2023年安徽省中考英語總復習一輪復習：第1講-動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài) (一)-教案

課程主題：第1講動詞的時態(tài)和語（一）2023年安徽省中考英語總復習一輪復習學習目標1.掌握時態(tài)的基本類型及基本用法2.了解語態(tài)的基本類型及基本用法教學內(nèi)容【進門測試】1.—MayIspeaktoMrWang?—Sorry.He______aspeechnow.Pleasecalllater.A.gives B.gave C.willgive D.isgiving2.IknowalittleaboutThailand,asI_______therethreeyearsago.A.havebeen B.havegone C.willgo D.went3.—WherewereyoulastSaturday?—I______intheCapitalMuseum.A.am B.willbe C.was D.havebeen4.—Shallwegooutforaswim?—Sorry,Ican’t.I_______houseworkformymothernow.A.amdoing B.isdoing C.aredoing D.did5.—Excuseme,lookatthesignNOPHOTOS!—Sorry,I________it.A.don’tsee B.didn’tsee C.haven’tseen D.won’tsee6.—WhereisyourEnglishteacher?I’mlookingforhimeverywhere.—He_______theInternetinthecomputerroom.A.willsearch B.hassearchedC.searched D.issearching7.—Hey,Tom.Let'sgoswimming.—Justamoment.I_______amessage.A.send B.sent C.amsending D.havesent8.—BobhasgonetoCalifornia.—Oh,canyoutellmewhenhe________?A.hasleft B.left C.isleaving D.leaves9.Tomwantstobeasingerandhe_____singinglessonstodoit.A.took B.hastaken C.istaking D.wastaking.10.—I’venotfinishedmyprojectyet.—Hurryup!Ourfriends_______forus.A.wait B.arewaiting C.willwait D．havewaited【答案】1-5DDCAB;6-10DCBCB【多元導學】教學建議：老師引導學生根據(jù)不同的內(nèi)容進行分析，從而總結(jié)出圖片的變化，來引入本節(jié)課時態(tài)的教學?！净泳v】初中時態(tài)基本概念及用法【知識梳理1】基本概念時態(tài)（Tense）是表示行為、動作和狀態(tài)在各種時間條件下的動詞形式。因此，當我們說時態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)的時候，指的是相應時態(tài)下的動詞形式?！局R梳理2】基本分類1、一般現(xiàn)在時2、一般過去時3、一般將來時4、現(xiàn)在完成時5、現(xiàn)在進行時6、過去進行時時態(tài)謂語動詞形式例句一般現(xiàn)在時be動詞、行為動詞原形或第三人稱單數(shù)形式1.Ilikesports.2.Helikessports.3.Sheisagoodteacher.一般過去時be動詞、行為動詞過去式Wehadagreattimeyesterday.一般將來時will/begoingto+動詞原形1.Theywillgotothecinemanextweek.2.Heisgoingtohaveapicnicwithhisfamilytomorrow.現(xiàn)在進行時am/is/are+動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式1.MyparentsarewatchingTVnow.2.Iamlookingformypurse.現(xiàn)在完成時have/has+動詞的過去分詞LilyhaslearnedEnglishforthreeyears.過去進行時was/were+動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式Weweretalkingloudlywhentheteachercamein.過去完成時had+動詞的過去分詞Wehadalreadylearnednearly1000wordsbytheendoflastterm.過去將來時would或was/weregoingto+動詞原形Hetoldushewouldhaveapartyinhishousethisweekend.【知識梳理3】用法詳解一般現(xiàn)在時1）經(jīng)常性或習慣性的動作。例如：ItseldomsnowsinSuqiannow.2）現(xiàn)在的特征或狀態(tài)。例如：Helovessports.3）普遍真理，一般規(guī)律。例如：Lighttravelsfasterthansound.4）可以用來表示一個按規(guī)定，計劃，安排或時刻表要發(fā)生的情況，一般都有一個表示未來時間的狀語。通常用來表示學期什么時候要開學、結(jié)束；飛機、火車、汽車、船只等交通工具什么時候要到達，什么時候要離開等時刻表上已有安排的活動。動詞一般限于少數(shù)幾個，如：begin,start,stop,arrive,come,go,leave,return,open,close,be等例如：Myplaneleavesat11a.m.tomorrow.5）在if,when,assoonas,until,after,before等連接詞引導的時間或條件狀語從句中，從句中謂語動詞要用一般現(xiàn)在時，主句要用將來時。例如：Turnoffthelightbeforeyouleave./Wewillstartassoonasyouareready.結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+do\does\am\is\are（動詞原形或是三單）一般現(xiàn)在時應注意以下幾點：a.在間接引語中，如果轉(zhuǎn)述的是客觀真理、一般規(guī)律、諺語俗語，一般現(xiàn)在時時態(tài)保持不變。例如：Hesaidtheearthisround.

