中考英語名詞復(fù)習(xí)

名詞

一、中考考查重點(diǎn)可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞名詞的單數(shù)與復(fù)數(shù)名詞所有格4.專有名詞的常見的縮寫形式

1第一頁，共27頁。名詞{

專有名詞〔如：Tom、China、theUnitedStates,January,Monday)

可數(shù)名詞{普通名詞{物質(zhì)名詞(如：water水)抽象名詞(如:happiness幸福)個(gè)體名詞(如：teacher教師)集體名詞(如：police警察)不可數(shù)名{名詞的定義：表示人、事物、地方、現(xiàn)象及其他抽象概念名稱的名詞。2第二頁，共27頁。cap---capstask---tasksstar---starstree---treeshouse---housesexercise---exercises

可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式規(guī)那么變化A.絕大多數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式在單數(shù)形式后加-SB.以字母x、s、ch、sh結(jié)尾的名詞在其后加-esbus---busesbox---boxeswatch---watchesdish---dishesclass---classesC.〔1〕以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的名詞需把y變?yōu)閕再加-esstory—storiesbaby—babiescountry—countriesparty—parties〔2〕以元音字母+y結(jié)尾的名詞在后面直接加-sday—daysboy---boystoy---toys3第三頁，共27頁。E.〔1〕以元音字母+o結(jié)尾的名詞，以及某些以o結(jié)尾的外來詞，變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)時(shí)只加-Sradio—radioszoo---zoosbamboo--bamboos

D.以-f或-fe結(jié)尾的可數(shù)名詞,先將f或fe變成v再加-esshelf---shelveslife—livesknife---knivesleaf---leaveswife—wiveshalf—halves特殊:roof---roofs〔2〕以輔音字母+o結(jié)尾的名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)+es,potato---potatoeshero---heroestomato—tomatoes但piano—pianos,photo--photos除外.

4第四頁，共27頁。不規(guī)那么變化特殊變化：單復(fù)同形

manmengentlemangentlemenpolicemanpolicemenwomanwomenfootfeettoothteethmousemicechildchildrensheepsheepfishfish/fishesdeerdeerChineseChineseJapaneseJapanese5第五頁，共27頁。3.表示“某國人〞的名詞，其變化有三種情況a

Japanese

five

Japanese(e.gChinese)aFrenchman

twoFrenchmen(e.gEnglishmanEnglishwomanfishermanpolicemanFrenchwoman)aGermanfiveGermans

(e.gRussianAmericanIndianItalianKorean)4.常以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)的名詞集體名詞：trousersglassesclothespeoplepolice口訣：中日不變英法變，其余把S加后面5.6第六頁，共27頁。5.復(fù)合名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式a.將主體名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)e.gaboystudentboystudents

aflowershopflowershops

adiningroomdiningrooms

bananatree–bananatreesshoefactory–shoefactoriesb.當(dāng)名詞的第一個(gè)構(gòu)成局部為man或woman時(shí)，將2個(gè)構(gòu)成局部均變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)

awomanteachertwowomenteachers

amannursetwomennurses7第七頁，共27頁。不可數(shù)名詞{常見的不可數(shù)名詞１.drink---coffe,milk,tea…2.food---rice,bread,meat…porridge,tofu,…3.sugar,salt,pepper,butter…4.weather---rain,snow,ice,cloud,wind…5.cotton,silk,wool,mental,paper,wood,glass,plastic6.English,Chinese,Japanese,French,German…7.history,maths,science,physics,biology,PE,music,art8.help,confidence,courage,success,danger,safe9.work,homework,teamwork,news,money,advice…物質(zhì)名詞(如：water水)抽象名詞(如:happiness幸福)8第八頁，共27頁。不可數(shù)名詞數(shù)量的表達(dá)法：

通過改變量詞形式的方法來表示不可數(shù)名詞的量abottleofmilk---twobottlesofmilkapieceofmeat---threepiecesofmeat表示不可數(shù)名詞量的相關(guān)詞語還有：some,alotof,much,alittle,little,lotsof,enough,plentyof……穩(wěn)固練習(xí):(1)一茶杯茶〔2〕一塊冰〔3〕兩公斤肉〔4〕五瓶橘汁〔5〕半公斤雞肉〔6〕許多瓶牛奶

不可數(shù)名詞沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式9第九頁，共27頁。既可做不可數(shù)名詞，又可做可數(shù)名詞的：

