12月英語四級閱讀習題電子產(chǎn)品的可循環(huán)利用

12月英語四級閱讀練習題南極洲科研考察

GrowingnumbersofscientiststhereforeseeAntarcticaasa

distant-early-warningsensor,wherepotentiallydangerousglobaltrendsmaybe

spottedbeforetheyshowuptothenorth.Onepromisingfieldofinvestigationis

glaciology.ScholarsfromtheUnitedStates,Switzerland,andFrancearepursuing

sevenseparatebutrelatedprojectsthatreflecttheirconcernforthehealthofthe

WestAntarcticIceSheetaconcerntheybelievetheworldatlargeshouldshare.

TheTransantarcticMountain,someofthemmorethan14,000feethigh,divide

thecontinentintotwoverydifferentregions.Thepartofthecontinenttothe"east"

ofthemountainsisahighplateaucoveredbyanicesheetnearlytwomilesthick.

"West"ofthemountain,thehalfofthecontinentsouthoftheAmericasisalso

coveredbyanicesheet,buttheretheicerestsonrockthatismostlywellbelowsea

level.IftheWestAntarcticIceSheetdisappeared,thewesternpartofthecontinent

wouldbereducedtoasparseclusterofisland.

Whileiceandsnowareobviouslycentraltomanyenvironmentalexperiments,

othersfocusonthemysterious"dryvalley"ofAntarctica,valleysthatcontainlittleice

orsnoweveninthedepthsofwinter.Slashedthroughthemountainsofsouthern

VictoriaLand,thesevalleysonceheldenormousglaciersthatdescended9,000feet

fromthepolarplateautotheRossSea.Nowtheglaciersaregone,perhapsacasualty

oftheglobalwarmingtrendduringthe10,000yearssincetheiceage.Eventhesnow

thatfallsinthedryvalleysisblastedoutbyviciouswindsthatroarsdownfromthe

polarplateautothesea.Leftbarearespectaculargorges,rippledfieldsofsand

dunes,clustersofboulderssculpturedintofantasticshapesby100-mile-an-hour

winds,andanauraofextraterrestrialdesolation.

Despitetheunearthlyaspectofthedryvalleys,somescientistsbelievetheymay

carryamessageofhopeoftheverdantpartsoftheearth.Somescientistsbelieve

thatinsomecasesthedryvalleysmaysoakuppollutantsfasterthanpollutantsenter

them.

1.Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?

[A]AntarcticaandenvironmentalProblems.

[B]Antarctica:Earth'sEarly-Warningstation.

[C]Antarctica:aUniqueObservationPost.

[D]Antarctica:aMysteriousPlace.

2.WhatwouldtheresultbeiftheWestAntarcticIceSheetdisappeared?

[A]Thewesternpartofthecontinentwouldbedisappeared.

[B]Thewesternpartofthecontinentwouldbereduced.

[D]ThewesternpartofthecontinentwouldbereducedtoaclusterofIslands.

3.WhyaretheDryValleysleftbare?

[A]Viciouswindblaststhesnowaway.

[B]Itrarelysnows.

[C]Becauseoftheglobalwarmingtrendandfiercewind.

[D]Sanddunes.

4.Whichofthefollowingistrue?

[A]The"DryValleys"havenothingleftinside.

[B]The"DryValleys"neverheldglaciers.

[C]The"DryValleys"maycarryamessageofhopefortheverdant.

[D]The"DryValleys"areuselesstoscientists.