b.if引導的條件狀語從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來的情況；但if作為"是否"意思時，其引導的賓語從句如果表示將來的情況則用一般將來時。When作為"當......時候"，引導狀語從句時，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來的情況，如：Whenhecomes,Iwillletyouknow；如果引導的是賓語從句，表示"什么時候"，則將來的情況仍然用一般將來時，如：Idon'tknowwhenhewillvisitme.c.一些時間副詞如seldom,usually,sometimes,often,never,everyday等既可以用于過去時，也可以用于一般現(xiàn)在時。要注意區(qū)分。例如：Heoftengoesswimming./Heoftenwentswimmingin1999.【例題精講】例1.—Look,whathaveyoudone?

—Sorry.IthinkifI_____anotherchance,I’lldoitbetter.give

B.willbegiven

C.willgive

D.amgiven【答案】D【解析】容易看出本題是if引導的條件句，遵循主將從現(xiàn)的原則。例2.Let’sgofishingifit___thisweekend.Butnobodyknowsifit____.A.isfine,willrain

B.willbefine,rains

C.isfine,rainsD.willbefine,willrain【答案】A【解析】前半句中if引導的是條件狀語從句，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來；后半句if的意思是"是否"，引導賓語從句，周末下不下雨是未來的事情，用一般將來時。例3.Isyourfatheradoctor?

Yes,heis.

He________inTownHospital.hasworked

B.hadworked

C.works

D.worked【答案】D【解析】"光比聲音傳播速度快"是科學真理，在間接引語中一般現(xiàn)在時保持不變。2、現(xiàn)在進行時表示此刻的行為：表示說話此刻正進行的行為，句中可有now,atthemoment等時間狀語,也可無表示現(xiàn)在時間的狀語。如:Itiscoldnow,sosheisnotwearingaskirt.表示現(xiàn)階段的行為：表示現(xiàn)階段正在進行(但說話此刻不一定在進行)的行為，句中可有now,thesedays(years,…)thisweek(year,…)等時間狀語，也可無此類狀語。如：Howareyoudoingatschoolthisterm?表示經(jīng)常反復的行為：表示在現(xiàn)階段經(jīng)常反復發(fā)生的行為，常帶有某種感情色彩(或褒或貶)，句中常always,constantly,continually,forever等時間狀語。如：Youareconstantlychangingyourminds.表示將來的行為：表示按計劃，安排在最近的將來要發(fā)生的行為，此時動詞多為表示行止往返(如:go,come,leave,arrive等)，以及其他許多動詞(如:do,finish,retire,spend,send等)；句中多有表示將來時間的時間狀語。如：Theplaneistakingoffat10:30a.m.結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+am\is\are+doing（現(xiàn)在分詞）注意：表示狀態(tài)和感覺的動詞如果指現(xiàn)在情況的話，一般不用于進行時，而要用一般現(xiàn)在時。這樣的動詞有：love,like,hate,want,hope,need,wish,know,understand,remember,belong,hear,see,seem,have(有),sound(聽起來),taste（嘗起來）等?！纠}精講】例1.—Where’syourmother,Helen?—She________theflowersinthegarden.

A.waters

B.watered

C.iswatering

D.haswatered【答案】C【解析】問什么答什么！談話中問媽媽現(xiàn)在在哪兒，可知媽媽正在花園里給花澆水；用現(xiàn)在進行時態(tài)。例2.Hurryup!It'stimetoleave.