不可數(shù)名詞可數(shù)名詞paper紙apaperglass玻璃aglassiron鐵aironroom空間aroomchicken雞肉achickenbeauty美abeauty一張報(bào)紙一個(gè)玻璃杯一個(gè)熨斗一個(gè)房間一只小雞一個(gè)美人10第十頁，共27頁。專有名詞：1.表示人名如：JimKateLiLeiMissGao2.表示地名:如:ChinaUSAEnglandBeijing3.表示星期、月份等時(shí)間概念的名稱，如：SundayMondayTuesdayJanuaryFebruary4.表示中外節(jié)日：國際性節(jié)日:NewYearMayDayChildren’sDayWomen’sDay中國節(jié)日:SpringFestivalMid-autumnDayNationalDay西方節(jié)日:ChristmasDayEaster(復(fù)活節(jié)〕Father’sDayMother’sDaySaintValentine’sDay(情人節(jié))5.機(jī)構(gòu)或一些社會(huì)團(tuán)體的名稱，它們往往縮寫,如:CCTVUNWTOPLAPRCUFOBBCSOSUNITNBAIQEQPERMBVIP11第十一頁，共27頁。名詞的所有格

單數(shù)的名詞所有格Mike’sbagtheboy’sknife2.在詞尾有-S的復(fù)數(shù)名詞所有格,只在詞尾加’,讀音與名詞變復(fù)數(shù)同

thestudents’bookstheteachers’office3.不規(guī)那么名詞復(fù)數(shù)的所有格,即詞尾不是以-s結(jié)尾的單詞,在詞后加’s,如:Women’sDaymen’sclothesshop4.如果事物為2人或2人以上共同所有，在最后一個(gè)名詞后加-’s;

珍妮和海倫的房間

JennyandHelen’sroomJenny’sandHelen’srooms5.如果事物不是2人或2人共同所有，而是分別有的,那么在2個(gè)名詞后都加-’s珍妮的房間和海倫的房間1.有生命的東西所有格用’s

的形式12第十二頁，共27頁。8..無生命的東西一般用“of+名詞〞的形式表示其所有格thedooroftheroomthewallofthepark6.

有些表示時(shí)間、距離、國家、城市、團(tuán)體的等無生命的東西，也可以加

-‘s構(gòu)成所有格

2小時(shí)路程北京最好的公園今日報(bào)紙車站休息室twohours’walkBeijing’sbestparktoday’snewspaper

thestation’swaiting-roomatmyuncle’s=atmyuncle’shomeatatailor’s=atatailor’sshop9.表示類別的名詞作定語，不用所有格asilkhatcottonclothacoffeecup7.表示某人的家、店鋪、診所時(shí)，常省略所有格

后面的名詞13第十三頁，共27頁。myteacher’sofficestudents’exercisebooksChildren’sPalacetoday’snewspaper15minutes’walk=a15-minutewalkatthebutcher’s=atthebutcher’sshoptoTom’s=toTom’shouse

1我老師的辦公室2學(xué)生們的練習(xí)本3少年宮4今天的報(bào)紙5十五分鐘的路程6在肉店7到湯姆家去名詞的所有格Practice14第十四頁，共27頁。8廣東的省會(huì)9教室的門10我父親的一個(gè)朋友11他的兩個(gè)兄弟12愛迪生的一些創(chuàng)造13他弟弟的一張照片(照片屬于他弟弟)14他弟弟的一張照片(照片里的人是他弟弟)thecapitalofGuangdongthedoorsoftheclassroomafriendofmyfather(’s)twobrothersofhissomeinventionsof

Edison’sapictureofhisbrother’sapictureofhisbrother15第十五頁，共27頁。主謂一致當(dāng)class,family,team,group,public等集體名詞做主語時(shí)，如果看成一個(gè)整體，動(dòng)詞就用單數(shù)；看成一個(gè)個(gè)具體成員時(shí)，就用復(fù)數(shù)。e.gTheclassare

waitingforher.Tom’sfamily_____ratherbig.Tom’sfamily_________arefilmfans.is

are2.news,maths,politics表示單數(shù)意義，動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。e.gThenewsmakesherveryhappy.Maths___noteasyforhim.

is16第十六頁，共27頁。3.像chopsticks,shoes,glasses,trousers等表示復(fù)數(shù)含義的詞，動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。e.gTheshoesarehers.