答案詳解

l.A南極洲和環(huán)境問題。B.南極洲：地球最早的報警戰(zhàn)。C.南極洲：獨一無

二的觀察哨。D.南極洲：神秘的地方。三項都是總內容眾的組成部分。

2.D大陸西部成為一群島嶼。第三段”橫斷南極的山脈，有的高達一萬四千

多英尺，把這大陸分成情況各異的兩個地區(qū)。山脈以東的大陸部分是由差不多兩

英里厚的冰層覆蓋的高原;山脈以西，即美洲以南的半個大陸也為冰層所覆蓋?？?/p>

是，這里冰層覆蓋在大大低于海平面的巖石。如果西南極洲冰層消失，那這大陸

西部將成為稀疏的島群。〃A.大陸西部將小時。B.大陸西部縮小。D.大陸西部

將成為分散的島嶼。

3.C因為地球變暖和狂風勁吹。在第四段："……這些干谷甚至在寒冬季節(jié)也

很少有冰雪。它們插在南維多利亞陸地的山脈中，一度曾有從極地高原到羅斯海

的深度為9000英尺的冰河。現(xiàn)在冰河已不存在，很可能是冰期之后一萬年間地

球變暖的結果。即使落入干谷的雪也被從極地高原咆哮入海的邪惡狂風吹散了。

留下來的是裸露的壯觀的峽谷，沙丘起伏的原野，被時速一百英里的大風雕刻成

奇形怪狀的大礫石，形成與世隔絕的荒涼景象。"A.邪惡的狂風吹走了雪。B.它

很少下雪。D.沙丘。這三項只是干谷現(xiàn)象的一部分。

4.C他們可能為地球上綠色地區(qū)帶來了希望的信息。答案是第五段第一句

"盡管干谷具有神秘的一面，科學家卻相信他們可能為地球上蔥綠的地方帶來了

希望的信息?！ˋ.干谷內什么都沒有留下。B.干谷內從沒有冰河。D.按照科學家

的看法，干谷毫無用處。

12月英語四級閱讀練習題何時老爸手機成了兒童玩具了

Yesterday,mytoddlerbrokeanothertoy.Butthiswasn'taninexpensive,plastic

doo-dad.Itwasmyhusband'siPhone.

Likemanyparentsthesedays,myhusbandandIsometimesbandoverour

smartphonestooursontosoothehimorkeephimentertained.It'spartlylazinesson

ourparty—noothertoy,itseems,cancaptivatehimliketheiPhoneorBlackBerry.

He'sfascinatedbythebuttonsandtouchscreen,thesoundsandlights.Heholditup

tohisearandpretendshe'smakinganimportantbusinesscall(orarranginga

playdatewithhisbestfriend.)Hesomehowevenmanagedtoreprogrammy

BlackBerrytoautotypeintheCatalanlanguage.

WhenwetakeawaytheBlackBerryoriPhonehewails;nootherplaythingeven

aprettyrealistictoycellphonesatisfieshimasmuch.(Themarketingcopyforthetoy

phonesays"Thisauthenticlookingplayphonewillsurelydistractyourchildfrom

gettingaholdofyourcellphone!"Ha!Iwish.)

Invariably,mysonsticksthephoneinhismouthanditendsupslobberyand

pockedwithbitemarks.Orwhenbeeventuallytiresofthephone,he'lltossitaside,

whichishowmyhusband'siPhonemetitsrecentdoom.

We'renotaloneinusingourcellphonesashigh-techrattles.TheAPrecentlyran

astoryonhowmoreparentsaredownloadingkid-friendlyapps,suchaswhitenoise

andrattlesoundsandeasyvideogames,totheircellphones.Andaccordingtoa

recentNPRreport,oneparenttoencouragehis11-month-oldbabytocrawl,waves

hisBlackberrysothebabywillcrawltowardthegadget.

