虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)技術(shù)的英文文獻(xiàn)綜述

VirtualRealityanditsprospectNomatteryouareavideogameplayer,amovieloveroranindustrialdesigner,youmusthavelearnedalotabouttheVR(virtualreality).ManymediareportsasthefirstyearofVR.Atpresent,theSteamVRplatformhasbeenabletoexperiencethevirtualrealitygamethroughViveHTC.Googlehasinvested$0.54billioninthevirtualrealitycompanyMagicLeap.ItissaidthatAppleandFacebookalsoformedalargeteamcomposedofvirtualrealityandaugmentedrealityexpertstocompetewiththeothercompaniesinthisnew,hightechfield[2].EvenfamousdirectorSpielbergdeclaredthathewouldproduceafilmaboutfamilycooperatingwithVRCcompany.VR(virtualreality)technologycanbewidelyusedinurbanplanning,interiordesign,industrialsimulation,monumentsrestoration,roadandbridgedesign,realestatesales,tourism,education,waterconservancyandelectricpower,geologicaldisasters,educationandtrainingandmanyotherfields,toprovidefeasiblesolutions[2].Andthevideogameisthemost

eagerly

awaitedapplicationnow.Notlongago,avideogamecompany,Valve,releasedapromotionalvideoofitsVR:SteamVR.Inthisfootage,playersareinvitedtowearVRequipmentandexperienceallkindsofgames,andotherpeoplecanseetheirexperiencein"anotherworld"inavarietyofeventsonthescreen.Everyonenomatterplayerorviewersayit’sreallyawesome.SowhatisVR?Howdoesitwork?Virtualreality,multi-mediaandnetworktechnologyareknownasthethreecomputertechnologywithbestmajorprospects.Thistechnologyistheuseofcomputersimulationtogenerateathree-dimensionalvirtualworld,toprovideuserswithvisual,auditory,tactileandothersimulation,sothatuserscanbeinanimmersiveunlimitedobservationofthingswithinthreedimensionalspace[3].Whentheusermovestheposition,thecomputercarriesonthecomplexcomputation,maintainingthespotfeeling.Inaword,VRtechnologycanbringtheuser'sperceptionintothevirtualworlditcreates,andletusersbelievethatitistrue.Ingeneral,anormalVRequipmentconsistsofonehelmetwhichhaveamicroprocesserandaspecialopticsystemtoproduceparallaxandmakethestereoscopictheredimensionalpictures,twohandlesforoperatingandgettingsensationliketouchingandtwospeakerstoproducethethreedimensionalsounds.Anditalsoneedstoconnecttoacomputerwhichdealswiththeinformation,runsprogramandhelptheCPUandspecialopticsystemproducescene.It’sreallyobviousthatthemostimportantthingforVRequipmentistomakethevirtualitylikereality.Thefollowingareseveralkeytechnologiestoachievethat[4].Firstistherealtimecomputerpicturesimulation.Inavirtualsimulationsystem,imagerefreshisveryimportant.Whiletheimagequalityrequirementsareveryhigh,coupledwithaverycomplexvirtualenvironment,theproblembecomesquitedifficult.Secondtheimagesaregeneratedrespectivelydifferentlyintheuser’stwoeyes,displayedondifferentmonitors.Parallaxwillbringasenseofthree-dimensionalthen.Third,tracking.Whenweplaycomputersthemouseandkeyboardrecordourtrack,butthehelmetandhandlesareinchargeofit.Lastistwoimportantstepsoftheuserfeedback.Oneisinteraction.InthesceneofVR,notonlytheplayerandplayer,playerandenvironmentbutenvironmentandenvironmentallhaveinteraction.Itmakestheworldmorereal.Anotherismuti-sensation.Notonlythesoundandthesightisthree-dimensional,butyoucangettouchingevensmellingbythehandles.Theybothmakethescenemorereal.HoweverVirtualrealityexperiencereferstostillexistmanydefectsnow.SomeanalystspointedoutthattheVRtechnologyisnotyetmature,experiencestillexistsmanyblemishes,andequipmentcostsaretoohigh.ItwilltaketimethatVRtechnologycomesintopublicviewfrom“nichetoys”.Themainproblemsaresignificantdiscomfort,asenseofvertigowhenwearing,obvioushardwarecontentandsoon.Forinstance,therequirementsoftheVRequipmentimageisrelativelyhigh.Themovieisasecondand24frames,but100framesasecondofVRdeviceinordertoachievehighquality[5].Thatwillgreatlyincreasethecomputationalburdenofthehardware,whichisdifficulttoachieveacomprehensiveintheindustry.Besidesthehelmetandthehandlesarealittleheavyandthepriceisstillhighforordinarypeoplenow.Butthereisoneword,oneflawcannotobscurethesplendorofthejade.Mostspecialistsandforecastersthinktheprospectofvirtualrealityisoptimisticbeyondadoubt.Forexample,theGIC(GovernmentofSingaporeInvestmentCorp)forecaststhatin,global

VRequipment

shipmentswillgrow173%andincreaseto0.388billionfrom0.027in.AnotherforecasterEnfodeskevenpredictsthatthevirtualrealityrevenuesinChinawillreachto2160.0millionofChineseyuanalthoughtheincrementspeedinisslowerthanbefore.AlthoughVRtechnologyisnotmaturenowandstillhasmuchroomforimprovement,weshouldkeepconfidenceinit.ThereisagoodnewsthattheHTCVivebegantosaleafewdaysagoandmorethanonehundredthousandpeoplehavereserveditevenitcosts$9999.AccordingtotheGoogleTrends,VRwillentertheeraoflargeoutbreakinthenearfuture.SoIbelieveinthenotfarfuture,thevirtualrealitywillplaytheroleofthesmartphonenowandchangeourlife,oursocialandou