UNIT4SectionⅡ教學(xué)知識(shí)細(xì)解碼Word版含解析

1．powern．權(quán)利，能力→powerfuladj.效能高的；強(qiáng)有力的；強(qiáng)壯的2．realadj.真實(shí)的；實(shí)際存在的；真的；真正的；確實(shí)的→realityn．真實(shí)；現(xiàn)實(shí)→realizevt.實(shí)現(xiàn)；意識(shí)3．sureadj.確信；確知；肯定；有把握；一定，必定→ensurevt.確保，保證4．delivervi.&vt.遞送；傳送→deliveryn．遞送；傳送5．a(chǎn)rguev．爭論；爭吵；爭辯；論證→argumentn．論點(diǎn)；論據(jù)6．concentratevi.專注，專心；集中注意力→concentrationn．專心；專注；集中7．rewardn．獎(jiǎng)賞，回報(bào)vt.獎(jiǎng)賞；給予回報(bào)；酬謝→rewardingadj.有益的；有意義的WordsAndPhraseseq\a\vs4\al(知識(shí)要點(diǎn)1)subscribevi.同意；捐贈(zèng)；訂閱vt.(簽署)文件；捐助(教材P12)tosubscribetonewspapersandmagazines訂閱報(bào)紙和雜志[例1]Whatnewspapersandmagazinesdoyousubscribeto?你訂了什么報(bào)紙和雜志？[例2]I'vepersonallyneversubscribedtotheviewthateithersexissuperiortotheother.我個(gè)人從來都不同意性別有優(yōu)劣之分的觀點(diǎn)。[造句]我訂閱《新科學(xué)家》主要是為了了解科學(xué)的最新進(jìn)展。MymainreasonforsubscribingtoNewScientististokeepinformedofadvancesinscience.[知識(shí)拓展]subscriber(雜志等)訂購者，訂閱者；(手機(jī)、電話等)用戶；捐助者，資助者subscribeto 同意，贊成；訂購subscribesth.to 捐助subscribefor 認(rèn)購(書籍等)[即學(xué)即練]①IsubscribedtoaWomen'sWeeklymagazine.②Thesubscriber(subscribe)youdialedispoweredoff.③Hesubscribes10，000yuantothecharityeveryyear.eq\a\vs4\al(知識(shí)要點(diǎn)2)accountn．賬目；賬戶；說明；理由；計(jì)算；報(bào)道vi.&vt.認(rèn)為；說明；總計(jì)有(教材P13)...setupanaccount．……建立一個(gè)賬戶。[例1]Ipaidthechequeintomysavingsaccount.我把支票存入我的儲(chǔ)蓄賬戶。[例2]Somebanksmakeitdifficulttoopenanaccount.一些銀行把開戶弄得很麻煩。[造句]他詳細(xì)描述了那個(gè)災(zāi)難性的夜晚所發(fā)生的事。Hegaveadetailedaccountofwhathadhappenedonthefatefulnight.[知識(shí)拓展](1)accountfor解釋；說明；占……(比例)(2)onaccountof由于；因?yàn)閛nnoaccount 決不(置于句首時(shí)，句子用部分倒裝)(3)oaccount/consideration＝takeaccountof...考慮……[即學(xué)即練]①Howdoyouaccountforalltheaccidentsinseries?②Onnoaccountshouldyouleavethebabyaloneinthehouse.③Weshouldtakeeverythingintoaccountwhenwearethinkinganddoing.[名師點(diǎn)津]表示“決不”的短語還有：innocase，bynomeans，atnotime，innoway，undernocircumstances等。eq\a\vs4\al(知識(shí)要點(diǎn)3)harmvt.&n．傷害，損害(教材P14)DoyouthinktheInternethelpsorharmsfriendships?你認(rèn)為因特網(wǎng)對(duì)友誼有幫助還是有害？[例1]Theaccidentcouldhavebeenmuchworse；luckilynoharmwasdone.這次事故本來可能糟糕得多；所幸沒有造成任何的傷害。[例2]Ican'tsayIlikeMarkverymuch，butIdon'twishhimanyharm.我不能說我很喜歡馬克，但我并不愿他受到任何的傷害。[造句]我如果傷到你我很抱歉，但是我就是這個(gè)脾氣。I'mreallysorryifIharmedyou，butIhavesuchatemper.[知識(shí)拓展](1)do/causeharmto對(duì)……造成傷害dosb.harm＝doharmtosb.傷害某人；對(duì)某人有害meannoharm 無惡意Thereisnoharmindoingsth. 做某事無害處。(2)harmfuladj. 有害的beharmfulto... 對(duì)……有害[即學(xué)即練]①Ifyouwanttosolvetheproblemthisway，thereisnoharmincalling(call)him.