昨天，我家寶寶又弄壞了一個玩具。但這可不是便宜的塑料小玩意兒。那是

我丈夫的iPhone手機。

跟當前的許多父母一樣，我們兩口子有時會把自己的智能手機給兒子玩，以

此來哄他或者逗他。在我們來說這樣做一部分是因為懶一一似乎沒有別的玩具能

像iPhone或黑莓一樣讓他著迷。他被手機上的按鍵、觸摸屏和聲光深深吸引。

他將手機舉在耳邊，假裝在打一個重要的商業(yè)電話（或是跟好朋友約好一起去玩）。

他甚至還不知怎么將我的黑莓手機調成了加泰羅尼亞語的輸入模式。

要是我們拿走黑莓或者iPhone,他就會大哭;別的任何玩具都沒法像手機一

樣滿足他，即便是相當逼真的玩具手機也不例外。（這個玩具手機的宣傳頁上寫著

"這部看上去跟真的一模一樣的玩具手機肯定能轉移孩子的注意力，讓他們不再

染指你的手機!〃哈!但愿如此。）

我們常常將于機藏起來，不想讓他給弄壞了或是對手機太過依賴，但只要他

聽到鈴聲或信息提示音，他總能找到。（但有些父母需要將手機放在手邊以備隨時

待命或公司有事，在這樣的情況下很難藏起手機。）而當我們接電話或是查看信息

時，小家伙只會更想拿到手機，因為我們手里不管拿著什么他都想要。

我兒子無可避免地會將手機放進嘴里，最后手機上就會沾滿了口水，還滿是

牙印?；蛘叩人K于玩膩了，他就會將手機亂扔，我丈夫的iPhone不久前就是

這樣慘遭不幸的。

拿手機當高科技玩具的并不是只有我們兩個。美聯(lián)社(AP)不久前的一篇報道

稱，越來越多的父母往手機里下載適合孩子的應用程序，比如白噪音和鈴鼓的聲

音，還有簡單的視頻游戲。美國國家公共電臺(NPR)最近的一則報道說，一位父

親為了鼓勵11個月大的孩子爬，就揮動他的黑莓手機，這樣孩子就會朝手機那

邊爬去。

讀者們，你們有沒有拿手機當玩具哄過孩子?有沒有什么慘痛的故事?有什么

適合孩子的應用程序可以推薦嗎？

本句是一個復合句，主句是由but引導的并列的句子。破折號后面we

don't...onthem是對weoftenhideourphones的目的的補充說明。其中or引導兩

個并列的動詞短語。once引導時間狀語從句，其中or連接兩個并列的名詞短語。

語法重點：并列結構，時間狀語從句

2.Andwhenwepickupthephoneorcheckmessages,thatonlymakesourson

wantthephonemore,sincehealwayswantswhateverisinourhands.

本句是一個復合句，主句是thatonlymakesoursonwantthephonemore,

when引導時間狀語從句，since引導原因狀語從句，其中whatever引導的名詞性

從句作want的賓語。

語法重點：時間狀語從句，原因狀語從句，名詞性從句

3.TheAPrecentlyranastoryonhowmoreparentsaredownloading

kid-friendlyapps,suchaswhitenoiseandrattlesoundsandeasyvideogames,to

theircellphones.

本句是一個復合句，其中how引導的名詞性從句作on的賓語。suchas表示

舉例。

語法重點：名詞性從句

12月英語四級閱讀備考練習題⑷

Theworldpopulationisgrowingatarateofabout90millionpeopleperyear,

withtheThirdWorldaccountingfor80millionofthem.Thepressureoncitiescan

onlygoonincreasing.Theurbanpopulationofthedevelopingcountrieswillexceed2

billionpeoplebytheyear2000andsincethemainreasonforthehighdemographic

（人口統(tǒng)?計的）growthispoverty,theadditionalpopulationwillbemostlymadeof

peopleofverylimitedmeans.

21.Iftheurbanpopulationofthedevelopingcountriesexceeds2billionpeople

bytheyear2000,themainproblemtheadditionalpeoplewillfaceis.

A.housingB.food

C.povertyD.limitedland

A.1985.B.1990.

C.1988.D.2000.

A.alotofdifficulties

B.effortstoimprovehousingcondition

C.pressureofthebasicneeds

D.newmodelsandagreatdealoftransformationofideasandmethods

24.InAfrica,peopleincitieswillbebytheendofthecentury.

A.almosttwiceasmuchasin1985B.doubledthanthatin1985

C.overtwiceasmuchasin1985D.300million

25.Inspiteoftheeffortstoimprovehousingcondition,thenumberofpeople

livinginshanty-townswillincreasebecause.

A.housesinshanty-townsarecheap

C.nopolicywillbecapableofstoppingorchangingthepresentimmigrant

tendencyfromtheruralareastothecitiesintheThirdWorld

D.theThirdWordpopulationisgrowingatarateofabout80millionpeopleper

year

21.C22.C23.D24.C25.C

12月英語四級閱讀習題地理與人

Asubjectwhichseemstohavebeeninsufficientlystudiedbydoctorsand

psychologistsistheinfluenceofgeographyandclimateonthepsychologicaland

physicalhealthofmankind.Thereseemsnodoubtthatthegeneralcharacterofthe

landscape,therelativelengthofdayandnight,andtheclimatemustallplayabig

partindeterminingwhatkindofpeopleweare.

Itistruethatafewstudieshavebeenmade.Wherealltheinhabitantsofa

particularareaenjoyexceptionallygoodorbadhealth,scientistshave

identified.contributoryfactorssuchasthepresenceorabsenceofsubstanceslike

iodine,fluoride,calcium,orironinthewatersupply,orperhapstypesofland

thatprovidebreedingplacesforpestslikemosquitoesorrats.

Moreover,wecanallgeneralizeabouttypesofpeoplewehavemet.Those

livingincountries.withlongdarkwintersareapttobelesstalkativeandless

vivaciousthaninhabitantsofcountrieswheretheclimateismoreequable（穩(wěn)定的）.

Andwheretheoliveandtheorangegrow,theretheinhabitantsarecheerful,

talkative,andspontaneous.

Wearenotyetsureoftheanswerstosuch.questions,butletushopethat

somethingofbenefittomankindmayeventuallyresultfromsuchstudies.

A.alertreaderstothescarcityofnaturalresources

B.callformoreresearchontheinfluenceofgeographicalenvironment

C.introducedifferentelementsincharactercultivation

D.drawmoreattentiontothehealthconditionofmankind

A.benefitpeople'sphysicalhealth

B.influencethequalityofwatersupply

C.helpprovidebreedingplacesforpests.

