陜西省重點中學(xué)2022-2023學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期1月期末試題(解析版)

陜西省重點中學(xué)2022-2023學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期1月期末英語試題第一部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分40分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分）ATheGuidetotheLivelyArtsSHOWNAMEDATES&TIMESDESCRIPTIONSDETAILSPRICEADDITIONALTHEATREMyFairLadySaturday,Feb.27at4p.m.FromLincolnCentertheatercomes“aluxuriousnewproductionofthemostperfectmusicalofalltime”(EntertainmentWeekly).Lerner&Loewe’sMyFairLady.DirectorBartlettSher’sglowingproductionis“thrilling,gloriousandbetterthaniteverwas”(TheNewYorkTimes).The3-hour-longproductionfeaturessuchclassicsongsasICouldHaveDancedAllNight,TheRaininSpainandWouldn’titBeLovely.KennedyCenterOperaHouse;Kennedy—orcall202-467-4600$20:discountsforseniors(60orabove):$15Parkingwithin2hours:$5;foreachadditionalhour:$1SHOWNAMEDATES&TIMESDESCRIPTIONSDETAILSPRICEADDITIONALMUSIC-CONCERTSMarineBandSousaSeasonOpenerTheAmericanOffenbach:SousaandtheOperetta(小歌劇)Sunday,Feb.28at2p.m.TheMarineBandkicksoffits2021seasonwithajourneythroughJohnPhilipSousa’skeenimaginationforthetheater,revealinganothersideofTheMarchKing.Theconcertisdedicatedtohisoperettas,includingthemarches,songsandinstrumentalselectionsfromELCaptain,TheCharlatan,TheBrideElectandotherworksforthestage.CenterfortheArts,GeorgeMasonUniversity;BraddockRoad&Route123,Fairfax,VA;202-433-4011,FreeFreeparkingavailableMUSIC-ORCHESTRALTheApolloOrchestrawithviolistRobertoDiazSunday,Feb.28at4p.m.TheApolloOrchestrawelcomesviolistRobertoDiaztoperformJenniferHigdon’sGrammy-winningViolaConcerto.ChevyChasePresbyterianChurch,1ChevyChaseCircleWashington,DC20015;FreeFreeparkingavailableCOMEDYMakeAmericaGrinAgainFridays&Saturdaysat7:30p.m.Amusicalpoliticalsatire(諷刺作品).Bringingcomedytopolitics!RonaldReaganBuilding;1300PennsylvaniaAve;Info:202-312-1555,$36;discountsavailableforgroupsof10ormoreFreeparking1.HowmuchdoyouatleastneedtopayforparkingifyouparkyourcarinKennedyCenterOperaHousetowatchMyFairlady?A.$4. B.$5. C.$6. D.$7.2.WherecanyouenjoyJenniferHigdon’sGrammy-winningViolaConcerto?A.AttheRonaldReaganBuilding.B.AttheKennedyCenterOperaHouse.C.AtChevyChasePresbyterianChurch.D.AtGeorgeMasonUniversity’sCenterfortheArts.3.Wherewillthechartaboveprobablybeseen?A.Anewsreportforartists. B.Abrochureformusicfans.C.Abookletfordramalovers. D.Amagazineforprofessionalartists.BDespitethefactthattherehasneverbeensomuchwealthorsomanywealthypeopleintheworld,manyoftheworld’spoorpeoplestillliveinmaterialandenergypoverty.CouldyouandIcutbackonourconsumption(消耗)soastomakesomespaceforotherstoincreasetheirs?Iamsurewecould.But,unfortunately,everythingaboutoureconomicsystemsissetuptomakeusbelieveandbehaveotherwise.Thedefault(默認(rèn))mindsetisthatthereisnothingwrongwithwantingevernewerandmoreexpensivethingsaslongaswecanaffordthem.Lookaroundyouforamoment.Nosocietyanywherebeforelivedlikethis.Further,sinceourspendingmustnecessarilybesomeoneelse’sincome,wetellourselvesthatweactuallymaketheworldabetterplaceeverytimewebuyanotherpairofshoesortradeinacarforthelatestmodel.Andthat’sthetug(拉)ofwarthatplaysitselfoutcruellyinourlives,asonesideofouragecriesout“l(fā)ess”,andfromtheothersidecomestheansweringcry“more”.Ofcourse,wantingtoliveabetterlifeisdeeplyingrainedinhumannature.Otherwise,wewouldneverhavegeneratedtheprogressthathasbroughtustoourpresentstation.Butnowweshouldthinkdeeplyabouthowandwhyweconsume.Afterall,eventheearliestthinkersinthehistoryofeconomic—includingAdamSmith—thought,havingmoredoesnotalwaystranslateintobeinghappier.Evidenceshowsthatmanypeopleinthedevelopingworld,despitebeinghard-up,reportbeingjustashappyasthoseinthemateriallyrichsocietiesoftheWest.Sowhatnow?Theanswer,perhaps,istotrytoberichintheenjoymentofthings,notintheaccumulation(堆積)ofthem.Apairofgoodshoes,lightlycreased(起皺)butalsocarefullypolished(擦亮)onceamonthamealcookedathomeinsteadofatriptoMcDonald’s—suchastheselieouractofsavingfromthevirusofcompulsive(強迫性的)consumption.4.Whatcanweinferfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A.Peopletendtobuythingsunreasonably.B.Peoplerefusetocutdownonconsumption.C.Peopleallfacematerialandenergypoverty.D.Peoplebelieveinpoliticalandeconomicsystems.5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“ingrained”inparagraph4probablymean?A.Held. B.Rooted. C.Changed. D.Possessed.6.Whatdoestheauthorsuggest?A.Tryingtoberich. B.Themore,thebetter.C.Enjoyingwhatwehave. D.Focusingonthecompulsiveconsumption.7.Inwhichsectionofanewspapermaythistextappear?A.Entertainment. B.Health. C.Education. D.Economy.CCognitiveProcessingTherapy(CPT),along-termpsychologicaltherapy,isaspecifictypeofcognitivebehavioraltherapywhichreducespost-traumaticstressdisorder(創(chuàng)傷后應(yīng)激障礙)symptomsafternaturaldisasters.Typically,CPTisdeliveredover12sessionstohelppatientslearnhowtomodifynegativeattitudesandpracticesrelatedtotheirtrauma.Thegoalisthatthepatientthencreatesanew,morepositiveviewandunderstandingofthetraumaticevent,whichreduceson-goingnegativeeffectsonthepatient’scurrentlife.Itspecificallyfocusesonthecoretraumathemesofsafety,trust,powerandcontrol,etc.Deliveredbothindividuallyandinstructuredgroupsessions,itallowsformultipledifferentpathstoreceiveeffectivetreatments.Insomestudies,ithasshowntobehelpfulincaseswheremedicinealonehasnotworked.BecauseCPTfocusesonretrainingthoughtsandbehaviorstoformpracticalstrategiesthatcanbeappliedtoeverydaylife.Comparedtoothertalk-therapies,ithasbeenespeciallysuccessful,becauseitcanbecompletedinabriefperiodoftime,allowingforalowerpatientdropoutrate.Italsoenhancesbrainconnectivity,whichlessenslong-termimpactsoftrauma.Thisincreasedconnectivityiswhycognitivebehavioraltherapyisoftenarguedtobemoreeffectivethanmedicine.Ontheotherhand,therearealsomultipledisadvantagestoCPT.Duetoitsstructurednature,itmaynotbesuitableforpeoplewithmorecomplexmentalhealthneedsorlearningdifficulties.Additionally,sinceitinvolvesfacinguptoemotionsandfears,patientsmayexperienceinitialperiodsofadditionalanxietyordiscomfort.Sometherapistsalsoarguethatbecauseitonlyaddressescurrentproblemsandspecificissuesitdoesnotaddresspossiblefundamentalcausesofmentalhealthconditions,andbecauseitfocusesontheindividual’scapacitytochangethemselvesitdoesnotaddresswidersystemproblemsthathaveasignificantimpactonapatient’shealthandwell-being.However,focusingmainlyonpost-naturaldisasters,regardlessofpre-disasterhealth,CPThasbeenrepeatedlyproventobearathersuccessfultreatmentapproach.AlthoughtherehavenotbeenstudiesgeneralizingCPTforchildren,itisaneffectivetreatmentforadults.ThecleareffectivenessofCPTdemonstratestheimportanceofpatient-specifictherapiesthatareuniquetotheexperiencesofindividualpatients.8.Accordingtothepassage,CPTisintendedtohelppatients_________.A.learnhowtomodifyvariousnegativeattitudesandpracticesB.cultivateapositiveviewandunderstandingofthetraumaticeventsC.minimizeon-goingnegativeeffectsontheirpreviousandcurrentlifeD.focusonthecoretraumathemesofsafety,trust,power,control,etc.9.Comparedwithothertalk-therapies,whatfeaturecontributestotheeffectivenessofCPT?A.Itsmultipletreatingassignments.B.Itsapplicablestrategiesindailylife.C.Itshighertreatmentfulfillment.D.Itsbrainconnectivityenhancement.10.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.Post-disasterhealthisnottakenintoconsiderationintheCPT.B.CPTprovestobethemostsuccessfultreatmentapproachsofar.C.MoreresearchesmightbeconductedintotheeffectivenessofCPTinchildren.D.CPTaddressesthefundamentalcausesofpatients’mentalhealthconditions.11.Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?A.TheapplicationofCognitiveProcessingTherapy.B.Anintroductiontoalong-termpsychologicaltherapy.C.Abreakthroughinthepsychologicalmedicalfield.D.ThelimitationsofCognitiveProcessingTherapy.DDespitegrowingconcernsovertinybitsofplasticfillingtheworld’swaterways,thelong-termenvironmentaleffectsofthatwasteremainunclear.Nowanexperimentonfreshwatersediment(沉積物)communitiesexposedtomicroplasticsforoverayearhelpsclarifyhowharmfulthispollutioncanbe.Researchersputtrays(托盤)ofsedimentlitteredwithdifferentamountsofpolystyrene(averylightsoftplastic)particles(顆粒)—rangingfrom0to5percentplastic—inthebottomofanoutdoorwaterwaywherebugs,snailsandotherlittlecreaturescolonizedthemud.After15months,fewerorganismswerefoundlivinginthetrayswith5percentpolystyrenethanintrayswithlessplastic,largelybecausefewerNaididaewormslivedinthemostpollutedmud.Thetrayswith0to0.5percentmicroplasticaveragedbetweenabout500and800wormspertray,whilemudwith5percentplasticaveragedfewerthan300,researchersreportedJanuary31inScienceAdvances.ThatreductioninNaididaewormssuggeststhatseveremicroplasticpollutioncanthrowfreshwaterecosystemsoutofbalance.The5percentplasticconcentrationwhereresearcherssawamajordropintheNaididaewormpopulationhasmorepollutionthanwhatistypicallyfoundinfreshwatersediment,saysstudycoauthorBartKoelmans,whostudiesaquaticecologyatWageningenUniversity&ResearchintheNetherlands.“It’sareallyimportantpieceofwork,”saysRichardThompson,whostudiesenvironmentaleffectsofplasticpollutionattheUniversityofPlymouthinEnglandbutwasnotinvolvedinthestudy.“Mostofourunderstandingabouttheimpactsofsmallpiecesofplasticcomesfromlaboratorystudiesoverseveralweeks.Thenewexperimentgetsclosertoassessingmicroplastic’slong-term,real-worldeffects,”hesays.Justbecausetheresearchersdidn’tobserveasignificanteffectonthesefreshwatercommunitiesatlowerplasticconcentrations“doesn’tmeanthattherearenoeffects,”saysAnaLuísaPatrfcioSilva,anecotoxicologistattheUniversityofAveiroinPortugalnotinvolvedinthework.Simplykeepingacountoftheorganismslivinginmudwithacertainamountofpollutiondoesn’truleoutthepossibilitythatmicroplasticsweakenthecreatures’abilitytofunctionnormally,shesays.12.What’sthepurposeoftheexperiment?A.Toclearupthemicroplasticsinwaterways.B.Toreducepeople’sconcermsoverplasticpollution.C.Toseehowwormsliveinharmonywitheachother.D.Toidentifytheharmfuleffectofplasticinwaterways.13.Whatcanwelearnfromparagraph2?A.Thetheoryoftheexperiment.B.Theprocessoftheexperiment.C.Theparticipantsoftheexperiment.D.Thesignificanceoftheexperiment.14.TheauthortellsusthatNaididaeworms_______.A.arethemostsensitivetoplasticB.arenotaffectedbyplasticpollutionC.areasignoffreshwaterecosystembalanceD.remainleastinwaterwith1percentplastic15.What’sAna’sattitudetowardsthefindings?A.Favorable. B.Skeptical. C.Ambiguous. D.Uncaring.