2022-2023年黑龍江省大興安嶺地區(qū)大學(xué)英語6級大學(xué)英語六級測試卷(含答案)

2022-2023年黑龍江省大興安嶺地區(qū)大學(xué)英語6級大學(xué)英語六級測試卷(含答案)學(xué)校:________班級:________姓名:________考號:________

一、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(20題)1.IsStressMakingYouFat?

TheTriggerThatCausestheMostTrouble

Ourancestorsatetosurvive.Theyatebecausetheywerehungryormaybetocelebrateavictoryoverawarringtribe.Weeatbecausewe'rehungry,too,butalsowhenwe'restressed,angry,bored,depressed,frustrated,andbusy.

Stressmayactuallybetheeatingtriggerthatcausesthemosttrouble.Manyofushavehighlevelsofchronicstress,whetherit'sfromwork,relationshiptroublesorto-doliststhatarelongerthanRoute66.Ourbodiesrespondtothisstressthesamewayourancestors'bodiesdid:triggering"fightorflight"chemicalsinthebrainthatleadtocalorieaccumulationandfatstorage.Butthedifferenceisthatwehaveplentyoffoodatourdisposal.Soweendupcontinuallyupgradingthesizeofourstorageunit.

Whenyouhavechronicstress,yourbodystepsupitsproductionofcortisol(皮質(zhì)醇)andinsulin(胰島素).Yourappetiteincreases,andsodothechancesyou'llengageineatingintheform.ofhigh-caloriesweetsandfats.That,inturn,makesyoustoremorefat,pumpingevenmoreofitintotheliver.Thiscreatesaresistancetoinsulin,whichmakesyousecrete(分泌)moreinsulintocompensate.Andthatmakesyouhungrierthanamuzzledwolf.

Whenyoutrytocombatstresswithfood,youactivatetherewardcenterofyourbrain.Butafterthatinitialfeelgoodsystemwearsoff,you'llreachagainforthesamethingthatmadeyoufeelgood,calmandrelaxedinthefirstplace:morefood.That'swhyit'samyththatovereatingistriggeredmainlybyextremehunger.It'samyththatcravingsaredictatedbyourtastebuds.Andit'samyththatwecanresisttemptationsifwejustputourmindstoit.

Yourgoal:tokeepyourfeel-goodhormones(荷爾蒙)level.Thatwillprovideasteadystateofsatisfactionsothatyouneverexperiencethosehugehormonalhighsandlowsthatmakeyousearchforgood-for-your-brain,bad-for-your-bellyfoods.Thefollowingtipswillhelp.

MakeFoodsWorkinYourFavor

Foodshavedifferenteffectsonyourstomach,yourbloodandyourbrain.Herearesomethatmayhelpyourhungerandthebrainchemicalsthataffectit.

Fishandwalnutsarerichinfattyacids,whichhavelongbeenknownascholesterolclearers.Butthey'vealsobeenshowntohelpwithdepressioninpregnantwomen.Depressioncontributestoemotionalovereating.Eatingfoodsthatcontainthefattyacidsmayhelpliftourspirits.

Greenteacontainscatechins(兒茶酚),thoughttoinhibitthebreakdownoffatsaswellastheproductionofasubstancethatcantriggerhunger.Onestudyshowsthatdrinkingthreeglassesofgreenteaadaycanhelpyoureducebodyweightbyalmostfivepercentinthreemonths.

SleepYourselfSlim

Whenyourbodydoesn'tgettheseventoninehoursofsleepitneedseverynighttobecomerefreshed,itlooksforotherwaystocompensateforyourbrainnotsecretingthenormalamountsoffeel-goodchemicals.Howdoesittypicallydothis?Bycravingsugaryfoodsthatwillgiveyouanimmediatereleaseofthesechemicals.

Thelackofsleepthrowsoffyourentiresystem.Itcanbecomeanevenbiggerfactorasyouage.Somakesureyougetenoughshut-eye.Itcanhelpkeepyouthin.

Variety:TheSpiceofLife?