D.strengthenaperson'scharacter

A.Suchgeneralizationshelpusjudgethedifferentcharactersofpeoplewemeet

B.Suchgeneralizationsarenotinclusiveenoughtodrawaconvincingconclusion.

C.Suchgeneralizationsprovethatnatureplaysanimportantroleindetermining

socialhabits.

D.Suchgeneralizationsshowthattherearemainlytwodifferenttypesofpeople

ontheplanet.

A.focusonunknownaspects

B.bepursuedonalargerscale

C.becarriedoutamongremotetribes

D.goaheadindepth

A.Peoplewholikedrinkingwinetendtobeoptimistic.

B.Peoplewholiveinmountainareastendtohavealonglife.

C.Peoplewholiveinareaswithstableclimatetendtobetalkativeandlively.

0.Peoplewholikedrinkingcowbloodtendtobestrongandtall.

主旨大意題。本文一開頭就提出：關于地理環(huán)境對人的影響，研究得還不充

分。接下來的每段開頭句也都進一步闡述這個觀點，如第2段首句和第4段首句，

結尾句又提出希望，所以正確答案為B.選項C和D沒有全面概括環(huán)境和人兩方面

的因素。選項A完全與文章無關。

推理判斷題。句中的goodhealth與后面的contributoryfactors告訴讀者選項

A是正確的。選項B中的thequality是無中生有。選項C中的providebreedingplaces

forpests在文中的主語是lando選項D中的character跟水中的礦物質無關。

觀點態(tài)度題。緊接第2段論證環(huán)境和健康的關系之后，第3段看似論述環(huán)境

和個性的關系，舉了兩種比較典型的環(huán)境和性格特征的例子，但是，第4段第1句

就把前面的表面現(xiàn)象給否定了，所以此題答案為B。其他三個選項立場都錯了。

事實細節(jié)題。第3段第2句表明選項C正確。這兩段都提到了人的類型的歸

納，第3段中的歸納是正確的，而第4段中的歸納是有待考證的，因此，本題要依

據(jù)第3段描述的類型做出選擇。

12月英語四級閱讀練習題韓國的象征

Hanbokl,astraditionaldressofKorean,isasymbolofKorea.Thewomen's

hanbokhasawraparoundskirtandbolero2—likejacket.Themen'sconsistsof3a

shortjacketandpants.Bothgarmentsmaybetoppedwithalongcoatofasimilarcut.

Now,peoplewearhanbokmostlyonfestivalsorforceremoniessuchasaweddingor

funeral.

KimchirepresentsKorea'sbest-knownfood.Koreansservekimchiatalmost

everymeal,andfewKoreanscanlastmorethanafewdaysbeforecravingsgetthe

betterof4them.Duringthe1988SummerOlympicGames,thousandsofforeigners

wereintroducedtoitforthefirsttime.Despiteareputationforbeingspicy,most

peopleusuallydevelopatasteforit,andmanyforeignersalsofindthemselves

missingitafterreturningtotheirhomecountry.

I.Putthesentencesintorightorder:

1.Thegroomtravelstothehouseofthebride.

2.Theprofessionalmatchmakerspairuplikelycandidates.

3.Thefamilymakesdecision.

4.Thegroomtakeshisnewbridetohisfamily'shouse.

5.Theystayinthebride'shomeforthreedays.

II.Questions:

1.WhatarethesymbolsofKoreadiscussedinthispassage?

2.What'sthemasktraditionallymadeof?

I..4.

II.1.Hanbok,kimchi,traditionalweddingandmasksandmaskdance-drama

areallsymbolsofKorea.

2.Masksaretraditionallymadeofpaper,wood,gourdandfur.