第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10分）Wearingafacemaskwillkeepyouandotherssaferwhenyouhavetoleavethehouse.____16____.Butthebadnewsisthatyounowrealizeyousufferfromunpleasantsmells.Herearefourwaystocombatbadbreathandmakewearingamaskamorepleasantexperience.●KeepawayfromcertainfoodsOnionsandgarlicnotonlyaddflavortomanyfoodsbutalsoaddsmellsthatarenoteasilybrushedaway.Thesubstancesthatcausetheirbadsmellsmaketheirwayintoyourbloodstreamandtraveltoyourlungs,whereyoubreathethemout.____17____.●____18____Saliva(唾液)isthekeyingredientinyourmouththathelpskeepthesmellundercontrolbecauseithelpswashawayfoodparticlesandbacteria.Ifyouarenotproducingmuchsaliva,trydrinkingwaterorchewingsugarlessgum.●BrushyourteethYou’dbetterbrushyourteethatleasttwiceadaytoreduceharmfulbacteriaonyourteeth.Thestickybuilduponyourteethcollectsbacteriathatcausebadbreath,andtrappedfoodaddstotheproblem.____19____.Itisprovedthatifyoubrushtoohard,youcanweardownyourteeth,makingthemvulnerabletodecay.●Brushyourtongue____20____.Itcanenduponyourtongue.Toridyourtongueofsmell—causingbacteria,remembertobrushitwhenyoucleanyourteeth.Ifyourtoothbrushistoobigtoreachthebackofyourtongue,buyatoolusedforremovingtheaccumulation.A.AvoiddrymouthB.WashyourhandsC.That’sthegoodnewsD.BuyapropertoothbrushinsteadE.Bacteriadon’tjustliveonyourteethF.Buttheexpertswarnagainstoverdoingit.G.Avoidingthosefoodsisthebestwaytogetridoftheproblem第二部分語言知識運用（共兩節(jié)，滿分45分）第一節(jié)（共20小題，每小題1.5分，滿分30分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。Thereisafinelinebetweenaparentwhoisactiveandopen-mindedandonethatdoesn’tknowwhentoletgo.Asmydaughter,Nicole,___21___toleavehomeforcollege,I’mdiscoveringhowharditistostayontherightsideofthisline.WhenIhold___22___theapronstrings(圍裙帶)connectingus,Nicole,eagerto___23___independence,triestoloosenmygrasp.What___24___isanawkwardmother-daughter,push-me,pull-youkindoftango.Forthepasttwoyears,it’sgonelikethis:Mother’squestion:“Haveyouthoughtoftakinganadvancedplacementclass(高階課程)sothatyoucan___25___collegecredit?”Daughter’sresponse:“No,I’mnotinterestedinthat.”……IbitmylipafewtimesandNicoleshotmeafewglares.Twomonthsago,shewas___26___toagreatuniversity.However,Iwasstillthemotherhavinga___27___timelettinggo.Thenightbeforetheintroductorymeetingoftheuniversity,Ihadreadthecoursecatalogcarefullyand___28___courseswhichIthoughtlookedgood.Wemetonthecampusthenextafternoon,andNicole’sface___29___withexcitement,“Ihavehadmyentireschedulefiguredout,”shesaid.“Already?”Iwasastonished,__30__sheshouldhavediscusseditwithme.Iexaminedtheschedule.Nicolehadn’ttakena(an)___31___oneofthecoursesIhadsuggested.Everycourseshehadchosen___32___suitedherinterests.JustthenIsawamature,capableyoungwomanwitha___33___mindandtheabilitytoshapeherfuture.Shenolongerneededhermothertoevaluateevery___34___shemade.Ifeltproud,thoughstillabit___35___.I___36___thelessonscarefully.Nicolehas___37___tolearnoverthepast18years:responsibility,sympathy,andhardwork.Therehavebeenafewholesalongtheway.___38___,sheiswell-equippedandeagerto___39___thefuture.Thenextstep,Irecognized,wasminetotake:givingmydaughterandmyselfthe___40___webothneeded.21.A.devotes B.supposes C.prepares D.graduates22.A.onto B.up C.back D.out23.A.keep B.refuse C.bear D.taste24.A.leaves B.causes C.results D.takes25.A.succeed B.earn C.approve D.need26.A.received B.invited C.admitted D.treated27.A.good B.great C.easy D.hard28.A.taken B.emphasized C.selected D.offered29.A.litup B.builtup C.turnedup D.madeup30.A.imagining B.hoping C.thinking D.adding31.A.only B.just C.even D.single32.A.mostly B.exactly C.hardly D.slightly33.A.normal B.sharp C.different D.typical34.A.care B.friend C.decision D.effect35.A.anxious B.excited C.tense D.sad36.A.observed B.checked C.reviewed D.studied37.A.determined B.fail C.forced D.struggled38.A.Therefore B.Instead C.Besides D.Still39.A.greet B.discover C.determine D.control40.A.character B.strength C.independence D.relief第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Thewarmweatheroutsidemaylookperfectforoutdoorexercise.Butforthose____41____arenotthatsporty,whatcouldbenicerthanhaving____42____(relax)afternoonteawithafewgoodfriends____43____takingabreak?Butareyoufamiliarwiththecultureofafternoontea―itsorigins,whatisincluded,and____44____properetiquette(禮儀)?