Varietymaybethespiceoflife,butitcanalsoleadtoovereating.Whenyouhavealotofchoicesforameal,it'seasiertoslipoutofgoodeatinghabitsandintobadones.Whenyousitdownatadinnerandarepresentedwithamenuthat'sthesizeofaphonebook,it'seasytogivein.

Onewaytohelp:Eliminatethechoicesforatleastonemealaday.Pickthemealyourushthroughmost.Formostpeople,it'slunch.Sofindahealthylunchyoureallylike-saladwithchickenandoliveoil,orturkeyonwhole-grainbread—andhav

A.YB.NC.NG

2.

Whatdoes"giveitago"inParagraph5mean?

A.Letitgo.B.Gooutside.C.Setupagoal.D.Haveatry.

3.

Accordingtotheracerules,dogsforracemusthave______.

4.

TheexperienceoftheforeignteacherinChengduremindsusofaChinesesaying"afallintothepit,againinyourwit".

A.YB.NC.NG

5.

Whatwillhappentoaperson'shealthinsuranceafteranearlyretirement?

A.Hewilllosealltheprotectionagainstmedicalproblem.

B.Hewillbecoveredbythesamepolicyforacertaintime.

C.Hedoesn'thavetopayforthehealthinsuranceanylonger.

D.Heonlyhastopaypartofhismonthlyinsurancepremium.

6.

Asearlyas1896scientistssuggestedthatburningfossilfuelsmightchange______.

7.

Toaccomplishthesameactivities,thecapabilityandperformanceofadvancedautomatedsystemsnowdobetterinmanywaysthanhumanabilities.

A.YB.NC.NG

8.

Forthosewhojuststarttoexercise,thebestwaytoavoidfatigueandmusclepainisto______.

9.

Playingintheathleticfields,childrenstillneed______sothattheplaytimecanbemoreeffectiveandproductive.

10.

Theoxidationofthedecayeddeadalgalbodiescan't______.

A.lowertheamountofoxygeninthefiverwater

B.makethewatertastebadly

C.makethewaterunsuitableforhumanconsumption

D.makethebacteriadead

11.

InmanyAsiancultures,one'sperceptionsofphysicalrealityarebelievedtobebasedon______.

12.

IfAmericansaren'tcompetitiveinscience,theycannotsurvivetheseverecompetitionbetweendevelopedcountries.

A.YB.NC.NG

13.

AccordingtoBenner,biomolecule'sstructureandhistoryarehelpfulforitsunderstanding.

A.YB.NC.NG

14.In1944,governmentofficialswereinterestedinFuller'sfamilydwellingbecauseitcouldbe______.

15.

Naturalgastrappedinundergroundreservoirsisextractedby__________________.

16.WhichisoneoftheservicesofferedbyKelly?

A.TomakesureyourCVmeetstherequirements.

B.TohelpfilltheCVonline.

C.TohelphandyourCVtothecompanies.

D.Toestablishatimetableforyou.

17.

______iscalled"blackcarbon"pollution.

18.AccordingtoRamjee,thecombinationof______ispossiblythemosteffectiveinpreventingHIVvirusfromtransmittingduringintercourse.

19.ForpeoplewhoplantodependonUIforaperiodoftime,theyshouldperiodicallyinform.theunemploymentofficeabout______.

20.

Asmallpopulationmayundergogeometric,orexponentialgrowthwhenintroducedintoafavorableenvironment.

A.YB.NC.NG

二、3.ListeningComprehension(20題)21.(45)

22.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.

聽力原文：W:It'samiraclethatRobertcameoutoftheaircrashalive.

M:That'sindeedamiracle.Alltheotherpassengerswerekilled.

Q:Whatdowelearnfromtheconversation?

(12)

A.Robertsurvivedtheplanecrash.

B.Allthepassengerswerekilledintheplanecrash.

C.Robertwaskilledintheaircrash.

D.Robertisawonder-workingperson.

23.(31)

A.Somedevelopedcountries.

B.Countriesthatwantedtoborrowmoney.

C.Allthemembercountries.

D.TheWorldBank.

24.(32)

A.Buyingwhattheywantatwill.

