己的政治立場(chǎng)?！^非如此。我現(xiàn)在的目標(biāo)只有一個(gè)，即消滅希特勒。這使我的生活單純多了。假使希特勒入侵地獄，我至少會(huì)在下議院替魔鬼說幾句好話的?！?/p>

次日清晨四點(diǎn)鐘，我被電話鈴驚醒，原來是外交部來的電話，內(nèi)容是報(bào)告德國(guó)已開始進(jìn)攻俄國(guó)的消息。首相一向吩咐，只有當(dāng)英國(guó)遭到入侵時(shí)才可以叫醒他。因此，我等到八點(diǎn)鐘才向他報(bào)告這一消息。他聽完消息后只說了一句話：‘通知英國(guó)廣播電臺(tái)，我今晚九點(diǎn)要發(fā)表廣播講話?！麖纳衔缡稽c(diǎn)開始撰寫講稿，中間除與斯塔福德．克里普斯爵士、克蘭伯恩勛爵和比弗布魯克勛爵共進(jìn)午餐外，這一天的全部時(shí)間都花在寫講稿上了……講稿直到九點(diǎn)差二十分才寫好?！?/p>

在這次廣播講話中，我說道：

“納粹政體與共產(chǎn)主義的最糟糕之處毫無兩樣。除了貪欲和種族統(tǒng)治外，它沒有任何指導(dǎo)思想和行動(dòng)準(zhǔn)則。它在殘酷壓迫和瘋狂侵略過程中所犯下的滔天罪行在人類歷史戰(zhàn)果都將化為泡影。

“由此可知，俄國(guó)現(xiàn)在所面臨的危險(xiǎn)就是我們自己的危險(xiǎn)，同樣也是美國(guó)的危險(xiǎn)；俄國(guó)人民保家衛(wèi)國(guó)的事業(yè)就是全世界一切自由的人民和自由的民族的事業(yè)。讓我們從過去的殘酷的歷史經(jīng)驗(yàn)中汲取教訓(xùn)吧。讓我們趁著生命未息、力量尚存之時(shí)，加倍努力，團(tuán)結(jié)奮斗吧?！盜.

1)GermanyattackedRussiaonanenormousfrontbyaironSunday,June22.

2)Hewasnotsurprisedatthenews,becausehehadthoughtthattheGermanswouldattacktheSovietUnion.

3)Becausehehadonlyonepurpose,thedestructionofHitler,whohethoughtwastheworstintheworld.

4)ThepolicythatChurchilldeclaredBritainwouldpursuewastodestroyHitlerandwipeoffeverysingletraceoftheNaziregime.

5)AccordingtoChurchill,Hitler'sinvasionofRussiaservedasthefirststepforhisinvasionofBritain,thuscontrollingoftheWesternHemisphere.

Ⅱ.

1)HitlerwashopingthatifheattackedRussia,hewouldwininBritainandtheU.S.thesupportofthosewhowereenemiesofCommunism.

2)WinantsaidtheUnitedStateswouldadoptthesameattitude.

3)Inthisway,mylifeismademucheasierinthiscase,itwillbemucheasierformetodecideonmyattitudetowardsevents.

4)IwillnottakebackasinglewordofwhatIhavesaidaboutCommunism.

5)IcanseetheGermanbombersandfightersinthesky,who,aftersufferingseverelossesintheaerialbattleofEngland,nowfeelhappybecausetheythinktheycaneasilybeattheRussianairforcewithoutheavyloss.

6)Weshallbemoredeterminedandshallmakebetterandfulleruseofourresources.

7)LetusstrengthenourunityandoureffortsinthefightagainstNaziGermanywhenwehavenotyetbeenoverwhelmedandwhenwearestillpowerful.

Ⅲ.Seethetranslationofthetext.

IV.1)anti-Communist反共產(chǎn)主義的（人）；antichrist反對(duì)基督（教）的（人）Here"anti-"means"against","hostileto","opposedto".Otherexamples,anti-Japanese,anticolonial,anti-party,anti-imperialist,anti-fascist,anti-apartheid,antidraft,antislavery,anti-Smith.

2)antibacterial抗細(xì)菌的，抗菌物；antifreeze防凍劑Inthesetwocases,"anti-"means"preventing',"curing',"neutralizing"or"reducing".Otherexamples:antiknock,antitoxin,anti-pollution,anti-malarial,antifriction,anti-icer.