Hereareafewthingsyouneedtoknowaboutthis____45____(tradition)Englishcustomsothatyoucanenjoyitmore.Whilethetraditionofdrinkingtea____46____(date)backtoabout3000BCinChina,itwasnotuntilthemid-17thcenturythattheconceptof“afternoontea”firstappearedintheUK.In1840,AnnaMariaRussell,the____47____(seven)DuchessofBedford,startedaskingforateatraywithbutter,breadandcakesat4pmeveryday,asshefoundshewashungryatthistimeeverydaywhiletheeveningmealinherhouse____48____(serve)lateat8pm.Shefoundthisnewhabitdifficult____49____(break)andsooninvitedotherladiesinsocietytojoinher.Thispauseforteaquicklybecameafashionablesocialevent._____50_____the1880s,theupperclasswouldputongowns,glovesandhatsfortheirafternoontea.第三部分寫作（共兩節(jié)，滿分35分）第一節(jié)短文改錯（滿分10分）51.假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯誤僅涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。增加：在缺詞處加一個漏字符號（∧），并在其下面寫出該加的詞。刪除：把多余的詞用斜線（\）劃掉。修改：在錯的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。注意：1.每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞；2.只允許修改10處，多者（從第11處起）不計分。OnaSunday,IfeltsuchtiredafterafootballmatchthatIdidn'tfinishmyhomeworkeventhatnight.IthinkIcouldgetupearliertogotoschoolthenextmorningsothatIcouldfinishthembeforeclass.ButIwasn'tabletogettoschoolontimebecausethetrafficjam.Iwasbeingpunishedbymyteacher.Ittaughtmealesson.Fromnowon,ImadeadeterminationthatIwouldneverputoffnothingimportantuntilthenextday.Pleaseremember:Workingtoday,foryoudon'tknowwhichmayhappentoyoutomorrow.Seizetodayandtrusttomorrowaslittleaspossibly.第二節(jié)書面表達(dá)(滿分25分）52.假如你是李華，你的英國筆友Chris對中國體育運動感興趣。他來信讓你介紹你最喜歡的運動，請你根據(jù)以下提示，給他寫封電子郵件，內(nèi)容如下：1.何時開始喜歡此項運動和原因；2.現(xiàn)在練習(xí)的情況；3.給你帶來的益處。注意：1.詞數(shù)不少于100；

