-孤立微電網(wǎng)與可再生混合發(fā)電

外文翻譯中文題目：孤立微電網(wǎng)與可再生混合發(fā)電IsolatedMicro-GridsWithRenewableHybridGeneration:TheCaseofLengoisIslandAbstract-InBrazil,around2000000familieshavenotbeenconnectedtoanelectricitygridyet.Outofthese,asignificantnumberofvillagesmayneverbeconnectedtothenationalgridduetotheirremoteness.Forthepeoplelivinginthesecommunities,accesstorenewableenergysourcesistheonlysolutiontomeettheirenergyneeds.Inthesecommunes,theelectricityismainlyusedforhouseholdpurposessuchaslighting.Thereislittlescopefortheproductiveuseofenergy.Itisrecognizedthatelectricservicecontributesparticularlytoinclusivesocialdevelopmentandtoalesserextenttopro-poorgrowthaswellastoenvironmentalsustainability.Inthispaper,wepresentthespecification,design,anddevelopmentofastandalonemicro-gridsuppliedbyahybridwind-solargeneratingsource.Thegoaloftheprojectwastoprovideareliable,continuous,sustainable,andgood-qualityelectricityservicetousers,asprovidedinbiggercities.Asaconsequence,severaltechnicalchallengesaroseandwereovercomesuccessfullyaswillberelatedinthispaper,contributingtoincreaseofconfidenceinrenewablesystemstoisolatedapplications.IndexTerms-Hybridenergysystems,solarenergy,standalonemicro-grids,windenergy.INTRODUCTIONThemotivationbehindtheuseofrenewableenergysourcesisthereductionofCOemissionsandimprove-mentofhumankind'squalityoflife.Thisisespeciallytrueinisolated,standalone,smallislandswheretheaccesstorenewableenergysourcesistheonlysolutiontomeettheirenergyneeds.Analternativeistheusemicro-gridsuppliedbycentralizedhybridsystems,wherethecombinationofseveralnaturalresourcesguaranteesasteadyenergygeneration.Micro-gridsarethecentralizedalternativetodistributedonetosupplyelectricalenergytohomesinisolatedcommunities.Themainadvantagesarerelativelessermaintenancecostandbestexplorationoftheinstalledpower.Inrecentyears,agrowinginterestformicro-gridshasbeenobservedinthetechnicalliterature.Recenttechnicalpublicationsincludeanalyticalmodeling,studiesfocusingoperationandperformance,pilotprojects,andotheradvancedtopics.Is-suesrelatedtovoltagecontrollerdesignmethodsfordc-acconverterssupplyingpowertoamicrogridandprotectionshavebeenaddressedbyseveralrecentworks[l]-[5].In[6],thefeasibilityofcontrolstrategiestobeadoptedfortheoperationofamicro-gridwhenitbecomesisolatedaredescribedandevaluated.In[7],theoperationofacentralcontrollerformicro-gridsisdescribed.Thegoalistooptimizeinterconnectedoperation,byoptimizingtheproductionofthelocaldistributedgenerations(DGs)andpowerexchangeswiththemaindistributiongrid.In[8],anoverviewofthemicro-gridoperationispresentedincludingexperiencesfromdifferentcountries.In[9]-[l1],relevantissuesrelatedtodynamicbehaviorofmicro-gridsbothundergridconnectedandautonomousoperationarecovered.Eventhoughtherearedifferentkindsofcombinationsofinternalenergysources[12],acommoncombinationforisolatedmicro-gridsisthesolarphotovoltaicandwindturbines[13].Thesesystemshaveshowntobeadequateforstandaloneapplicationsinareasofdifficultaccess[14],[15]beingresponsibleforthedecreasingoreventheeliminationofdieselusage.In[16],aninterestingreviewofpracticalapplicationsusinghybridsystemsispresented.Themajorproblemsreportedarerelatedtocost,performance,andreliability,andinstitutionalproblems.Thesechallengeshaverequiredconsiderableefforttoachievesmallisolatedsystemsthatarebotheconomicallyandtechnicallysustainable.Inordertooptimizethedesignandoperationofhybridsystems,severalpapershavebeenpublished.In[17],theoptimaldesignofahybridwind-solarpowersystemforeitherautonomousorgrid-linkedapplicationsisproposed.Themethodemployslinearprogrammingtechniquestominimizetheaverageproductioncostofelectricitywhilemeetingtheloadrequirementsinareliablemanner,andtakesenvironmentalfactorsintoconsiderationbothinthedesignandoperationphases.In[18],anautomaticproceduretoperformtheoptimalsizingofagridconnectedhybridsolarwindpowersystembasedonfuzzylogicandmultiobjectiveoptimizationhasbeenproposed.Bothtechnicalandeconomicalobjectivefunctionsaretakenintoaccountintheoptimizationprocedure;thetechnicalobjective,relatedtosystemreliability,isexpressedbytheEnergyIndexofReliability.In[19],asupporttechniquetohelpdecisionmakersstudytheinfluencingfactorsinthedesignofahybridsolar-windpowersystemforgrid-linkedispresented.In[20],thedevelopmentofacomputationalmodelforoptimalsizingofasolar-windhybridenergysystemispresented.Theperformanceofasolarandwindsystemisevaluatedthroughmoreaccurateandpracticalmathematicalmodels,combinedwithhourlymeasuredmeteorologicalinputdataandloaddata.Inpractice,reliability,cost,andsustainabilityfactorsarestronglylinked.Systemswithlowreliabilityarenotattractiveeitherforconsumersorinvestors.Thisleadstostagnationoftheeconomyinplaceswithoutelectricalenergy.Underthismotivation,thispaperpresentsthedesignandimplementationofastandalonehybridpowergenerationsystemthatmeetsthefollowingrequirements:)Provideelectricalenergy24hoursadaytoconsumers,withreliabilityandqualitysimilar(orbetterthan)tobigcities.2)Robustness:thesystemmusthaverobustoperationwithouttheinterventionofspecializedpeople.3)Equipmentmustbedesignedtooperateinacentralizedwayandinadverseconditions(marineenvironmentandhightropicaltemperatures).4)Remotemonitoring:duetodifficultaccess,thesystemshouldbedesignedtoberemotelymonitored,byusingsatellitecommunicationservice.5)Exploretheavailableprimarycleanenergyresources.6)Efficiency:whereenergyislimited,efficientproceduresandequipmentarerequired.7)Expansionflexibility:futureexpansionsmustbeallowed.8)Accomplishenvironmentalpressure.Takingintoaccounttheserequirements,arobustrenewableenergy-basedstandalonesystemtobringelectricalenergytoisolatedcommunitieshasbeendeveloped.Itisahybridsystembasedonsolarphotovoltaicandwindenergies,conceivedinsuchawaytofullyprovideelectricitytotheenergydemandwithquality,reliability,sustainability,robustness,andwithoutdegradingtheenvironment.ThisisapilotprojectinLenq6is'sIsland,Cururupu,MA,inthenorthofBrazil.Themaincontributionsofthisworkare:l)tointroducemicro-gridconceptsinthedevelopmentofthiskindofapplication;2)toincludeinthevariouscriticalstagesoftheproject,requirementstoimprovetheoverallreliabilityofautonomoussystemsbasedonrenewableenergy;3)applicationofcontrolandautomationtechnologytoprovideacontinuousenergyservice,minimizingemissionsandmaximizingthetrustandcredibilityofcostumersandinvestorsintheelectricserviceprovided.Thepracticalresultsvalidatetheproposal.孤立的微電網(wǎng)與可再生混合發(fā)電：倫索伊斯島為例摘要：在巴西，約2000萬(wàn)個(gè)家庭沒(méi)有連接到電網(wǎng)。在這些家庭中，一些村莊由于偏遠(yuǎn)可能永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)連接到國(guó)家電網(wǎng)。對(duì)于生活在這些地方的人，獲得可再生能源來(lái)滿足其能源需求是唯一的解決方案。在這些市鎮(zhèn)中，電力主要是用于家庭如照明。很少有余地在生產(chǎn)性上利用能源。人們認(rèn)識(shí)到，電力服務(wù)有助于特別是共享社會(huì)的發(fā)展，并在較小程度上發(fā)展扶貧和環(huán)境的可持續(xù)性。在本文中，我們提出規(guī)范，設(shè)計(jì)和開(kāi)發(fā)一個(gè)混合型的風(fēng)力-太陽(yáng)能發(fā)電源供給一個(gè)獨(dú)立的微網(wǎng)。該項(xiàng)目的目標(biāo)是提供一個(gè)可靠的，連續(xù)的，持續(xù)的，優(yōu)質(zhì)的電力服務(wù)給用戶就像給大城市用戶提供的。其結(jié)果是，一些技術(shù)難題的出現(xiàn)，正如即將在本文提及的并成功克服的這些問(wèn)題，它有助于對(duì)孤立的微電網(wǎng)應(yīng)用及可再生能源系統(tǒng)提高信心。關(guān)鍵詞-混合能源系統(tǒng)，太陽(yáng)能，獨(dú)立微電網(wǎng)，風(fēng)能。簡(jiǎn)介利用可再生能源背后的動(dòng)機(jī)是C02的排放和改善人類下降的生活質(zhì)量。尤其在如此孤立，獨(dú)立的小島嶼，其獲得可再生能源來(lái)滿足其能源需求是唯一的解決方案。另一種方法是通過(guò)提供微電網(wǎng)集中式混合系統(tǒng)中的幾個(gè)自然資源來(lái)保證穩(wěn)定的能源發(fā)電。微電網(wǎng)是集中式的替代分布式的供應(yīng)電能，尤其是家在偏遠(yuǎn)的地方。其主要優(yōu)點(diǎn)是相對(duì)較低的維修成本和其高效的安裝功率。近年來(lái)，人們對(duì)微電網(wǎng)有著越來(lái)越大的興趣，這從技術(shù)文獻(xiàn)中可以看出。最近的技術(shù)出版物包括分析建模，研究重點(diǎn)操作和性能，試驗(yàn)項(xiàng)目，以及其他高級(jí)主題到電壓控制器的設(shè)計(jì)方法，DC-AC轉(zhuǎn)換器提供電力來(lái)對(duì)微電網(wǎng)和保護(hù)相關(guān)的問(wèn)題已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)在最近幾個(gè)作品［1］-［5］o在［6］中，一種用于微電網(wǎng)的操作在被采納的控制策略中可行時(shí)，它變成孤立的描述和評(píng)價(jià)。在［7］中，用于微電網(wǎng)的中央控制器的動(dòng)作進(jìn)行說(shuō)明，其目標(biāo)是優(yōu)化互連的操作，通過(guò)優(yōu)化生產(chǎn)本地分布式發(fā)電（分布式電源）和電源的交流與主配電網(wǎng)。在［8］中，微電網(wǎng)操作的概述呈現(xiàn)包括來(lái)自不同國(guó)家的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。在［9］-［11］中，無(wú)論是在電網(wǎng)連接和自主經(jīng)營(yíng)與微電網(wǎng)的動(dòng)力特性有關(guān)問(wèn)題都包括在內(nèi)。盡管有各種不同的內(nèi)部能源［12］,為隔離微電網(wǎng)共同組合的就是太陽(yáng)能發(fā)電和風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)［13］o這些系統(tǒng)已經(jīng)證明是在足夠的交通不便［14］地區(qū)的獨(dú)立使用系統(tǒng)，［15］負(fù)責(zé)在減少甚至消除對(duì)柴油的使用。［16］,采用混合動(dòng)力系統(tǒng)的實(shí)際應(yīng)用中一個(gè)有趣的審查看出。報(bào)道的主要問(wèn)題涉及到成本，性能和可靠性，以及體制問(wèn)題。這些挑戰(zhàn)都需要相當(dāng)大的努力來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)孤立系統(tǒng)是在經(jīng)濟(jì)上和技術(shù)上可行的。為了優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)和混合動(dòng)力的系統(tǒng)操作，數(shù)篇論文已經(jīng)出版。在［17］中，對(duì)于任一自主或網(wǎng)格鏈接