--OK,________.A.I'mcoming

B.I'llcome

C.I'vecome

D.Icome【答案】A【解析】現(xiàn)在進行表將來的用法："I'mcoming"意思是"我就來"?，F(xiàn)在進行時表示最近按安排要進行的動作。例3.Iseehimgoout.He_________hishomeworkathomeatthemoment.A.candoB.canbedoingC.can’tbedoingD.can’tdoing【答案】C【解析】此題是現(xiàn)在進行時和情態(tài)動詞的聯(lián)合考查，首先根據(jù)前一句：Iseehimgoout，判定此人不在家，而后看到atthemoment，說明時態(tài)應為現(xiàn)在進行時，故選擇C。例4.IthinkI_______whathewantsnow.A.amunderstandingB.understandC.understandingD.Understand【答案】B【解析】此題即為現(xiàn)在進行時的特殊用法：表示狀態(tài)和感覺的動詞不用現(xiàn)在進行時，即使有明顯的時間狀語now,atpresent也仍然用一般現(xiàn)在時。3、一般過去時1）表示過去某時發(fā)生的動作或情況（包括習慣性動作）。常見的時間狀語有：yesterday,lastnight/week,amonthago/tenyearsago和過去時間in1990,in2006等。例如：SheoftencametohelpmewhenIwasintrouble.2）發(fā)生的時間不是很清楚，但實際上是過去發(fā)生的。例如：Hownicetoseeyouhere!Ithoughtyouwereout.結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+did（動詞過去式）注意：區(qū)分一般過去時和過去進行時。A:一般過去時表示過去發(fā)生的事情，側(cè)重結(jié)果；B:過去進行時只表示過去某段時間正在進行的動作，而不涉及結(jié)果。例如：Hewaswritingaletterlastnight.（不知道是否寫完了）Hewrotealetterlastnight.(結(jié)果寫完了)【例題精講】例1.Simon________hisfingerswhenhewascookingthedinner.A.burnt

B.wasburning

C.hasburnt

D.hadburn【答案】A【解析】burn此處為瞬間動詞，表示"燙著"，而不能表示持續(xù)地燙著，"當他在做飯的時候，他燙著了手指"，一般過去時在此處表示結(jié)果。例2.John_______athisuncle’sfor3daysandheisnowathome.A.stayed B.hasstayed C.hadstayed D.wasstaying【答案】A【解析】此題學生極容易受“for3days”影響而選擇現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)，注意現(xiàn)在完成時的第二個用法：動作發(fā)生在過去，且動作一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，需要用可持續(xù)性動詞，但若現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)已經(jīng)發(fā)生了變化，則不用完成時態(tài)，第二句說明約翰此時已經(jīng)在家了，故不用現(xiàn)在完成時，而只是強調(diào)過去在他的叔叔家呆了三天，用一般過去時態(tài)。例3.—I’msorryyouhavemissedthebus.It_________fiveminutesago.—Whatapity!wasleaving

B.hasleft

C.left

D.Leaves【答案】C【解析】屬于典型的根據(jù)各時態(tài)特有的時間狀語來選擇時態(tài)的題目，題中"fiveminutesago"可知是指過去的事情，且表示的是結(jié)果，用一般過去時。例4.—Mr.Johnson,wehavefoundyourwatch.—Mywatch！Thankyou.Where____

it?A.doyoufind

B.haveyoufound

C.didyoufind

D.wereyoufinding【答案】C【解析】"發(fā)現(xiàn)"的動作為過去的事情，表示過去的結(jié)果，故用一般過去時。不規(guī)則動詞過去式表格原形過去式原形過去式原形過去式原形過去式原形過去式amwasdrinkdrankhearheardmaymightsleepsleptareweredrivedrovehidehidmeanmeantspeakspokebecomebecameeatatehithitmeetmetstandstoodbeginbeganfeelfeltholdheldputputsweepsweptbringbroughtfindfoundhurthurtreadreadswimswambuyboughtflyflewkeepkeptrunrantaketookcancouldgetgotknowknewsaysaidteachtaughtcatchcaughtgivegaveleaveleftseesawtelltoldcomecamegowentletletsellsoldthinkthoughtdo/doesdidgrowgrewloselostsingsangwearworedrawdrewhave/hashadmakemadesitsatwritewrote【課堂練習】Mr.WhitegaveLucyanicegiftandshe___________(thank)himverymuch.IfI___________(have)arestwhenhecomes,pleaseaskhimtowaitforawhileinmyoffice.TomisworriedaboutJanebecauseshe________(suffer)fromstressthesedays.【答案】thanked2.amhaving3.issuffering【知識梳理4】語態(tài)的基本概念及用法1.語態(tài)：英語的語態(tài)是通過動詞的形式表現(xiàn)出來的，用來表明主語與謂語動詞之間的關系，英語的動詞有兩種語態(tài)形式，即主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。如果主語是動作的執(zhí)行者，謂語動詞用主動語態(tài)。如果主語是動作的對象，謂語動詞用被動語態(tài)。2.主動語態(tài)與被動語態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)化：①將主動語態(tài)的賓語改為被動語態(tài)的主語；②將主動語態(tài)的謂語動詞改為“be＋過去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)；③將主動語態(tài)的主語改為介詞by之后的賓語，放在謂語動詞之后（有時可省略）。例：Wevisitedthatfactorylastsummer.主動語態(tài)主語謂語賓語狀語Thatfactorywasvisitedbyuslastsummer被動語態(tài)主語謂語賓語狀語3.用被動的情況(1)不知道或沒有必要說明動作的執(zhí)行者是誰。

例如：Somenewcomputerswerestolenlastnight.