B.Helpingwithhomework.

C.Givingittoagoodcause.

D.Savingit.

25.(21)

A.Thelanguagelaboratory.

B.Travel.

C.Studyinginhighschool.

D.GoingtomoviesandwatchingTV.

26.(14)

A.Anapartmentbuilding.

B.Astadium.

C.Atheater.

D.Arace-track.

27.(15)

A.Hetoldthewomantotakesevencoursesthissemester.

B.Heknewthatthewoman'sschedulewouldbetoodifficultforher.

C.Hiscurrentscheduleisalsoverydemanding.

D.Takingsomanyclasseswillenablethewomantograduateearly.

28.(34)

A.Peopleshowgreatermentalabilitiesinmildweatherthaninextremelyhotorcoldweather.

B.Heathaslesseffectonpeople'sintelligencethanthecolddoes.

C.Peoplearemoreintelligentoncloudydays.

D.Temperaturehasnothingtodowithpeople'sintelligence.

29.(28)

A.Becausetheyarrivedtheretoolate.

B.Becausetheycan'tstandseeingthetragicscene.

C.Becausethepolicedidn'tallowthemtoseeit.

D.Becausetheyshouldnotdestroythescene.

30.【B6】

31.聽力原文：W:Doyouwantanythingelse?

M:Yes,tstillwantsomesalad,somebreadandsomesoup.

Q:Wheredoestheconversationmostprobablytakeplace?

(17)

A.Atahospital.

B.Atalibrary.

C.Atabookstore.

D.Atarestaurant.

32.聽力原文：M:Idon'tenjoydatinganymore.Ican'tseemtofindanyoneIhaveanythingincommonwith.

W:Don'tfeeldiscouraged.Bepatient.Asyouaresodistinguished,youwilldefinitelyfindtherightpersonwhoisrightforyou.

M:Totellyouthetruth,Iamtiredofbeingalone,IhopetofindmyMrs.Right.WhatshouldIdo?

W:DoyoubelieveinInternetmatchmakingservice?

M:That'sreallyanewwalkoflife.Whatisitexactly?

W:Ithelpsmatchupsinglestheworldover,andhelpsfindthemanandwomanoftheirdreams.

M:Oh,itmustbetothetasteofacertaingroupofpeople.

W:TheadvertisementsaidDreamDateshasmatchedupthousandsofsinglestheworldover!

M:Unbelievable!Theymustbeexaggeratingthefigure!

W:Lookatthewaytheymanagetheirbusiness:theycollectapplicants'photos,andgivetheapplicantsquestionnairestofilloutastowhattypeofcharactertheyare.

M:Idon'tbelieveseveralquestionscandecidethetypeofpersonyou're,People'scharactersarecomplicatedandkeepchangingallthetime.

W:Anyway,itseemsthatthingsworkwellthisway.Theinformationandspecificationswillbeenteredinalargecomputerdatabase.

M:Acomputertodecideyourbestdate?That'sreallyridiculous!

W:Look,itpromises:DreamDatesprovidesexpertdatingserviceandaplaceforsinglestomeet,We'llintroduceyoutothepersonuniquelyqualifiedtobeyourpartner.

M:Sheerslogans!Notreliable!

W:Itsaysyoucanenrollinafreetrialmembership!

M:Iwon'tdoiteventheypaymeforthat!

W:Well,wedon'thavetobelievethis.MaybeIcantellJohnandseewhetherhe'dliketotryit.

(20)

A.Becausehecan'tfindanidealdate.

B.Becauseheistoocommonaperson.

C.Becausehehasfailedtorealizehisdreams.

D.BecausebeisdeceivedbyMrs.Right.

33.聽力原文：W:Whydidn'tyouhaveyourgeologyclasstoday?

M:Onlythreeoutofaclassoftwenty-fiveshowedup.Sincetheprofessorhadplannedtopresentacomplexdemonstration,hedecidedtocanceltheclassuntileverybodycouldbepresent.

Q:Whydidn'tthegeologyclassmeettoday?

(18)

A.Theclassthoughtthedemonstrationwastoocomplex.