②Workingonthecomputertoomuchdoesharmtoyoureyes.＝Workingonthecomputertoomuchharmsyoureyes.＝Workingonthecomputertoomuchisharmful(harm)toyoureyes.eq\a\vs4\al(知識(shí)要點(diǎn)4)argumentn．論點(diǎn)；論據(jù)；辯論；爭吵(教材P14)Underlinethegeneralideaandthetopicsentenceofeachargument．在其每個(gè)論點(diǎn)的中心思想和主題句下畫線。[例1]Aftersomeheatedargumentadecisionwasfinallytaken.激烈辯論以后終于作出了決定。[例2]Thisargumentsoundsreasonable，butactuallyit'sincorrect.這種論調(diào)貌似有道理，但實(shí)際上是錯(cuò)誤的。[造句]但這個(gè)論證是關(guān)于未來的。Butthisargumentisaboutthefuture.[知識(shí)拓展](1)beyondargument無需爭論haveanargumentwith...over/about就……和……爭論getintoanargumentwith... 和……爭論(2)arguewithsb.about/oversth.與某人爭論某事arguefor/againststh.為支持/反對(duì)某事而辯論argueo/outofdoingsth.說服某人做/不做某事[即學(xué)即練]①Theyarguedfortherighttostrike.②It'snousearguingaboutthequestionwithhimforhewon'tchangehisopinion.③Thespeakerarguedthatmoreforeignersshouldbeadmittedtothecountry.④Theyarguedhimintocycling(cycle)insteadofdrivingthere.eq\a\vs4\al(知識(shí)要點(diǎn)5)replacev．取代，代替；接替；把……放回原位(教材P15)...imagesreallycannotreplaceareal-lifesmileorhug.虛擬形象真的無法取代現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中的微笑或擁抱。[例1]Teacherswillneverbereplacedbycomputersintheclassroom.課堂上電腦永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)取代老師。[例2]Hewillbedifficulttoreplacewhenheleaves.他離開后，他的位置很難有人接替。[造句]你覺得誰會(huì)代替她參加這場演出？Whodoyousupposewillreplaceherontheshow?[知識(shí)拓展]replacesb./sth.代替某人/某物replaceAwith/byB 用B替換/代替Areplacementn. [U]代替；替換[C]替換的人/物taketheplaceof＝replace取代[即學(xué)即練]①Iwishthatsportsdaycouldbeabandonedandreplacedwithsomeotherlesscompetitiveevents.②Thefactoryreplacesthelabourworkbymachines.③Nobodycantaketheplaceofyoutodothework.[小片段填空]Shedidn't①replacethecupafterusingit，anditfelltothegroundandwasbroken，whichmadeherverydisappointed.Herhusbandsuggested②replacingit③withaplasticonesothatitwouldn'tbesoeasytobreak，butshesaidnothingcould④replace/taketheplaceofthiscupasitwasmadeover1，000yearsago.eq\a\vs4\al(知識(shí)要點(diǎn)6)concentratevi.專注，專心；集中注意力(教材P15)...communicatingthroughascreenmakesitmoredifficultforchildrentoconcentrateorshowkindnesstoothers.……通過屏幕進(jìn)行交流，讓孩子們更難集中精力或?qū)λ吮硎居押谩例1]Ican'tconcentratewithallthatnoisegoingon.吵鬧聲不絕于耳，我無法集中精神。[例2]Idecidedtoconcentrateallmyeffortsonfindingsomewheretolive.我決定集中精力找個(gè)住的地方。[造句]假如你不更加專心地工作，你將被解雇。Ifyoudon'tconcentratemoreonyourwork，you'llbedismissed.[知識(shí)拓展](1)concentrateon(doing)sth.專心(做)某事concentrateone'sattention/effort/thoughtson/upon...