一些新電腦在昨晚被盜了。(不知道電腦是誰偷的)Thisbookwaspublishedin1981.這本書出版于1981年。（沒有必要或說出出版者）(2)強調(diào)動作的承受者，而不強調(diào)動作的執(zhí)行者。

例如：Thewindowwasbrokenbymike.窗戶是邁克打破的。

ThisbookwaswrittenbyLuxun.這本書是他寫的?！局R梳理5】不同時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)時態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)例句一般現(xiàn)在時am/is/are+過去分詞WearetaughtEnglishbyher.由她教我們英語。一般過去時was/were+過去分詞ApresentwasgiventomebyMary.瑪麗給了我一件禮物。一般將來時will/shall/begoingtobe+過去分詞Thedeskwillbemendedbyhim.這張桌子將由他修理。現(xiàn)在進行時am/is/are+being+過去分詞Thewallsarebeingpaintednow.正在粉刷墻壁。過去進行時was/were+being+過去分詞Thetalkwasbeinggivenatthistimeyesterday.昨天這個時候正在作報告?，F(xiàn)在完成時have/hasbeen+過去分詞Theflowershavebeenwatered.這些花已經(jīng)被澆了。情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞+be+過去分詞（其時態(tài)及句型的變化僅由情態(tài)動詞完成，"be+過去分詞"部分不變）例1：Tablescanbemadeofstone.桌子可由石頭制造。例2：Tablescouldbemadeofstoneatthattime.那時桌子可由石頭制造。（一般過去時）例3：Cantablesbemadeofstone?桌子能用石頭制造嗎？（疑問句）【例題精講】例1.Themobilephonehasinfluencedpeople’slifealotsinceit_________.A.inventsB.inventedC.isinventedD.wasinvented【答案】C【解析】考查動詞時態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：自從手機發(fā)明后，它在很大程度上影響了人們的生活。根據(jù)句意判斷用一般過去時，手機與動詞invent在邏輯上是被動關系，所以用一般過去時的被動語態(tài)。例2.ItissaidthatanAsianCultureVillage_________insidetheAYG,VillageinNanjinginthecomingAsianYouthGamesperiod.A.builds B.isbuilding C.willbebuilt D.wasbuilt【答案】C【解析】根據(jù)文中It’ssaidthat以及thecoming可知為將來時，根據(jù)句意可知本題為被動語態(tài)，故為將來被動語態(tài)?！菊n堂練習】用括號內(nèi)動詞的適當形式填空1.she_______________(tell)thegoodnewsassoonasitarrived.2.Thebook________________(write)bytheyounggirlseveralyearsago.3.Anewbuilding__________(build)atourschoolnow.4.Idon'tbelieveyou'vealreadyfinishedreadingthebookwhich________(lend)toyouthismorning！【答案】wastold；waswritten；isbeingbuilt；waslent【課堂檢測】單項選擇1.—I’dlikeyoutotellmesomethingaboutShenNongjia.—I’msorry,butneitherJacknorI____there.A.havebeenB.hadbeenC.havegoneD.hasgone2.－Howlong_you__thisbook?－Fortwoweeks.A.did;borrowB.have;borrowedC.have;keptD.will;borrow3.一Ididn'tseeyouatthemeetingyesterday.Why?一I________foranimportanttelephonecallatthatmoment.A.waitB.waited C.amwaitingD.waswaiting4.Isawhiminthelibraryyesterday.He______abookatthatmoment.A.readsB.isreadingC.wasreadingD.willread5.—Sorry,I’mlate.Hasthemeetingbegun?—Itdoesn’tmatter.Themeeting_______forseveralminutes.A.hasjustbegunB.hasjustbeenoverC.hasjustbeenonD.hasjustended—Jack,Ihaven'tseenyouruncleforalongtime.—He______Shanghaionbusinessfortwomonths.wenttoB.hasgonetoC.hasbeeninD.hasbeento7.Thetwinsdidn'tgotothetheatre,they__thelightmusicallnight.A.haveenjoyedB.willenjoyC.areenjoyingD.wereenjoying8.—DoyouknowthemovingstoryofJackandRose?—Ofcourse.I_______thefilmTitanicseveraltimes.seeB.sawC.haveseenD.hadseen9.—Wouldyouliketowatchthethree-DfilmTitanicwithme?—Certainly.Idon’tmindseeingitagainalthoughI_______ittwice.A.saw B.wasseenC.haveseen D.hadseen10.—Icalledyouyesterdayevening,butyoudidn’tanswerit.—Oh,I__awalkwithmyparentsatthattime.A.took