但是:

Apairofglasses_____onthetable.

Twopairsof

glasses______onthetable.

is

are4.police,people(人們),youth(青年們)只有單數(shù)形式，但表示復(fù)數(shù)意義，動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。e.gThepolicearegatheringinthestreet.TheChinesepeople_____peace.

love但是:people當(dāng)“民族〞，youth當(dāng)“男青年〞講時(shí)，有單復(fù)數(shù)之分e.gHeis

ayouthof20.ManyEnglish-speakingpeoples

_____thisbook.

like17第十七頁，共27頁。5.像deer、sheep等單復(fù)同形的詞，動(dòng)詞單復(fù)根據(jù)具體情況定e.gAdeerisoverthereinthefield.Agroupofdeer______overthereinthefield.

are6.Thepoetandmusician______attheparty.Thesingeranddancer_____justarrived.Thebreadandthebutter_______ready.Breadandbutter____herusualbreakfast.涂了黃油的面包

was

has

are

is18第十八頁，共27頁。8.Both…and…的謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。e.g.Bothheandhisfather________there.

were7.采取就近一致原那么的句型結(jié)構(gòu)：

Therebe…

e.g.There___abookandtwoapplesonthedesk.

notonly…butalso…

e.gNotonlyyoubutalsohe___right.

either…or

e.gEitherheorI____wrong.

neither…nor

e.gNeithershenorI_____right.

is

is

am

am表示時(shí)間、距離、金額、度量、書名、國名等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，看作整體，動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。

e.gEighthoursofsleep_____enoughforyou.Tendollars_____toomuchtopay.

is

is19第十九頁，共27頁。

10.each+單數(shù)名詞+and+each+單數(shù)名詞

every+單數(shù)名詞+and+every+單數(shù)名詞

no+單數(shù)名詞+and+no+單數(shù)名詞eachof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞oneof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞manya+單數(shù)名詞every/each+單數(shù)名詞+and+單數(shù)名詞

等結(jié)構(gòu)做主語時(shí)，動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。e.g.

Eachboyandeachgirl______seenthefilm.Noteacherandnostudent

_____comeyet.Everyknife,fork,andspoon____tobebought.Eachofthestudents______adictionary.hashas

has

has20第二十頁，共27頁。(

)1.Pleasegiveme______paper.

A.one B.apiece C.a D.apieceof

(

)2.Thistableismadeof_______.

A.manyglassB.someglassesC.glasses D.glass

()3.Billrunsfast.Hewonthe

_____800metreraceyesterday.

A．boys B．boys’ C．boy D．boy‘s.

(

)4.Some______cametoourschoolforavisitthatday.

A.Germans B.Germen C.Germany D.Germanies

(

)5.Inthepicturetherearemany______andtwo_______.

A.sheeps;foxes B.sheeps;foxes C.sheep;foxes D.sheep;foxs

課時(shí)訓(xùn)練選擇填空：NOUN.21第二十一頁，共27頁。()6.Thisisnotmycap,butmy_______.A.brothers B.brother’s C.brothers’ D.brother()7.Theywritemostoftheir_______inEnglish. A.businessletter B.businessletters C.businesses D.businessesletters

()8._____are____forcuttingthings.

A.Knife,used B.Knives,using C.Knife,using D.Knives,used(

)9.Johnbought_____forhimselfyesterday.

A.twopairsofshoes B.twopairofshoe

C.twopairofshoes D.twopairsshoes()10.Excuseme,whereisthe______?

A.men'sroom B.mens'room C.men'srooms D.menrooms

NOUN.22第二十二頁，共27頁。1.Several_____aretalking

abouttheir______underthetree. A．woman;children B．woman;childC．women;children2.—Howfarisyourschoolfromhere？—Notveryfar．It'sabouttwentywalk.〔2000杭州〕 A．minute's

B．minutes

C．minutes'

3.Therearethreeinmyfamily.(2004長春〕A.people B.personC.child4.Moststudentscangotocollegeforfurtherinourcity.5.Thisisbedroom.Thetwinsisterlikeitverymuch.A.AnnandJaneB.AnnandJane’sC.Ann’sandJane’s典型例題解析NOUN.23第二十三頁，共27頁。指點(diǎn)迷津Tenyears______(is,are)shorttimeforme.Apairofshoes______(is,are)underthebed.Thenumberoft