2.開頭和結(jié)尾已給出，不計入總詞數(shù)。DearChris,__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua

【答案解析】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了幾種藝術(shù)形式，以及它們的票價、時間等信息。【答案】1.C

2.C

3.B【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)左邊第二欄“MyFairLady”部分中“The3-hour-longproductionfeaturessuchclassicsongsasICouldHaveDancedAllNight,TheRaininSpainandWouldn’titBeLovely.”（這部長達(dá)3小時的作品以經(jīng)典歌曲為特色，如ICouldHaveDancedAllNight,TheRaininSpain和Wouldn’titBeLovely。）及最右一欄“Parkingwithin2hours:$5;foreachadditionalhour:$1”（2小時內(nèi)停車:5美元;每多1小時:加1美元）可知，這部歌劇持續(xù)3個小時，因而你應(yīng)付$5+$1=$6，故選C。2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“MUSIC-ORCHESTRAL”部分第三欄“TheApolloOrchestrawelcomesviolistRobertoDiaztoperformJenniferHigdon’sGrammy-winningViolaConcerto.”（阿波羅管弦樂團歡迎中提琴手RobertoDiaz演奏JenniferHigdon的贏得格萊美獎的中提琴協(xié)奏曲）和第四欄中“ChevyChasePresbyterianChurch,”（在ChevyChasePresbyterian教堂）可知，在ChevyChasePresbyterian教堂你能欣賞到JenniferHigdon的演奏的贏得格萊美獎的中提琴協(xié)奏曲。故選C。3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)表格的標(biāo)題“TheGuidetotheLivelyArts”（生動的藝術(shù)指南）可知，文章介紹了一些藝術(shù)形式，所以可推知文章可能在對音樂愛好者宣傳冊上發(fā)現(xiàn)。故選B。本文是一篇議論文。文章介紹了當(dāng)今人們的消費方式，分析了原因和趨勢，并倡議人們擺脫強制消費，做到理性消費?！敬鸢浮?.A