B.wastaking

C.amtaking

D.take11.—Dave,wewillleavein10minutes.Areyouready?—No,I______ourguidebookandtowelsyet.A.don'tpack B.didn'tpackC.havepackedD.haven'tpacked12.—Linda,Icalledyouthismorning,butnobodyansweredthephone.—I'msorry.I______footballwithmyfriendsthen.A.playB.playedC.amplayingD.wasplaying13.He_______Luzhouforthreemonths.A.hasleftB.hascometoC.hasgonetoD.hasbeenawayfrom14.—“Didyouborrowthecomicbookfromthelibrary?”—“Yes.I______itforthreedays.I’llreturnitthisafternoon.”A.borrowed B.keptC.haveborrowed D.havekept15.He_______inthefactoryforthreeyearsbeforehejoinedthearmy.A.hasworked B.worksC.hadworked D.willwork16.—Iwenttoseeyouyesterdayevening.Butyouweren'tin.Wherewereyouthen?—I________awalkbythelakewithmyhusband.A.washavingB.amhavingC.havehad D.have17.Theastronautissotiredthathe______forelevenhours.A.hasbeenasleepB.hasfallenasleepC.hasgonetobedD.hasgonetosleep18.TereorersaidhatteUFO easttowestwhnesawit..trvelB.trveed C.astrvlng .hastavl19.—WasKateatthepartylastnight?—Yes,she________areallynicedress.A.iswearingB.waswearingC.wouldwearD.hasworn20.Bythetimemyparentsreachedhomeyesterday,I_______thedinneralready.A.hadcookedB.cookedC.havecookedD.wascooked21.Nobodyknewwhat_______aftertenyears.A.willhappenB.arehappeningC.wouldhappenD.hashappened22.Linda,withherparents,_______theWolfHill,andtheywillbebackthisafternoon.A.hasgonetoB.havegonetoC.hasbeentoD.havebeento23.—IsthatMr.Wangspeaking?—Sorry,heisn’tin.He_______abroadforatrip.A.hasbeen B.isgoingC.hasgone D.willgo24.Juliaisn’tgoingtothecinemawithusbecauseshe_______thefilm.A.sees B.saw C.willsee D.hasseen【答案】1-5ACDCC6-10CDCCB11-15DDDDC16-20AACBA21-24CACD二、用所給詞的適當形式填空1.—Whatdoyouthinkofmyplan?—Sorry.What’sthat?I___________(listen)tomyfavouritesong.2.Shouldn’the___________(pay)morethoughhedoesn’tminddoingextraworkforthecompany?3.Thepaintingshedevotedallhislifeto___________(show)successfullylastweek.4.Everytimesuchafoolishmistake________(make),MissGaowillgetveryangry.5.Withalllightson,theclassroom________(become)asbrightasdaywhentheygotthere.6.AnyconfirmedH1N1flucaseshould_______(report)tothecentralgovernmentandthepublicopenlyandimmediately.7.Carlwaswokenupat4a.m.byastrongshakebecausethefamilydog_____(try)topullhimoutofbed.【答案】waslistening2.bepaid3.wereshown4.ismade5.became6.bereported7.wastrying三、短文填空Thereisabeautifulislandlocated(位于)attheoutereastsideoftheZhujiangRivermouth,which(1)______(call)HongKong.ItliestothewestofMacaoand(2)________(face)totheSouthChinaSea.Onthenorthitisconnected(相連)withtheShenzhenSpecialEconomicalZone.It(3)__________(cover)about1,075squarekilometers(平方公里)andincludesthreemainparts—HongKongIsland,KowloonPeninsula(半島)andNewTerritories.TherearemorethansixmillionpeopleinHongKong,ofwhichabout98percentareChinese.Itsweatherissuitableanditsscenery（風景）isverybeautiful.Althoughitsareaisn’tverylarge,itseconomy（經(jīng)濟）（4）_________(develop)quickly.Today’sHongKong(5)_______already________(become)thefamousheartoftheinternationaltrade,finance(金融),shipping,travelandinformation.It(6)_______(keep)theforeigntraderelationswithover170countries.Ithasalotofskyscrapers(摩天大樓)anddocks.Itattractsseveralmilliontravelersallovertheworld.About109yearsago,HongKong(7)_______(occupy)(強占)bytheEnglishinvaders（侵掠者）and(8)______(rule)fornearlyonecentury.Thisisthegreatshame（恥辱）fortheChinesenation.OnJuly1,1997,HongKongreturnedtotheembrace(懷抱)ofourmotherlandagain.