B.Toomanystudentsshowedup.

C.Theprofessordidn'tshowup.

D.Theprofessorcancelledit.

34.SectionC

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthe

聽力原文：LastAugustSusanand42otherstudentsgotwetanddirtywhileremoving6tonsofgarbagefromtheriverrunningacrosstheircity.Theycleaneduptheriveraspartofaweeklongenvironmentalcamp.LikeoneinthreeAmericanrivers,thisriverissopollutedthatit'sunsafeforswimmingandfishing.Still,Susan,whohasjustcompletedherthirdsummerontheriverclean-up,seesachangeinthisriver."Sincewestarted3yearsago,theriverisgettingalotcleaner."Shesays.Environmentalscientistspraisetheteenagersforremovingthegarbagethatcanharmthewildlife.Waterbirds,forexample,canchokeonplasticbottleringsandgetcutbyscrapmetal.Threeyearsago,whentheclean-upstarted,garbagewaseverywhere.Butthisyear,theteenagershadtohuntforgarbage.Theyturnedtheclean-upintoacompetitiontoseewhocanfindthemostgarbageandunloadtheirboatsfastest.Bytheendofthesix-hourshift,theyhadremovedenoughgarbagetofillmorethantwolargetrucks."Seeingallthatgarbageintherivermakespeoplebegintocareaboutenvironmentalissues."Susansays.Shehopesthatwhenothersreadthatsheandherpeerscareenoughtocleanitup,maybetheywillthinktwicebeforetheythrowthegarbageintheriver.

LastAugustSusanand42otherstudentsgotwetanddirtywhile(36)______6tonsofgarbagefromtheriverrunningacrosstheircity.Theycleaneduptheriveraspartofaweeklongenvironmental(37)______.LikeoneinthreeAmericanrivers,thisriverissopollutedthatit'sunsafefor(38)______andfishing.Still,Susan,whohasjustcompletedherthirdsummerontheriver(39)______,seesachangeinthisriver."Sincewestarted3yearsago,theriverisgettingalotcleaner."Shesays.Environmentalscientistspraisethe(40)______forremovingthegarbagethatcanharmthewildlife.Waterbirds,forexample,can(41)______onplasticbottleringsandgetcutbyscrapmetal.Threeyearsago,whentheclean-upstarted,garbagewas(42)______.Butthisyear,theteenagershadto(43)______forgarbage.(44)____________.Bytheendofthesix-hourshift,(45)____________."Seeingallthatgarbageintherivermakespeoplebegintocareaboutenvironmentalissues."Susansays.Shehopesthatwhenothersreadthatsheandherpeerscareenoughtocleanitup,(46)____________.

35.(29)

A.Time.B.Memory.C.Habit.D.Textbook.

36.SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.

聽力原文：F,KevinRosedidn'tneedanalarmclock."By6a.m.,Iwasupandonthecomputer,"herecalls."(26)Itwasthesheerfearofnotknowingwhatwasonmyownhomepage."

Here'swhy:experiencededitorsdonotdeliberateoverDigg'sfrontpage.It'sstrictlyapopularitycontest.Userspostnewsstoriesandimagesfoundanywherefromthewebsitesofbignewspaperstosmallblogs—andwiththeclickofabutton,otheruserseither"digg"theitems(meaningtheylikethem)or"bury"them(meaningtheydon't).

(27)KevinRosestartedDiggasan"experiment".Buthequithisdayjobwithinmonths,Today,thesitegets35milliondifferentvisitorsamonth.WhenhestartedDigg,hethought,"IfthiscanpaymyrentandIcanstaycoolinmyapartmentanddrinkmyteaandhaveanawesomelittleoffice,that'dbemorethanIcouldaskfor."AsachildinLasVegas,Rosewas"themostunpopularkidinschool".Intheearly'90s,hepersuadedhisparentstobuyhimhisowncomputer,whichheusedtotalktechnologyinchatrooms.