傳統(tǒng)韓國服飾是韓國的象征之一。女式韓服為長裙和形似茄克的開襟短上衣。

男式韓服則是短褂配長褲。男女式韓服外均可套上款式相似的長外套?，F(xiàn)代人們

大多在節(jié)日、婚禮或葬禮等場合才穿傳統(tǒng)的韓服。

泡菜是韓國最知名的食品之一。韓國人幾乎每餐必吃泡菜。幾天沒吃就想吃

了。1988年漢城（首爾）夏季奧運會時，成千上萬的外國游客第一次品嘗了韓國

泡菜盡管韓國泡菜以辛辣著稱，但人們還是喜歡上了它，許多外國游客回國仍念

念不忘。

在韓國，婚姻不僅僅代表男女兩個人，更是兩個家庭的結合。因此，婚禮常被

稱為"大禮"，親戚朋友都從各地趕來參加。受傳統(tǒng)儒家觀念的影響，婚慶和相關

的儀式又耗時又講究，包括從結婚到婚慶后要行的禮節(jié)。職業(yè)媒人介紹合適的雙

方結成夫妻，夫妻二人常常在婚禮上才見第一面。男女雙方家庭在做婚姻決定時

要考慮很多因素，還與算命人一同討論，預測夫妻倆未來的共同生活。新郎通常

要先到新娘家舉行婚禮，三天后才能把新娘子帶回自己家。婚禮大典由很多小的

儀式構成，要多次叩頭，做象征性的姿勢。參加婚禮的人要收斂情緒，保持嚴肅。

現(xiàn)代韓國婚禮盡管保留了傳統(tǒng)婚禮的一些特點，但大多更像西方婚禮。不過，民

俗村和各地的博物館定期示范傳統(tǒng)婚禮，以延續(xù)這一傳統(tǒng)。

面具和面具舞蹈也是韓國的象征。韓國傳統(tǒng)的面具由紙、木、葫蘆和毛皮制

成，主要體現(xiàn)韓國人的面部表情和骨骼構造，有的也代表神或動物。面具舞劇通

常是夜晚在篝火旁表演，因此面具大多奇形怪狀，極盡夸張。面具舞劇實際上是

韓國的一種民間藝術，是德藏時代在平民百姓中自發(fā)形成的。多數(shù)情況下，表演

臨近尾聲時，觀眾和演員一起跳起熱情奔放的舞蹈。

12月英語四級閱讀練習題如何查看國際航班安全

EuropeanandUSregulatorsevaluateaviationsafety,andtheairlineindustry

itselfhasaworld-widesafety-auditprogram,butit'sdifficultfortravelerstocheck

airlinesafetywhenbuyingtickets.There'snorestaurant-inspector'sscorepostedon

theairplanedoororgovernmentcrash-teststarratingprintedonyourticket.

That'sunfortunate,sinceinterestinairlinesafetyishigh.It'sbeenabadyearfor

aviationfatalities,withmorethan700peoplekilledin16crashesaroundtheworld

sofarin2009.Manyinvolvedlittle-knownairlinessomealreadyonwatchlistsfor

safetyconcerns.

GovernmentregulatorsinEuropeandtheUStakedifferentapproachesto

aviationsafety.

TheEuropeanUnionevaluatesairlinesandtheirplanesandpublishesa

"blacklist"ofunacceptablecarriers,mostrecentlyupdatedjusttwoweeksago.The

EUblacklistisavailableontheInternetatec.europa.eu/transport/(clickon"Air/'

then"ListofairlinesbannedwithintheEU")

TheUSFederalAviationAdministrationevaluatescountries,notcarriers.US

inspectorsdecideifacountry'saviationinfrastructureisuptosnuffbycountingthe

numberofinspectorswatchingoverairlines,assessingair-traffic-controlprocedures

andevaluatingfundingandlegalauthorityofaviationregulators.TheFAAevaluation

isbasedlargelyonstandardssetbytheInternationalCivilAviationOrganization,a

UnitedNations-charteredgroup.(USairlinesarerequiredtomeetorexceed

internationalsafetystandards.)

TheFAAsays101countrieshavebeenassessed;79haveCategory1status,

meaningtheUSbelievesthecountrymeetsinternationalstandards,and22fallinto

Category2.Category2doesn'tmeanairlinesfromthatcountryarebanned,onlythat

anynewserviceandairlinepassenger-sharingtiesarefrozen.Thatcanhave

economicimpactonacountryanditsairlines,andthethreatofaCategory2

downgradecanpromptimprovement.

There'ssurprisinglylittleoverlapbetweentheFAAandEUlists.Airlinesfrom

Angola,Benin,Kazakhstan,KyrgyzRepublic,Liberia,Gabon,SierraLeone,Sudan,

Afghanistan,Cambodia,RwandaandZambiaarebannedontheEUblacklist,but

thosecountriesaren'tevaluatedatallbytheFAA.BOthEUandUSregulatorsshare

concernsonCongo,IndonesiaandSwaziland.TheFAAratesZimbabwe,Israel,the

Philippines,SerbiaandMontenegroplusseveralLatinAmericanandCaribbean

nations,includingBelize,Haiti,HondurasandNicaragua,inCategory2,butnotthe

EU.

12月英語四級閱讀練習題水糧食安全之源

Ourplanetisthirsty—thirstybecauseitishungry.Ittakesonethousandtimes

morewatertofeedthehumanpopulationthanitdoestosatisfyitsthirst.

Waterliesatthecoreofsustainabledevelopmentconcerns,anditsrationaland

equitablemanagementiscrucialforhumansurvival.Thatwasoneofthekey

messagestoarisefromtheWorldSummitonSustainableDevelopment?thatwas

heldinJohannesburgthissummer.Nextyear'sThirdWorldWaterForuminJapan

willaddressthisissueingreaterdepth.