集中注意力/努力/思想于……(2)concentrationn. 專心；專注[即學(xué)即練]①Theywillconcentrateonteaching(teach)thestudentsreadingandwriting.②Hetriedtoconcentratehisattentiononhischemicalexperiment.③Iknewthatconcentration(concentrate)wasthefirstrequirementforlearning.eq\a\vs4\al(知識(shí)要點(diǎn)7)rewardingadj.有益的；有意義的；報(bào)酬高的(教材P15)...thoughweknowthatthenumberof“l(fā)ikes”orfollowerscannotcomparetohavinglong-termandrewardingfriendships.……盡管我們知道“贊”或追隨者的數(shù)量無法與擁有長期而有益的友誼相比。[例1]Itisaveryrewardingexperiencetoworkthisoutoneself.獨(dú)自解決這個(gè)問題是一次受益匪淺的經(jīng)歷。[例2]Theirfindingssuggestthatothers'opinions，whensharedwithyourown，arerewarding.他們的發(fā)現(xiàn)表明，與你分享他人觀點(diǎn)就是一種回報(bào)。[造句]我真的要說這次旅行對(duì)我很有幫助。Imustsayit'sbeenaveryrewardingtrip.[知識(shí)拓展]rewardn．獎(jiǎng)賞，回報(bào)v. 獎(jiǎng)賞，酬謝，報(bào)答asarewardfor 作為(對(duì)某事的)報(bào)酬/獎(jiǎng)賞give/offerarewardtosb.forsth. 因?yàn)槟呈露o某人報(bào)酬inrewardof為酬謝……；作為對(duì)……的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)inreward＝inreturn作為回報(bào)/報(bào)答rewardsb.with...forsth.為某事而以……報(bào)答某人[即學(xué)即練]①Hewasgivenamedalasarewardforhisservice.②Hiseffortwasrewardedwithremarkablesuccess.③Shegotnothinginrewardforherkindness.eq\a\vs4\al(知識(shí)要點(diǎn)8)contentn．內(nèi)容vt.使?jié)M意，使?jié)M足adj.滿意的，滿足的(教材P15)Inaddition，alotofthecontentpostedonsocialmediaisshallowortrivial.此外，在社交媒體上發(fā)布的很多內(nèi)容都是淺薄或瑣碎的。[例1]Shehadn'treadtheletterandsowasunawareofitscontents.她沒有看過那封信，所以對(duì)其內(nèi)容一無所知。[例2]Myapologyseemedtocontenthim.我的道歉好像使他感到滿意。[造句]我滿足于從山下觀賞山峰。Iamcontenttoadmirethemountainsfrombelow．[知識(shí)拓展]becontenttodosth.＝bewilling/readytodosth.樂意做某事；滿足于做某事becontentwithsth.＝besatisfied/pleasedwithsth.對(duì)某事滿意/滿足contentoneselfwithsth.滿足于……；對(duì)……感到滿意[即學(xué)即練]①Thatrichmanistiredofcitylife，soheiscontenttolive(live)inthecountry.②Tobehonest，I'mverycontentwithmylifeatpresent.③Weshouldnevercontentourselves(us)withbookknowledgeonly.[圖形助記]eq\a\vs4\al(知識(shí)要點(diǎn)9)focusv．集中；聚焦n．中心點(diǎn)；焦點(diǎn)(教材P15)Inmyopinion，friendsshouldfocusmoreonface-to-facecommunication，andlessononlinecommunication.在我看來，朋友們應(yīng)該更多地關(guān)注面對(duì)面的交流，更少地關(guān)注在線交流。[例1]Thediscussionfocusedonthreemainproblems.討論集中在三個(gè)主要問題上。[例2]Itwasthemainfocusofattentionatthemeeting.這是會(huì)議上關(guān)注的主要焦點(diǎn)。[造句]孩子們是她生活的重心。Herchildrenarethemainfocusofherlife.[知識(shí)拓展]focus...on/upon...把……集中于……ofocus使……成為焦點(diǎn)infocus 對(duì)準(zhǔn)焦點(diǎn)；清晰outoffocus 沒對(duì)準(zhǔn)焦點(diǎn)；不清晰[即學(xué)即練]①Theyfocusnotonhowfamoustheyarebutonwhattheylovetodoorwhatevermadethemfamousinthefirstplace.