(28)Likemanywebsites,Digghasn'tyetfiguredouthowtotransform.itstrafficintoprofit.Nonetheless,itcontinuestodevelop.Diggnowrecommendsstoriestousersbasedonotherstoriestheylike.Italsoletsthemvoteonquestionstheywanttoaskpoliticiansandfamouspeople.

(27)

A.Becausehewasexcitedaboutthewebsite.

B.Becausehewaskeenoncomputers.

C.Becausehewasanxiousaboutthewebsite.

D.Becausehewaseagertosucceedinthewebsite.

37.(25)

A.Preparingfood,lookingafterchildrenandotherhousework.

B.Nursing,cleaning,mowingthelawnandcar-pooling.

C.Workingextrahourstohelpsupportpoorfamily.

D.Takingpartinasortofwomenliberationmovement.

38.聽力原文：StrikesareverycommoninBritain.Theyareextremelyharmfultoitsindustries.Infact,thereareothercountriesinWesternEuropethatlosemoreworkingdaysthroughstrikeseveryyearthanBritain.ThetroublewiththestrikesinBritainisthattheyoccurinessentialindustries.Thereareover495unionsinBritain.Someunionsareverysmall.Over20havemorethan100000members.Unionsdonotexistonlytodemandhigherwages.Theyalsoeducatetheirmembers.Theyprovidebenefitsforthesickandtrytoimproveworkingconditions.Tradeunionistssaythatwemustthanktheunionsforthegreatimprovementinworkingconditionsinthelasthundredyears.Itisnowagainstthelawforunionmemberstogoonstrikewithoutthesupportoftheirunion.Thiskindofstrikeiscalledunofficialstrikeandwascommonuntilrecently.Employersfeelthatunofficialstrikesweremostharmfulbecausetheywouldglutbepredicted.However,theseunofficialstrikesstilloccurfromtimetotimeandsomeunionshavealsorefusedtocooperatewiththelaw.Asaresult,thegeneralpictureoftherelationsbetweenworkersandemployersinBritainhasgonefrombadtoworse.

(30)

A.Theyoftentakeplaceinhermajorindustries.

B.Britishtradeunionsaremorepowerful.

C.TherearemoretradeunionmembersinBritain.

D.Britainlosesmoreworkingdaysthroughstrikeseveryyear.

39.

【B4】

40.聽力原文：M:I'mthinkingaboutgoingforabitetonight.Doyouhaveanysuggestions?

W:HowabouttheFrenchflavornearmyhome?I'mfedupwithalltheItalianfoodthestudentcanteenoffers.

Q:Whatcanwelearnfromtheconversation?

(15)

A.Thewomanwantstoeatatthestudentcanteen.

B.Thewomanisfedupwithcanteenfood.

C.ThewomanwantstoeatFrenchdinneratherhome.

D.ThewomanlikestheItalianfoodmost.

三、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(20題)41.

Thelastsentenceofthepassageexpresses______.

A.theauthor'scriticismofcommunitybasedformsoftreatment

B.people'sfalsebeliefthattheycangettroubleoutoftheirsight

C.theauthor'sconcernaboutthesecurityofsomecommunities

D.thedisputesbetweenneighborsabouttheownershipofsomehouses

42.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.

Theearliestknowngalaxiesintheuniverse,whichformedduringtheuniverse's"darkage"nearly13billionyearsago,havebeenspiedbytwoteamsofastronomers.

Thediscoveries,reportedseparatelyinthisweek'sissueofthejournalNature,suggestthatgalaxieswereformingjust700millionyearsafterthebirthoftheuniverse.

Theoryholdsthattheuniverseformed13.7billionyearsagowhenanextremelydenseconcentrationofmassrapidlyexpandedinaneventknownasthebigbang.

Theuniversehasbeenexpandingeversince,soastronomersareabletoagegalaxiesbycomputinghowmuchthewavelengthoftheirlighthasstretched—orredshifted--astheexpansiontakesthegalaxiesfartherfromEarth.Theredderthelightis,theolderandmoredistantthegalaxyis.

Thedetectionofsuchancientgalaxiesaddsintrigue(神秘色彩)totheoriesofhowtheveryfirstgalaxiesformed,accordingtoastronomers.

