功能加忠誠(chéng)理論諾德FunctionalityplusLoyalty專家講座

functionalityplusloyalty

——ChristianeNord周莉劉美辰功能加忠誠(chéng)理論諾德FunctionalityplusLoyalty專家講座第1頁(yè)MainpartsexamplesBackgroundNord'stheory123功能加忠誠(chéng)理論諾德FunctionalityplusLoyalty專家講座第2頁(yè)第一代功效派翻譯理論

1.

凱瑟林娜?賴斯(Kantharina

Reiss)翻譯標(biāo)準(zhǔn)功效(the

Functional

Category

of

Translation

Criticism)

?提出將文本功效列為翻譯批評(píng)一個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，指出翻譯批評(píng)依據(jù)應(yīng)是原文和譯文二者功效之間關(guān)系。?文本類型理論：信息型，表示型，操作型?譯文必須連貫一致，而這種連貫性取決于譯者對(duì)原文意圖了解。?賴斯理論總體上是建立在對(duì)等理論之上，其實(shí)質(zhì)指是譯文與原文功效對(duì)等。功能加忠誠(chéng)理論諾德FunctionalityplusLoyalty專家講座第3頁(yè)------------------------expressiveOperative

referenceworkreportlecture

biographyplaypoemoperatinginstructionstouristbrochureofficialspeech

satiresermonelectoralspeechadvertisementReiss’stexttypesandtextvarieties功能加忠誠(chéng)理論諾德FunctionalityplusLoyalty專家講座第4頁(yè)2.

漢斯?費(fèi)米爾(HansVermeer)翻譯目標(biāo)論(Skopostheorie)

?三個(gè)法則：目標(biāo)法則，連貫法則，忠實(shí)性法則?以行為理論為基礎(chǔ)，提出“翻譯行為”概念

?全部翻譯遵照首要法則是目標(biāo)法則，翻譯行為所要到達(dá)目標(biāo)決定整個(gè)翻譯行為過(guò)程，即結(jié)果決定方法功能加忠誠(chéng)理論諾德FunctionalityplusLoyalty專家講座第5頁(yè)3.

賈斯塔?赫茲?曼塔利(Justa

Holz

Mantari)

翻譯行為理論(theory

of

translation

action)?翻譯行為理論把翻譯視為有目標(biāo)，重結(jié)果交際活動(dòng)，把翻譯過(guò)程視為與文化轉(zhuǎn)換相關(guān)聯(lián)信息傳遞綜合體（message-transmitter

compounds)?翻譯不是單純地翻譯詞語(yǔ)，句子或文本，而是引導(dǎo)意向中合作，跨越文化障礙，促進(jìn)功效性交際。功能加忠誠(chéng)理論諾德FunctionalityplusLoyalty專家講座第6頁(yè)第二代功效翻譯理論Nord'stheory功效加忠誠(chéng)（FunctionplusLoyalty）

Definition:thetranslatorshouldaimatproducingfunctionaltargettextwhichconformstotherequirementofthetranslationskopos

fixedbytheinitiator,respecting,atthesametime,thelegitimateinterestsofboththeauthoroftheoriginalandthereadersofthetranslation.功能加忠誠(chéng)理論諾德FunctionalityplusLoyalty專家講座第7頁(yè)texttypesandtheirfunctionsTypeFunctionExampleReferential指稱referencetoobjectsandphenomenaoftheworldIt'sraining.(下雨了)Expressive表情expressionofthesender'sattitudeorfeelingstowardstheobjectsandphenomenadealtwithinthetextIt'sbloodypissingdownagain!(討厭，又下雨了！)Appellative訴求appealingtothereceiver'sexperience,feelings,knowledge,sensibilityWaitheretillitstopsraining!(等雨停了再說(shuō)吧！)Phatic寒暄establishing,maintainingorfinishingcontactNastyweatheragain,isn'tit?(見(jiàn)鬼天氣又卷土重來(lái)了，你沒(méi)感覺(jué)到嗎？)ATranslation-orientedModelofTextFunctions(ChristianeNord)功能加忠誠(chéng)理論諾德FunctionalityplusLoyalty專家講座第8頁(yè)referentialfunctioninformativefunction(atrafficaccident)metalingualfunction(aparticularuseoflanguage)instructivefunction(thecorrectwayofhandlingawashingmachine)teachingfunction(e.gGeography)功能加忠誠(chéng)理論諾德FunctionalityplusLoyalty專家講座第9頁(yè)appellativefunctionTypeIntendedreactionillustrativefunctionrecognitionofsomethingknownpersuasivefunctionadoptthesender'sviewpointimperativefunctiondowhatthesenderisaskingforpedagogicalfunction(教育功效)learncertainformsofbehavioradvertisingfunctionbuytheproduct功能加忠誠(chéng)理論諾德FunctionalityplusLoyalty專家講座第10頁(yè)expressivefunctionemotivefunction(expressionoffeelings)evaluativefunction(expressionofevaluation)功能加忠誠(chéng)理論諾德FunctionalityplusLoyalty專家講座第11頁(yè)P(yáng)haticfunctionsalutationalfunction"smalltalk"function"peg"function功能加忠誠(chéng)理論諾德FunctionalityplusLoyalty專家講座第12頁(yè)Twobasictypesoftranslationprocess