5.B

6.C

7.D【解析】4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“CouldyouandIcutbackonourconsumption(消耗)soastomakesomespaceforotherstoincreasetheirs?(你和我能不能減少我們的消費，為其他人增加消費騰出空間？)”以及第二段中“But,unfortunately,everythingaboutoureconomicsystemsissetuptomakeusbelieveandbehaveotherwise.Thedefault(默認(rèn))mindsetisthatthereisnothingwrongwithwantingevernewerandmoreexpensivethingsaslongaswecanaffordthem.(但不幸的是，我們的經(jīng)濟體系的一切都是為了讓我們相信并采取相反的行動。默認(rèn)的心態(tài)是，只要我們能負(fù)擔(dān)得起，想要更新、更昂貴的東西沒有錯)”可知，前兩段中提出了讓大家減少消費的倡議，但由于受到些觀念的影響，人們覺得只要支付得起，想消費更新、更貴的東西是沒錯的。由此推知，人們傾向于不理性地消費。故選A。5.詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第四段中劃線詞后面的句子“Otherwise,wewouldneverhavegeneratedtheprogressthathasbroughtustoourpresentstation.(否則，我們就永遠(yuǎn)不可能取得使我們走到現(xiàn)在這一步的進(jìn)步)”可知，想過上更好的生活的想法在人們心中是根深蒂固的，否則我們永遠(yuǎn)不可能取得當(dāng)下如此大的進(jìn)步。由此可知ingrained意為“扎根；使根深蒂固”。故選B。6.推理判斷題。作者在最后一段“Sowhatnow?Theanswer,perhaps,istotrytoberichintheenjoymentofthings,notintheaccumulation(堆積)ofthem.Apairofgoodshoes,lightlycreased(起皺)butalsocarefullypolished(擦亮)onceamonthamealcookedathomeinsteadofatriptoMeDonald’s—suchastheselieouractofsavingfromthevirusofcompulsive(強迫性的)consumption.(那么現(xiàn)在呢?答案也許是，要在享受事物的過程中變得富有，而不是在積累事物的過程中變得富有。一雙好鞋，有輕微的折痕，但也要每月擦一次，在家做一頓飯，而不是去麥當(dāng)勞——這就是我們從強迫性消費病毒中拯救出來的行為)”推知，作者建議大家要試著盡情享受已有的物品，而非不斷地囤積商品，即“享受我們所擁有的東西”。故選C。7.推理判斷題。通讀全文，文章介紹了當(dāng)今人們的消費方式，分析了原因和趨勢，并倡議人們理性消費，由此可知，本文應(yīng)該是出自報紙的經(jīng)濟板塊。故選D。這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一種長期心理療法——認(rèn)知加工療法。它能夠幫助患者改變消極態(tài)度和行為，減少對患者生活的負(fù)面影響，但同時也存在一些缺點，患者在初始階段可能會更加焦慮或不適?！敬鸢浮?.B

9.C

10.C

11.B【解析】8.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Thegoalisthatthepatientthencreatesanew,morepositiveviewandunderstandingofthetraumaticevent,whichreduceson-goingnegativeeffectsonthepatient’scurrentlife.(這樣做的目的是讓病人對創(chuàng)傷事件有一個新的、更積極的看法和理解，從而減少對病人當(dāng)前生活的持續(xù)負(fù)面影響。)”可知，認(rèn)知加工療法是為了幫助病人培養(yǎng)對創(chuàng)傷性時間的積極看法和理解。故選B項。9.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Comparedtoothertalk-therapies,ithasbeenespeciallysuccessful,becauseitcanbecompletedinabriefperiodoftime,allowingforalowerpatientdropoutrate.Italsoenhancesbrainconnectivity,whichlessenslong-termimpactsoftrauma.

Thisincreasedconnectivityiswhycognitivebehavioraltherapyisoftenarguedtobemoreeffectivethanmedicine.(與其他談話療法相比，它特別成功，因為它可以在很短的時間內(nèi)完成，允許較低的患者退出率。它還能增強大腦的連通性，從而減少創(chuàng)傷的長期影響。這種增強的連通性就是為什么認(rèn)知行為療法經(jīng)常被認(rèn)為比藥物更有效。)”可知，認(rèn)知加工療法成功是因為它完成時間短，增強大腦的連通性，所以它比其他的療法要更加有效。故選C項。10.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“However,focusingmainlyonpost-naturaldisasters,regardlessofpre-disasterhealth,CPThasbeenrepeatedlyproventobearathersuccessfultreatmentapproach.

AlthoughtherehavenotbeenstudiesgeneralizingCPTforchildren,itisaneffectivetreatmentforadults.