Weretheremanylarge,younggalaxiesintheearlyuniversethatareobscuredfromastronomers'viewbyabundantgasesabsorbingtheirlight?Orweregalaxiesrareandsmallwaybackthen,asaprevailingtheorysuggests,andlaterclumpedtogethertoform.largergalaxiessuchastheMilkyWay?

"Webelievethatweneedboththeseprocessestoexplainwhatwesee,"MasanoriIye,aprofessorattheNationalAstronomicalObservatoryofJapan,saidinanemail.

Thegalaxy,calledIOK-1,formedabout750millionyearsafterthebigbang—60millionyearsclosertotheeventthanthepreviousrecordholder.

Giventhenumberofgalaxiesfoundduringalaterepochabout810millionyearsago,theresearchershadexpectedtofindasmanyassixgalaxieslikeIOK-1.Butthecomparativerarity(稀有)ofobjectslikeIOK-1meansthattheuniversemusthavechangedsignificantlyoverthe60millionyearsthatseparatethetwoepochs,theteamsuggests.

Iyeandcolleaguesbelievethattheyarewitnessingthelastphaseofaprocessknownasreionization(再次電離).

AccordingtoIye,about380,000yearsafterthefieryhotbigbang,theuniversecooledsomuchthatprotonsandelectronsrecombinedtoform.neutralhydrogen.Thisisknownasthebeginningofthedarkageoftheuniverse,becauseneutralhydrogenabsorbsthelightfromstars.

Asmoregalaxiesstaredtoform.about300millionyearslater,thehotstarsheatedtheintergalactic(銀河間的)mediumandgraduallyreionizedtheneutralhydrogenbacktoprotonsandelectrons.Theionizedhydrogenthenbecamemoretransparent,allowingthegalaxieslighttopassthrough.

Iyesaidthenewresultssupporttheideathatneutralhydrogenwasstillabundant750millionyearsafterthebigbang,blockingevenoldergalaxiesfromview."Wearestartingtoseethelastphaseofcosmicreionization,orthedawnofthecosmicdarkage,"hesaid.

Iyeaddedthatthediscoveryalsosupportsthe"hierarchical"theoryofgalaxyformation,whichsuggeststhatbig,brightgalaxiesformedassmallergalaxiescollidedandmerged."Theepochwehaveprobedisyetinthiscriticalstage,"hesaid.

Accordingtothediscoveriesoftheastronomers,whendidgalaxiesform?

43.

Judgingfromthecontext,thispassageisprobablywritten______.

A.in2004B.between2003—2004C.in2005D.between2004—2005

44.

【C5】

45.

Whatdoestheauthorwanttotellinthelastparagraph?

A.TheworkingexperiencefromNewZealandtoSwitzerlandisdifferentfromthatinCanada.

B.Earningone'slivingandgainingworkingexperiencewillmakeone'sgapyearmoremeaningful.

C.Thehighcostforagapyearisworthwhile.

D.ItisapositivewaytohaveagapyearBeforeapplyingforauniversity.

46.TheDemocraticandRepublicanpartiesarethelargestandmostcompetitiveorganizationsintheAmericancommunity.AmericansalmostinevitablybecomeDemocratsorRepublicansbecausethereisusuallynootherplaceforthemgoto.Moreover,becausetherivalryofthesepartiesisveryold,mostAmericansknowwheretheybelonginthesystem.Asaconsequenceofthedominanceofthemajorparties,mostelectedofficialsareeitherRepublicansorDemocrats.Attemptstobreakupthisoldpoliticalsystemhavebeenmadeineverypresidentialelectioninthepastonehundredyears,butthesystemhassurvivedallassaults.

HowdoesithappenthatthesystemissostronglyrootedinAmericanpolitics?Theexplanationisprobablytobefoundinthewayelectionsareconducted.IntheUnitedStates,unlikecountrieswithaparliamentarysystemofgovernment,weelectnotonlythePresident,butalargenumberofotherofficials.Wealsoelectcongressmenfromsingle-memberdistricts.Forexample,weelect435membersoftheHouseofRepresentativesfrom435districts(thereareafewexceptions),onememberforeachdistrict.Statistically,thiskindofelectionfavorsthemajorparties.Thesystemofelectionsmakesiteasyforthemajorpartiestomaintaintheirdominantposition,becausetheyarelikelytowinmorethantheirshareoftheoffices.