Itisthereforefittingthatthisyear'sWorldFoodDayspotlightstheroleofwater

infoodsecurity.Withoutwater,therecanbenofoodproduction.Infact,the

agriculturalsectoristheuserof70percentoftheplanet'swatersupply.Inaworldin

whichpercapitawateravailabilityisdeclining,weneedtofocusonappropriate

watermanagementifwearetosufficientlyincreasefoodproduction,withaviewto

reducehungerandmalnutrition,andfeedapopulationexpectedtoriseto8billionin

30years'time.

Shortageofwaterthreatensextensiveagriculturalregionsindeveloping

countriesandfanstheprospectoffoodcrises.Atpresent,twentycountriesdonot

haveenoughwatertoproducethefoodtheirpopulationsneed.Insomecases,the

overexploitationofwaterresourcesunderminesfutureagriculturalproduction,while

inothers,theirunderexploitationinhibitsdevelopment.

Itisurgenttoavoidpoorirrigationpracticesthathaveoftenledtodiminishing

watersupplies,landdegradationandspreadofdisease.Fartoooften,morewateris

beingpumpedthancanpossiblyberecharged.Also,toomuchwaterisbeinglost

alongcanals,becauseofleakage,wastage,seepageorevaporation.Toomany

schemesarelosingproductivitybecauseofinappropriatedrainage,waterloggingand

abuild-upofsaltsinthesoil.

Wethushavetoturnincreasinglytoadoptintegratedwatershedmanagement,

curbtheupstreamdeforestationthatgeneratesfloodinganderosion,and

significantlyincreaseinvestmentinwatercontrolinfrastructure.Finally,wateruse

willbesustainableonlyifitisdoneinasociallyequitablemanner.

Newwaterpolicy,andinstitutionsandlawswillfacilitatetheintegrated

managementofriverbasinsandwaterresourcesbyallstakeholders,inaclimateof

transparency,accountabilityandsocialjustice.

Thecooperationofalldevelopmentpartners,thepublic,privateandnon-profit

sectorsatnationalandinternationallevel,willbeindispensabletoresolveconflictsof

interest,mobilizesubstantialfinancialresourcesandcreateconditionsforafairer

distributionoffoodandwater.

ThecountriesofAfrica,theMiddleEastandsouthernAsiathatarealready

facingseriouswatershortageswillseetheirsituationrapidlyworsenunlessthereis

strongersolidaritybetweentheregionsofabundanceandtheregionsofscarcity.

Suchsolidarityisnecessaryifwearetoavoidaproliferationandaggravationof

tensionsrelatingtowater.

1.ManypeopleinAfrica（錄U奪）theirrightsoflivingpeacefully.

2.Afewofspiesareplanningto（破壞）thesocialstability.

3.Libraryisusuallyregardedasa（非盈利）organization.

Whyshouldweavoidpoorirrigationpractices?

I.1.aredeprivedof2.undermine3.non-profit

II.Becausesuchpracticeshaveoftenledtodiminishingwatersupplies,land

degradationandspreado

fdisease.