3)antiaircraft防空的anti-ballisticmissile反彈道導(dǎo)彈Here"anti-"hasthemeaningof"counteracting","operatingagainst"or"resisting".Otherexamples:antitank,antipersecution,antitrust,antigas,antisubmarine,antidote,antimagnetic.

4)antithesis（修辭學(xué)中的）對(duì)句，對(duì)話，偶句；antihero（小說，戲劇中）不按傳統(tǒng)性主角品格塑造的主角Here"anti-"means"opposite","reverse".Otherexamples:antimatter,antipole,antiparticle,antineutron,antiphrasis,antipode,antinovel.

V.1)Hewasalmostattheendofhispowerswhen…

2)-"hisreputationisuncertain.

3)Hecompletelyignored…

4)Peoplewhoareinavulnerablepositionshouldnotattackothers.

5)Thismayteachtheyoungmannottotakefoolishrisks.

6)"'broughthimgreatsuccess.

7)Thepupilstooktheteacherastheirexample.

8)...anenormouspileofletters.

Ⅵ.1)Whetherforhim,thearchanti-Communist,thiswasriotbowingdownintheHouseofRimmon:whetherhewasnotrenouncinghispreviousattitudetowardsCommunism;whetherhewasnotchanginghispositionsincehehadallalongbeenopposedtoCommunism.

2)Isupposetheywillberoundedupinhordes:IthinktheRedarmymenwillbesurroundedandcapturedinsurprisinglylargenumbers.

3)TheNaziregimeisdevoidofallthemeandprincipleexceptappetiteandracialdomination:Here"appetite"isusedmetaphorically,meaningstrongGermandesireforconquest.

4)StillsmartingfrommanyaBritishwhipping:Here"whipping"isusedmetaphorically,meaningcounterattack.

5)ridtheearthofhisshadowandliberateditspeoplesfromhisyoke:Hereboth"shadow"and"yoke"areusedmetaphorically,theformermeaningtheverystrongpowerorinfluence(ofHitler)andthelattermeaningcontrol.

Ⅶ.1)ascoolascucumber2)factandfantasy

3)Hecamebacksoundandsafe.

4)Shesangasong.

5)Nexttohealth,heartandhome,happinessformobileAmericansdependsupontheautomobile.

Ⅷ.Parallelstructure:

1)Wewillneverparley

WewillnevernegotiatewithHitleroranyofhisgang

2)Weshallfighthimbyland

Weshallfighthimbysea

Weshallfighthimintheair

3)behindallthisglare

behindallthisstormIsee'"

4)1seetheRussiansoldiersstanding'"

Iseethemguarding...

Iseethetenthousandvillages...

Iseeadvancingupon...

Iseealsothedull…

IseetheGermanbombers…

Iseethatsmallgroup…

5)thatisourpolicy

andthatisourdeclaration

6)Weshallbefortifiedandencouragedinourefforts.

Weshallbestrengthenedandnotweakenedindeterminationandresources.

7)Letuslearnthelessonsalreadytaughtbysuchcruelexperience.

Letusredoubleourexertions…

Repetition:

1)Wehavebutoneaimandonesingle,irrevocablepurpose.

2)Hehassolongthrivedandprospered.

3)Wewillneverparley,wewillnevernegotiate...

IX.theNaziwarmachine,aswarmofcrawlinglocusts,smallgroupofvillainousmen,hisshadow,hisyoke,histyranny,Hitler'sblood-lustandthehatefulappetites

X.1)preparing,writingdown2)veryfastandviolently3)obtaining,getting4)returned5)spent...onit6)frontiers7)ancienttime8)evil9)agree10)holdtalkswithourenemyll)religiousbelief;faith12)sadly,deplorably13)greatandsuddendisaster

XI.1)Thisistrueoftheruralareaaswellasoftheurbanarea.

2)Hewascountingontheirsupport.

3)Idon'trememberhisexactwords,butI'msurehedidsaysomethingtothateffect.

4)Churchillsaid,"TellStalinthatBritainhasbutonedesire--tocrushHitler.

5)Only9%ofthepopulationinthatcountryremainsilliterate.

6)Thisleavesthemnochoicebuttorelyonhisefforts.

7)Theguestswereoverwhelmedbythewarmreception.

8)Theyoverwhelmedtheenemybyasurpriseattack.

9)Theirdifficultyisourdifficultyjustasweviewtheirvictoryasourownvictory.

10)ItisclearthatGermanfascistsweretryingto