Inover200yearsofconstitutionalhistory,Americanshavelearnedmuchaboutthewayinwhichthepoliticalsystemcanbemanagedsoastomakepossiblethepeacefultransferofpowerfromonepartytotheother.Atthelevelofpresidentialelections,thepartyinpowerhasbeenoverturnedbythepartyoutofpowernineteentimes,almostonceadecade.Intheelectionof1860,thepoliticalsystembrokedown,andtheCivilWar,theworstdisasterinAmericanhistory,resulted.Ourhistoryjustifiesourconfidenceinthesystembutalsoshowsthatitisnotfoolproof.

Thesecondmajorpartyisabletosurviveadefeatbecausethestatisticaltendencythatexaggeratesthevictoryofthewinningpartyoperatesevenmorestronglyinfavorofthesecondpartyagainstthethird,fourth,andfifthparties.Asaresult,thedefeatedmajorpartyisabletomaintainamonopolyoftheopposition.Theadvantageofthesecondpartyoverthethirdissogreatthatitistheonlypartythatislikelytobeabletooverturnthepartyinpower.Itisable,therefore,toattractthesupportofeveryoneseriouslyopposedtothepartyinpower.Thesecondpartyisimportantaslongasitcanmonopolizethemovementtooverthrowthepartyinpower,becauseitiscertaintocomeintopowersoonerorlater.

Accordingtothepassage,what'sthefundamentalreasonforthecoexistenceoftwomajorparties?

A.Theelectionsystem.

B.Theparliamentarysystemofgovernment.

C.Thelargenumberofrepresentatives.

D.Thedifferentelectiondistricts.

47.

Thearticlewaswrittentoexplain______.

A.thegreenhouseeffect

B.themodelsofsolar-weatherinteractions

C.thesolareffectsonearth

D.thecausesaffectingweather

48.

【C2】

49.Akeyloggerisasoftwarethatcouldbeusedto______.

50.

Whatistheskeptics'(Line3,Para.3)viewofmediaviolence?

A.Violenceontelevisionisafairlyaccuratereflectionofreal-worldlife.

B.Moststudiesexaggeratetheeffectofmediaandviolenceontheviewers.

C.Acausalrelationshipexistsbetweenmediaandreal-worldviolence.

D.Theinfluenceofmediaviolenceonchildrenhasbeenunderestimated.

51.

Theword"exploit"(Line6,Para3)means______.

A.developfurther

B.oppress

C.makeanunfairuseof

D.makeafulluseof

52.

Whydidthemothersof1820triedto"breakthewill"ofthechild?

53.OncolddayspeopleinManhattanliketotaketheirchildrentoPlaySpace,anindoorplaygroundfullofwonderfulclimbingandslidingcontraptions.There'sjustoneirritatingdetail:whenyoupayyourmoney,thecashierpullsoutafelt-tripmarkerandanadhesivelabeltagandasksyouyourname.

"Frum,Isay."No,yourfirstname.""Whatdoyouneedmyfirstnamefor?"Towriteonthetag,soallthechildrenandthestaffwillknowwhattocallyou."Inthatcase,write'Mr.Frum.'"

AtwhichIamshotalookasifIhadaskedtobecalledtoDukeofPlazaToro.

Inencouragingfive-year-oldstoaddressgrownupsbytheirfirstnames,PlaySpaceisonlyslightlyaheadofthetimes.Asajournalist,Ifaithfullyreportthatthecustomofaddressingstrangersformallyisasdeadasthepracticeofleavingavisitingcard.There'shardlyasecretaryleftwhodoesnotreply,whenIgiveamessagefroherboss,"I'lltellhimyoucalled,David."Orapublicrelationsagent,whetherinBangororBangkok,whodoesnotbeginhistelephonicspiel(長篇大論)withacheerful"He