·Documentarytranslation(文件性翻譯)·Aninstrumentaltranslation（工具性翻譯）功能加忠誠(chéng)理論諾德FunctionalityplusLoyalty專家講座第13頁(yè)DocumentarytranslationTranslatorsastheauthoroforiginaltexttheauthorSTrecipient功能加忠誠(chéng)理論諾德FunctionalityplusLoyalty專家講座第14頁(yè)紀(jì)實(shí)型翻譯DocumentaryTranslation翻譯功效為目口號(hào)文化讀者統(tǒng)計(jì)原語(yǔ)文化交際互動(dòng)翻譯類型紀(jì)實(shí)型翻譯翻譯形式逐行對(duì)照翻譯逐詞對(duì)應(yīng)翻譯語(yǔ)文學(xué)翻譯異國(guó)情調(diào)翻譯翻譯目標(biāo)再現(xiàn)原語(yǔ)系統(tǒng)再現(xiàn)原語(yǔ)形式再現(xiàn)原文形式+內(nèi)容再現(xiàn)原文形式、內(nèi)容+情景翻譯焦點(diǎn)原語(yǔ)詞匯結(jié)構(gòu)+句法原文詞匯單位原文句法單位原文文本（語(yǔ)篇）單位舉例說(shuō)明對(duì)比語(yǔ)言學(xué)新聞文本中引語(yǔ)希臘和拉丁經(jīng)典名著當(dāng)代文學(xué)中小說(shuō)（散文）功能加忠誠(chéng)理論諾德FunctionalityplusLoyalty專家講座第15頁(yè)AnInstrumentalTranslationtargetculturecommunicationAnewcommunicativeactionfulfillitscommunicativepurposeEg:Acomputermanualorsoftware功能加忠誠(chéng)理論諾德FunctionalityplusLoyalty專家講座第16頁(yè)工具型翻譯InstrumentalTranslation工具型翻譯功效保留翻譯（Function-preservingTranslation)或叫等同功效翻譯（Equi-functionalTranslation)比如：科技文件、商務(wù)信函、操作手冊(cè)、電腦說(shuō)明書(shū)翻譯等。異質(zhì)功效翻譯（HeterofunctionalTranslation)比如：莎士比亞戲劇被改譯成兒童故事讀物。相同翻譯（HomologousTranslation)比如：“詩(shī)人譯詩(shī)”做法。功能加忠誠(chéng)理論諾德FunctionalityplusLoyalty專家講座第17頁(yè)忠實(shí)（fidelity,faithfulness）與忠誠(chéng)a.fidelityorfaithfulnessreferstotherelationshipbetweensourcetextandtargettext.eg.literaltranslation(直譯)freetranslation(意譯)功能加忠誠(chéng)理論諾德FunctionalityplusLoyalty專家講座第18頁(yè)b.loyaltyisaninterpersonalcategoryreferringtoasocialrelationshipbetweenpeople.(忠誠(chéng)是一個(gè)翻譯上倫理道義標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。)author;commissioner→→translator←←targetreaders

eg.LadyChatterley’sLover(《查特萊夫人情人》）

LivingHistory(《親歷歷史：希拉里回想錄》)

功能加忠誠(chéng)理論諾德FunctionalityplusLoyalty專家講座第19頁(yè)1.functinalityandloyaltyinfilmdobbingKungFuPandaSo,youwanttogettosleep.那么是你想睡覺(jué)了Yeah.I'mkeepingyouup.你要睡了我在打攪你Wegotbigthingstomorrow.我們明天還有大事要干.allright.You'reawesome.Lastthingi'mgonnasay.Bye-bye.你很牛！我就說(shuō)這些啦，OK拜拜～

功能加忠誠(chéng)理論諾德FunctionalityplusLoyalty專家講座第20頁(yè)2.functionalityandloyaltyinbusinesstranslation安徽大學(xué)劉俊烈在譯“渦陽(yáng)苔干”廣告時(shí)，有這么一個(gè)句子:“(苔干)有清熱降壓、通經(jīng)脈、壯筋骨、去口臭、解熱毒酒毒及治療心臟病、神經(jīng)官能癥、消化不良、貧血諸功效?！彼@么處理:Taiganhasbeenbelievedtobeabletoproducecertainmedicaleffects，namely，toallayafever，toreducehyp