ThecleareffectivenessofCPTdemonstratestheimportanceofpatient-specifictherapiesthatareuniquetotheexperiencesofindividualpatients.(然而，認(rèn)知加工療法主要側(cè)重于自然災(zāi)害后，而不考慮災(zāi)前健康，已多次被證明是一種相當(dāng)成功的治療方法。雖然還沒有研究將認(rèn)知加工療法推廣到兒童，但它對成人是一種有效的治療方法。認(rèn)知加工療法的明確有效性證明了患者特異性治療的重要性，這是個體患者獨特的經(jīng)歷。)”可知，認(rèn)知加工療法多次被證明是一種相當(dāng)成功的治療方法，并且對于成年人來說已經(jīng)是有效的方法；由此可以推出，下一步很有可能就是將其應(yīng)用于兒童身上，研究它的有效性。故選C項。11.主旨大意題。文章第一段主要講了認(rèn)知加工療法的定義，它是一種長期的心理療法；第二段講了它為何如此有效，其原理是什么；第三段講了認(rèn)知加工療法的缺點；第四段講了它的應(yīng)用范圍。綜合全文可知，文章主要介紹了一種長期心理療法——認(rèn)知加工療法。故選B項。本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講了一項淡水沉積物群落暴露在微塑料中超過一年的實驗，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)將有助于弄清微塑料垃圾對環(huán)境的長期影響?！敬鸢浮?2.D

13.B

14.C

15.B【解析】12.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Despitegrowingconcernsovertinybitsofplasticfillingtheworld’swaterways,thelong-termenvironmentaleffectsofthatwasteremainunclear.Nowanexperimentonfreshwatersediment(沉積物)communitiesexposedtomicroplasticsforoverayearhelpsclarifyhowharmfulthispollutioncanbe.”可知，盡管越來越多的人擔(dān)心世界上的水道中充斥著微小的塑料垃圾，但這些垃圾對環(huán)境的長期影響仍不清楚?，F(xiàn)在，一項淡水沉積物群落暴露在微塑料中超過一年的實驗有助于弄清這種污染的危害。由此推知，這項實驗的主要目的是研究塑料在水道中的有害影響。故選D。13.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Researchersputtrays(托盤)ofsedimentlitteredwithdifferentamountsofpolystyrene(averylightsoftplastic)particles(顆粒)—rangingfrom0to5percentplastic—inthebottomofanoutdoorwaterwaywherebugs,snailsandotherlittlecreaturescolonizedthemud.After15months,fewerorganismswerefoundlivinginthetrayswith5percentpolystyrenethanintrayswithlessplastic,largelybecausefewerNaididaewormslivedinthemostpollutedmud.”可知，研究人員將散落著不同數(shù)量的聚苯乙烯(一種非常輕的軟塑料)顆粒(塑料含量從0到5%不等)的沉淀物放置在室外水路的底部，那里有蟲子、蝸牛和其他小生物在淤泥中繁衍。15個月后，發(fā)現(xiàn)生活在含5%聚苯乙烯的托盤里的微生物比生活在含較少塑料的托盤里的要少，這主要是因為生活在污染最嚴(yán)重的泥里的Naididae蠕蟲更少。由此可知，第二段主要描述了實驗過程。故選B。14.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第一句“ThatreductioninNaididaewormssuggeststhatseveremicroplasticpollutioncanthrowfreshwaterecosystemsoutofbalance.”可知，奈迪科蠕蟲數(shù)量的減少表明，嚴(yán)重的微塑料污染會使淡水生態(tài)系統(tǒng)失去平衡。由此可知，奈迪科蠕蟲的多少是淡水生態(tài)系統(tǒng)是否平衡的標(biāo)志。故選C。15.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Justbecausetheresearchersdidn’tobserveasignificanteffectonthesefreshwatercommunitiesatlowerplasticconcentrations“doesn’tmeanthattherearenoeffects,”saysAnaLuísaPatrfcioSilva,anecotoxicologistattheUniversityofAveiroinPortugalnotinvolvedinthework.Simplykeepingacountoftheorganismslivinginmudwithacertainamountofpollutiondoesn’truleoutthepossibilitythatmicroplasticsweakenthecreatures’abilitytofunctionnormally,shesays.”可知，葡萄牙阿威羅大學(xué)的生態(tài)毒理學(xué)家AnaLuisaPatrfcioSilva沒有參與這項研究，她說，僅僅因為研究人員沒有在較低的塑料濃度下觀察到對這些淡水群落的顯著影響，“并不意味著沒有影響”。她說，簡單地計算在一定程度的污染下生活在泥中的生物數(shù)量并不能排除塑料微粒削弱生物正?；顒幽芰Φ目赡苄浴Ｓ纱送浦?，Ana對此實驗的研究結(jié)果并不確信，持懷疑態(tài)度。故選B。本文是一篇說明文，主要講的是避免口臭的方法?！敬鸢浮?6.C