②Thechildren'sfacesarebadlyoutoffocusinthephotograph.③Theprogrammewasintendedtofocusattentiononglobaleconomy.[圖形助記]知識(shí)要點(diǎn)10delivervt.遞送；發(fā)表；向……交出，拯救；接生(教材P101)...yourorderwasdeliveredlastweek.……你的訂單是上周遞送的。[例1]Wepromisetodeliverwithin48hours.我們承諾在48小時(shí)內(nèi)送到。[例2]Sheisduetodeliveralectureongeneticengineering.她將發(fā)表一個(gè)關(guān)于基因工程的演講。[造句]加拿大計(jì)劃向索馬里南部地區(qū)運(yùn)送更多的食品。TheCanadiansplantodelivermorefoodtosouthernSomalia.[知識(shí)拓展](1)deliversth.(tosb.)投遞/傳送某物(給某人)deliversb./sth.overtosb. 把……移交給某人delivergoods/newspapers 送貨/報(bào)紙deliveraspeech 發(fā)表演說bedeliveredofababy＝givebirthtoababy生孩子(2)deliveryn. 遞送，發(fā)言，接生[圖形助記][即學(xué)即練]①Hedelivered(deliver)oneofthemostwonderfulspeechesinhistoryforthepresidentialelection.②Today，overthirtycompaniesregularlydonatefoodandothergoodstothecauseandthevolunteershelptodeliverthemtothehomeless.③Toherjoy，shewasdelivered(deliver)ofahealthyboy.④Thankyouverymuchforyourquickdelivery(deliver)andsupport.eq\a\vs4\al(知識(shí)要點(diǎn)11)favourn．恩惠；善意的行為；贊同；支持；偏袒；偏愛(教材P101)Canyoudomeafavourandfindoutwhat'sgoingon?你能幫我個(gè)忙看看發(fā)生了什么事嗎？[例1]Iwouldneveraskforanyfavourfromher.我再也不會(huì)請(qǐng)她幫任何忙了。[例2]Thanksforhelpingmeout.I'llreturnthefavoursometime.多謝你幫了我個(gè)大忙。總有一天我會(huì)報(bào)答你的。[造句]近來這個(gè)節(jié)目已不受觀眾歡迎。Theprogrammehaslostfavourwithviewersrecently.[知識(shí)拓展]infavourof支持；贊同；有利于……dosb.afavour＝doafavourforsb.幫某人的忙asksb.forafavour＝askafavourofsb.請(qǐng)求某人幫忙insb.'sfavour 對(duì)某人有利，有助于某人[即學(xué)即練]①CanIaskyouforafavour?②Domeafavourtoturnofftheradio.③Iwouldn'tbeinfavourofincometaxcuts.SentencePatternseq\a\vs4\al(重點(diǎn)句式1)強(qiáng)調(diào)句(教材P15)Itistheseskillsthatenableustodeveloplifelongfriendships.正是這些技能使我們能夠發(fā)展終生的友誼。句式分析：本句是一個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)句，強(qiáng)調(diào)主語theseskills。[例1]Itwasthemanagerthat/whoaskedhissecretarytokeephiminformedoftheprogress.是經(jīng)理讓他的秘書通知他進(jìn)展情況。[例2]Itiscoffeethattheyalwaysdrinkintheafternoon.他們經(jīng)常在下午喝的是咖啡。[造句]是在體育館他經(jīng)常和他的同學(xué)周末打籃球。Itisinthegymthatheoftenplaysbasketballwithhisclassmatesonweekends.[知識(shí)拓展]強(qiáng)調(diào)句型是用來對(duì)句中某一成分加以強(qiáng)調(diào)的，其一般句型為“Itis/was＋被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分＋that/who...”。需要注意的幾點(diǎn)是：(1)強(qiáng)調(diào)句和其他句型最明顯的區(qū)別是：強(qiáng)調(diào)句的判斷標(biāo)志是去掉itis/was和that/who，適當(dāng)調(diào)整后仍然是個(gè)完整的句子。(2)此句型不可強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語動(dòng)詞，如要強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語動(dòng)詞，可在動(dòng)詞前加do，does或did。