GMAT南極臭氧考題

GMAT邏輯機經(jīng)能夠指引人們在閱讀的道路上不再迷茫，這不GMAT閱讀機經(jīng)就來為你指明道路，小編就在這寒冬中為大家吹來一股GMAT機經(jīng)的暖風(fēng)，為大家分享GMAT閱讀機經(jīng)，希望大家能感受到這股暖意，并把它化為能量，在GMAT考試的道路上勇往直前。360教育集團介紹，關(guān)于南極地區(qū)的臭氧層變化對氣候的影響，提到一個什么winds，然后說到南極圈臭氧黑洞在近幾年的逐步恢復(fù)過程中，對全球的氣候會造成一些影響(提到說南美洲會變濕潤，這里第一題就問這個，然后澳大利亞會變干燥。題目是說假設(shè)黑洞恢復(fù)，會對全球經(jīng)濟的至少正面的一些影響，我選的是說墨西哥一些干燥少雨的地方會受益。剩下的題記不清了)?？脊?補充材料：(確認)1.2.1臭氧空間ByhuiwaziV1剛想到有篇月度，就是說臭氧層空洞，文章前面說臭氧層空洞會曬傷，但是最主要的是說空洞和大氣之間的作用力會導(dǎo)致風(fēng)的改變，從而導(dǎo)致南澳洲的天氣變化。V2bytompry760關(guān)于臭氧層空洞的，分兩段，不長，第一段大致介紹了南極圈上的臭氧層的基本概況。記得有一道題要選擇臭氧的濃度在不同季節(jié)不同第二段講的是空洞進一步擴大會造成的后果。這里有到選擇題，我選的是澳大利亞的人會擔(dān)心變干的天氣會造成火災(zāi)。V2是臭氧層的第一段有說臭氧層里的某個物質(zhì)在springtime里low，吸收的紫外線少，所以溫度低(這個覺得挺奇怪的)第二段里面說這個臭氧層破壞的影響然后又說科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)臭氧層在recovery，接著預(yù)測fullrecovery之后的影響，澳大利亞會變干，南美會變濕，對南半球的風(fēng)有影響(促進還是減弱忘了)，南極洲也會受到影響，這里有except題，V3ozone的，在artantic(拼的不對)上空，不同季節(jié)厚度不一樣，吸收紫外線防曬傷。還有影響澳大利亞，變得更干燥。。的風(fēng)有影響(促進還是減弱忘了)，南極洲也會受到影響(有一個問題問的是fullrecovery以后誰會得意，答案是南美洲那些飽受旱災(zāi)困擾的農(nóng)民)V12byweizhui1208770jj超級全基本都考到了有考如果空洞繼續(xù)填補，最大受益者是誰丫。Lz選的南美洲那些以前被干旱折磨的農(nóng)民(因為原文說了南美會變wet嘛)有考如果空洞急需填補，會發(fā)生except。lz選的B還是C來著，反正帶“humidity”那個選項，其他原文都有吧，當(dāng)時細細看了的V13by取巧740第一段介紹臭氧的作用(不重要)，然后是臭氧的一個變化，引起一種wind盛行。第二段是說這種現(xiàn)象的影響。(有題，問第二段的作用，我選的是第二段是對第一段提出的現(xiàn)象的進一步解釋，反正選有explain這個詞的就對了)但是有一道題，問的是如果臭氧恢復(fù)了，會有什么影響，要求選except定位第二段。我在A和B當(dāng)中猶豫半天。因為A中有一個什么大陸，B改變了降水我最后還是拿不準。因為文章說的澳大利亞變干了，南美變干了。有同學(xué)google到一定背景知識，大家可以參考下AfullrecoveryofthestratosphericozoneholecouldmodifyclimatechangeintheSouthernHemisphereandevenamplifyAntarcticwarming,accordingtoscientistsfromtheUniversityofColoradoatBoulder,theNationalOceanicandAtmosphericAdministrationandNASA.WhileEarth‘saveragesurfacetemperatureshavebeenincreasing,theinteriorofAntarcticahasexhibitedauniquecoolingtrendduringtheaustralsummerandfallcausedbyozonedepletion,saidJudithPerlwitzoftheCooperativeInstituteforResearchinEnvironmentalSciences,ajointinstituteofCU-BoulderandNOAA.“Ifthesuccessfulcontrolofozone-depletingsubstancesallowsforafullrecoveryoftheozoneholeoverAntarctica,wemayfinallyseetheinteriorofAntarcticabegintowarmwiththerestoftheworld,”Perlwitzsaid.PerlwitzisleadauthorofanewstudyonthesubjecttobepublishedApril26inGeophysicalResearchLetters.Co-authorsincludeStevenPawsonandEricNielsonofNASA’sGoddardSpaceFlightCenterinGreenbelt,Md.,andRyanFogtandWilliamNeffofNOAA‘sEarthSystemResearchLaboratoryinBoulder.ThestudywassupportedbyNASA’sModelingandAnalysisProgram.TheauthorsusedaNASAsupercomputermodelthatincludedinteractionsbetweentheclimateandstratosphericozonechemistrytoexaminehowchangesintheozoneholeinfluenceclimateandweathernearEarth‘ssurface,saidPerlwitz.Thestudyauthorscalculatedthatwhenstratosphericozonelevelsreturntonearpre-1969levelsbytheendofthe21stcentury,large-scaleatmosphericcirculationpatternsnowshieldingtheAntarcticinteriorfromwarmerairmassestothenorthwillbegintobreakdownduringtheaustralsummer.ThecirculationpatternsarecollectivelyknownasapositivephaseoftheSouthernAnnularMode,orSAM.Thescientistsfoundthatasozonelevelsrecover,thelowerstratosphereoverthepolarregionwillabsorbmoreharmfulultravioletradiationfromthesun.Thiscouldcauseairtemperaturesroughly6to12milesaboveEarth’ssurfacetorisebyasmuchas16degreesFahrenheit,reducingthestrongnorth-southtemperaturegradientthatcurrentlyfavorsthepositivephaseofSAM,saidtheresearchteam.ThesupercomputermodelingeffortalsoindicatedthatozoneholerecoverywouldweakentheintensewesterlywindsthatcurrentlywhiparoundAntarcticaandblockairmassesfromcrossingintothecontinent‘sinterior.Asaresult,Antarcticawouldnolongerbeisolatedfromthewarmingpatternsaffectingtherestoftheworld.NASA’sPawsonsaidozonerecoveryoverAntarcticawouldessentiallyreversesummertimeclimateandatmosphericcirculationchangesthathavebeencausedbythepresenceoftheozonehole.“Itappearsthatozone-inducedclimatechangeoccurredquickly,over20to30years,inresponsetotherapidonsetoftheozonehole,”hesaid.“Theseseasonalchangeswilldecaymoreslowlythantheybuiltup,sinceittakeslongertocleansethestratosphereofozone-depletinggasesthanittookforthemtobuildup.”Theseasonalshiftinlarge-scalecirculationpatternscouldhaverepercussionsforAustraliaandSouthAmericaaswell.OtherstudieshaveshownthatthepositivephaseofSAMisassociatedwithcoolertemperaturesovermuchofAustraliaandincreasedrainfalloverAustralia‘ssoutheastcoastline.Duringlatespringandearlysummer,thepositivephaseofSAMalsoisassociatedwithdrierconditionsinSouthAmerica’sproductiveagriculturalareaslikeArgentina,Brazil,UruguayandParaguay,saidPerlwitz.IfozonerecoveryinducesashiftawayfromapositiveSAM,AustraliacouldexperiencewarmeranddrierconditionswhileSouthAmericacouldgetwetter,shesaid.ButjusthowinfluentialafullstratosphericozonerecoverywillbeonSouthernHemisphereclimatelargelydependsonthefuturerateofgreenhousegasemissions,accordingtotheGRLauthors.Projectedincreasesinhuman-emittedgreenhousegaseslikecarbondioxidewillbethemaindriverforstrengtheningthepositivephaseofSAM.“Inrunningourmodelsimulations,weass