我們的星球很渴。它之所以渴是因為它饑餓。它用于生產(chǎn)供養(yǎng)人類的糧食所

需要的水比用于人類飲用的水多一千倍。

水是可持續(xù)發(fā)展關注的核心問題。對水進行公平合理的管理是人類生存的關

鍵。這是今年夏天在約翰內斯堡舉行的可持續(xù)發(fā)展首腦會議發(fā)出的主要信息之一。

明年在日本舉行的第三屆"世界水論壇"將要更加深入地討論這一問題。

因此，今年的"世界糧食日”突顯水在糧食安全中的作用是正逢其時的。沒有

水，就不可能進行糧食生產(chǎn)。事實上，地球上的供水量有70%為于農業(yè)部門所用。

世界上水的人均占有量正在下降，必須對水進行適當集中管理才能充分提高糧食

生產(chǎn)，從而減少饑餓和營養(yǎng)不良，為30年后預計將達到80億的人口提供食品。

缺水對發(fā)展中國家的廣大農業(yè)地區(qū)造成威脅，可能引起糧食危機。目前有20

個國家無充足的水用于生產(chǎn)該國人口需要的糧食。在某些情況下，水資源過度開

發(fā)影響了農業(yè)生產(chǎn)前景，而在另一些情況下，水資源利用不足抑制了發(fā)展。

貧困、對糧食日益增加的需求以及供水量不足等綜合因素對世界糧食安全及

人人獲得凈水提出了嚴重挑戰(zhàn)。有十億人缺乏凈水，他們中的大多數(shù)還遭受饑餓。

他們生活在農村地區(qū)，農業(yè)是主要收入

我們如何才能在保護環(huán)境的同時確保水的供應和糧食安全呢？今天，世界糧

食產(chǎn)量有三分之一以上來自灌溉地區(qū)，灌溉面積占全球耕地面積的16%。灌溉農

業(yè)的產(chǎn)量至少是雨育農業(yè)的兩倍。在今后30年間，發(fā)展中國家增加的糧食產(chǎn)量

約有70%來自灌溉土地。我們急需避免通常會導致供水減少、土地退化和疾病

傳播的不良灌溉方法。更多時候抽水量都超過了儲水重新補給的能力。同樣，因

流失、消耗、滲透或蒸發(fā)，有太多的水在灌渠沿途損失。由于排水不當、積水和

土壤鹽堿化日益嚴重，許多灌區(qū)的生產(chǎn)率下降。

因此，我們必須更多地采用小流域綜合管理方法，制止造成水災和侵蝕的上

游毀林，大量增加對水利基礎設施的投資。最后，水的利用只有以社會公平的方

式進行才可能持續(xù)。新的水政策和體制及法律將在一種透明、負責和社會公正的

氛圍下，促使所有利益相關者接受對江河流域及水資源的綜合管理方法。

國家和國際范圍內所有發(fā)展伙伴之間、公共、私營及非盈利部門之間必須進

行合作，才能解決利益沖突，調動大量經(jīng)濟資源，為更加公平分配糧食和水創(chuàng)造

條件。除非富足地區(qū)與匱乏地區(qū)之間加強團結協(xié)作，否則非洲I、中東和南亞已經(jīng)

面臨嚴重缺水國家的形勢將會迅速惡化。如果我們要避免與水有關的緊張狀況擴

散和加劇，就需要這種團結協(xié)作。

12月英語四級閱讀練習題自由女神像

America'smostfamouswomanistheGoddessofLiberty,i.e.theStatueof

Liberty.Itwasfirstthoughtofin1865byEdouarddeLaboulayeanddesignedby

anotherFrenchman,FredericBartoldi.Theywantedto11libertyandfriendship.

Americanswereinitially14fortheyhadnotraisedthemoneytopayforthe

erectionofthebase.Fundraisingbypopularsubscriptionwasbehind15.Onefund

raisingmethodusedwastohavepopularAmericanswriteletterswhichwerethen

soldinpublic.

Afteracentury,themonumentbegantoshowsignsofgettingworsein19.Just

asFrenchmenhadcreatedtheStatue,soitwaswithrestoration.

AFrenchmannotedthedecayandFrenchandAmericancraftsmenand

contributionsbroughtabouttherenewaloftheStatueintimeforits

centennial.Libertyisstill20inFranceandtheUnitedStates.

E.honorF.manufactureG.scheduleH.reward

I.celebratedJ.principlesK.embarrassedL.technical

M.voluntaryNconditions0.discouraged

答案：11.E12.I13.F14.K15.G16.D17.L18.J

12月英語四級閱讀練習題哈里?波特的威力

ThePowerOfHarryPotter

BarryCunninghamstilllaughsaboutthatmomentin1997,whenhetoldasingle

motherwithaknackforfantasystorytellingtofindherselfadayjob,becausewriting

children'sbooksdidnotpay.

Butthecheerful51-year-old'sstorydoesnotendwiththecareer-makingmove

ofsigning>J.K.Rowling,HarryPotter'screator.Infact,theformermarketing

directorleftBloomsburyweeksbeforethepublicationofHarryPotterandthe

Philosopher'sStone,thefirstinstalmentsoftheboywizard'sadventures.Today,heis

runninghisownboutiquechildren'sbookpublisher—TheChickenHouse—and,

onceagain,beingcreditedwithturninglittle-knownstorytellersintobigtime

bestsellers.wldidnotseeanydirectfinancialbenefits(fromsigningJ.K.Rowling)but

ithasgivenmeahugereputation——andtheintangiblethingistheconfidenceitgave

meinmyownjudgment."

"It'soddtosaya50-year-oldmanknowswhata13-year-oldwantstoread,but

Ido,“saysMrCunningham.

練習題:

I.TranslatethefollowingChineseexpressionsintoEnglishequivaIents

accordingtothepassage:

1.由于，因為

2.復活，重生，重新出現(xiàn)

3.經(jīng)典作品，古典作品

4.民意調查

II.Questions:

1.Whichcountrybuythemostgoldtomakejewelry?

2.Whatare/zreservedcurrencies'7?