(3)not...until...的強(qiáng)調(diào)句式是：Itis/wasnotuntil...that＋其他成分。(4)該句型可以強(qiáng)調(diào)because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句，但不能強(qiáng)調(diào)由as，since等引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句。(5)如果強(qiáng)調(diào)的是主語或賓語且是指人時(shí)，則可用who或that；如果被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分是其他成分時(shí)，須用that。[即學(xué)即練]①ItwasyesterdaythatwehadanEnglishexamination.②Itwaswiththehelpofthelocalguidethatthemountainclimberwasrescued.③ItwasnotuntilIcameherethatIrealizedthisplacewasfamousfornotonlyitsbeautybutalsoitsweather.eq\a\vs4\al(重點(diǎn)句式2)make復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)(教材P15)Secondly，theInternetcanmakepeopleself-centred...其次，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)會(huì)使人們變得以自我為中心……句式分析：本句中makepeopleself-centred是“make＋賓語＋賓補(bǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)；本句用形容詞作賓補(bǔ)。[例1]Thenewsmadehimveryhappy.這消息使得他非常高興。[例2]TheInternetmakesourlifeeasyandconvenient.因特網(wǎng)使我們的生活更加輕松方便。[造句]那可怕的氣味使人們惡心。Theterriblesmellmakespeoplesick.[知識(shí)拓展]在“make＋賓語＋賓補(bǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)中除了形容詞可以作賓語補(bǔ)足語外，不定式、過去分詞、介詞短語、名詞或名詞短語都可以作賓語補(bǔ)足語。[即學(xué)即練]①Hetriestomakehisideasknown(know)．②Thoughhehadoftenmadehislittlesistercry，todayhewasmadetocry(cry)byhislittlesister.教材高考1....setupanaccount.(2019·天津卷)Theprofessorwarnedthestudentsthatonnoaccountshouldtheyusemobilephonesinhisclass.2.DoyouthinktheInternethelpsorharmsfriendships？(2019·全國卷Ⅰ)Whilethesun'srayscanageandharmourskin，theyalsogiveusbeneficialVitaminD.3.Underlinethegeneralideaandthetopicsentenceforeachargument.(2019·天津卷)Ithoughtanythingabstractlefttoomuchroomforargument.Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．Heraisedhisvoiceinordertomakehimselfheard(hear)．2．Althoughhavingdone(do)hisbestinmathsthesedays，hestillgotnogoodmarks.3．ItwasTomthat/whoIfounditdifficulttogetalongwith.4．It'sthesortofworkthatcallsforahighlevelofconcentration(concentrate)．5．Theyhaveyettofindanexcellentapplicant(apply)．6．Everyeyeattheconferencewasfocusedonthechairman.7．Whatdoyouwanttoreplaceitwith?8．Iftheywintheargument(argue)，thenextquestionwillbehowtospendit.9．Theshopkeeperdeliveredsomegoodstomethismorning.10．Itisharmful(harm)toourhealthaswehardlyhaveanytimetogoinforsports.Ⅱ.短語填空inaddition；beconcernedwith；focuson；incontact；giveabriefresponse；compareto；onthebasisof1．Statementshouldbemadeonthebasisoff