17.G

18.A

19.F

20.E【解析】16.空前說“Wearingafacemaskwillkeepyouandotherssaferwhenyouhavetoleavethehouse.(當(dāng)你不得不離開家時，戴上口罩會讓你和其他人更安全。)”，空后說“Butthebadnewsisthatyounowrealizeyousufferfromunpleasantsmells.(但壞消息是，你現(xiàn)在意識到你正在忍受難聞的氣味。)”，but表轉(zhuǎn)折，空格處應(yīng)說空前說的是好消息，C選項“That’sthegoodnews(這是好消息)”指出空前說的是好消息，承接上文，符合語境，故選C。17.空前說“Onionsandgarlicnotonlyaddflavortomanyfoodsbutalsoaddsmellsthatarenoteasilybrushedaway.Thesubstancesthatcausetheirbadsmellsmaketheirwayintoyourbloodstreamandtraveltoyourlungs,whereyoubreathethemout.(洋蔥和大蒜不僅為許多食物增添了風(fēng)味，還增加了不易清除的氣味。導(dǎo)致難聞氣味的物質(zhì)會進(jìn)入你的血液，然后到達(dá)你的肺部，在那里你把它們呼出來。)”，結(jié)合小標(biāo)題“Keepawayfromcertainfoods(遠(yuǎn)離某些食物)”可知，空格處應(yīng)說要避免空前所列的這些食物，G選項“Avoidingthosefoodsisthebestwaytogetridoftheproblem(避免這些食物是擺脫問題的最好方法)”指出了要避免前面所說的食物，承接上文，符合語境，故選G。18.空格處是本段小標(biāo)題，由空格下方的“Saliva(唾液)isthekeyingredientinyourmouththathelpskeepthesmellundercontrolbecauseithelpswashawayfoodparticlesandbacteria.Ifyouarenotproducingmuchsaliva,trydrinkingwaterorchewingsugarlessgum.(唾液是口腔中幫助控制氣味的關(guān)鍵成分，因為它有助于沖走食物顆粒和細(xì)菌。如果你分泌的唾液不多，試著喝水或嚼無糖口香糖。)”可知，本段主要講的是要保持口腔濕潤，A選項“Avoiddrymouth(避免口干)”說明了要保持口腔濕潤，概括了本段內(nèi)容，可作為小標(biāo)題，故選A。19.空后說“Itisprovedthatifyoubrushtoohard,youcanweardownyourteeth,makingthemvulnerabletodecay.(事實證明，如果刷牙太用力，就會磨損牙齒，使它們?nèi)菀赘癄€。)”，空格處應(yīng)該會說到不要刷牙太過，F(xiàn)選項“Buttheexpertswarnagainstoverdoingit(但專家們警告不要過度刷牙)”說明了不要刷牙太過，和下文內(nèi)容相呼應(yīng)，符合語境，故選F。20.空后說“Itcanenduponyourtongue.Toridyourtongueofsmell—causingbacteria,remembertobrushitwhenyoucleanyourteeth.(它可能會落在你的舌頭上。為了清除舌頭上產(chǎn)生異味的細(xì)菌，記得在刷牙的時候刷舌頭。)”，空格處應(yīng)說細(xì)菌不僅僅會在牙齒上，E選項“Bacteriadon’tjustliveonyourteeth(細(xì)菌不僅生活在你的牙齒上)”和后文“它可能會落在你的舌頭上”相呼應(yīng)，說明細(xì)菌還會落在舌頭上，因此引起下文，符合語境，故選E。本文是一篇記敘文。本文講述作者很難做到對女兒完全放手，但通過女兒渴望嘗試獨立的過程，發(fā)現(xiàn)應(yīng)該給女兒和自己都需要的獨立性?！敬鸢浮?1.C

22.A

23.D

24.C

25.B

26.C

27.D

28.C

29.A

30.C

31.D

32.B

33.B

34.C

35.D

36.C

37.D

38.D

39.A

40.C【解析】21.考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)我的女兒Nicole準(zhǔn)備離家去上大學(xué)時，我發(fā)現(xiàn)處于這條標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的正確一面上是多么困難。A.devotes獻(xiàn)身，致力于；B.supposes猜想；C.prepares準(zhǔn)備；D.graduates畢業(yè)。根據(jù)空后“l(fā)eavehomeforcollege”可知，此處是離開家準(zhǔn)備去上大學(xué)，故選C項。22.考查動詞