答案：

I.1.dueto2.revival3.classic4.poll

II.1.LordoftheRings2.HarryPotterandthePhilosopher'sStone

譯文：

哈里?波特的威力

如同中了魔法一般，幾乎所有的英國家長都突然撿起了念書給孩子聽的習慣。

英國電力公司委托組織的一次調查發(fā)現(xiàn)，《哈里?波特》系列以及一些更早的經(jīng)典

著作已經(jīng)掀起了一場真正的睡前閱讀革命：現(xiàn)在有90%的英國家長念書給孩子

聽，而在2000年這一比例只有40%o調查認為這種增長是由于所謂的“大小人"

書的流行，這樣的書對大人和孩子有同樣的吸引力。"隨著現(xiàn)時像《指環(huán)王》這

樣的兒童經(jīng)典著作在電影院中的復興，家長們對自己兒時讀過的書籍產(chǎn)生了新的

興趣，或者說是第一次有了去讀它們的愿望,〃調查的一份聲明中援引心理學家埃

里克?西格曼的話說，"正如家長和孩子都可以從空想和幻想中得到樂趣一樣，這些

小說也為家長和孩子提出了可以一起討論的重要問題。與家長分享意見和看法對

孩子情感和創(chuàng)造力的發(fā)展是至關重要的。"

提起1997年那件事時，巴里?坎寧安依然覺得好笑。當時，他勸一位一心要寫

幻想故事的單身母親找一份日常工作，因為寫兒童書的收入甚微。

坎寧安先生慧眼識才的能力就此傳開。甚至在2001年，世界上的兒童書出版

商學究出版社的高級職員在業(yè)界出版物上讀到一則消息:發(fā)現(xiàn)哈利?波特的人正為

自己的新出版社尋找分銷商，隨即便與他聯(lián)系。學究出版社兒童出版及分銷總裁

芭芭拉?馬庫斯說:"我們看中他的才能，并且了解他的品味。我們覺得，他有發(fā)現(xiàn)

新人的能力，同時又有商業(yè)意識?！?/p>

坎寧安先生說:"說一個50歲的人竟然知道13歲孩子想要讀什么書，這很奇怪，

但我確實知道。"

12月英語四級閱讀練習題少為人父

FootballstarMichaelOwenannouncedlastweekthat,at22,hewillsoonfollow

fellowEnglandstar,DavidBeckham,27,intothelabor-wardl.

Thisimpressionisbackedup2byafewsurveysonthematinghabitsofyoung

British.Infact,BritishyoungmenarefivetimesmorelikelythantheirItalian

contemporariestohavesettleddownby25.

Sowhatishappening?Hasthe"Loaded"generationsgonesoft?Celebrityhas

doneaservicebycastingitslimelightonalargelyinvisiblesideoffatherhood.

WhenMichaelDouglas(ageingAmericanactor)revealsaboutthewrinklyend

ofthepaternalexperience,MichaelOwenisdoingforboydads.

PowerfulcelebrityrolemodelssuchasBeckhamhelpyoungfathersfeellessof

analien.Beckham,ofcourse,hasnoproblemwiththebreadwinnerbit,buthis

distinguishingcharacteristicishispublicendorsementofcaringfatherhood.Fora

youngdad,thiscanbeliberation.

Just20percentofteenagefathersremainintouchwiththemothers15years

later.Itmeansthat8,000childrenborntoteenagedadthisyearwillnotbeseeing

himbythetimetheythemselvesareteenagers.

Doesthismattertothechild?Hugely.AccordingtorecentfindingsbyProfessor

JudyDunnattheUK'sInstituteofpsychiatry,acloserelationshipbetweenan

estrangedfatherandhischildishighlybeneficialtoachild'sdevelopment,

particularlywhenthemotherbecamepregnantasateenager.

NewresearchfromBristolUniversityinEnglandsuggeststhatyoungfatherhood,

farfrombeingproblematic,canbringyoung,disadvantagedmenoutofsocial

exclusion.

TheexampleofMichaelOwen'spublicexcitementmaybolstersomeisolated

youngmen.Butaslongastomanyotherpeopleandinstitutionsareambivalent

abouthisroleandfailtoofferahelpinghand,thatfigureof8,000childreninthe

UK4losingtheiryoungdadsbytheirteenageyearsisunlikelytofall.

1.YoungmeninUKislesslikelytogetmarriedbefore25thanthoseinItaly.

2.Celebrity/swayoflifecanaffectaverageperson.

3.Thoughfatheroftwochildren,Beckhamneversupportscaringfatherhood.

4.20%ofthechildrenborntoateenagefatherwillnotlivewiththeirfather

whenthesechildrenareintheirteenage.

5.80%maleswh