高考英語語法之關(guān)系代詞考點歸納及練習鞏固講義

高中英語語法之關(guān)系代詞考點歸納及練習鞏固引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞用法關(guān)系詞通常有下列三個作用：1)引導(dǎo)定語從句；2)代替先行詞；3)在定語從句中擔當一個成分。關(guān)系代詞有that，which，who，whom，whose，as等；一：關(guān)系代詞的用法關(guān)系代詞指代對象及在從句中所作的成分使用要點that即指人又指物；作主語或賓語（作賓語時可省略）只用于限制性定語從句中，介詞后面不能跟that。當代替物時，可以與which通用。YesterdayEmilywaswearingthenewdressthatIgaveher．昨天艾米麗穿了我送給她的新衣服。Ihaveafriendthatlikeslisteningtoclassicalmusic我有個朋友喜歡聽古典音樂。

which指物；作主語或賓語（作賓語時可省略）在非限定性定語從句中，只宜用which,不能用that.在限定性定語從句中，可用在介詞之后。Myparentsliveinahousewhichismorethan100yearsold我的父母住在一座具有100多年歷史的房子里

who,whom指人；作主語或賓語（whom常可省略）先行詞必須為人。Who可代替在從句中擔任賓語的whom,若前有介詞，須用whomAcouchpotatoisapersonwhospendsalotoftimewatchingTV．“Acouchpotato”指那種成天沉湎于電視中的人。Thestudent(whom)Itaughttwoyearsagohasjoinedthearmy．我兩年前教的那個學生已經(jīng)參軍了。

whose既指人又指物；作定語是代詞的所有格，代物時，相當于ofwhich。Theroomwhosewindowfacessouthismine．那個窗戶朝南的房間是我的。注意：whose指物時，常用ofwhich結(jié)構(gòu)來代替。如：Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired．=Theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired．不能用關(guān)系代詞Which的幾種情況在英語句子中，有幾種情況下是不能用關(guān)系代詞which的，例如：1、當先行詞為all,little,much,few,everything,none等不定代詞時關(guān)系代詞用that而不用which.Therearefewbooksthatyoucanreadinthisbookstore.2、當先行詞既有人又有物時,關(guān)系代詞用that,不用which.Heaskedaboutthefactoriesandworkersthathehadvisited.3、當先行詞有形容詞最高級修飾時,關(guān)系代詞用that,而不用which.GuilinisoneofthemostbeautifulcitiesthatIhaveevervisited.4、當先行詞有序數(shù)詞修飾時,關(guān)系代詞用that,不用which.ThefirstsightthatwascaughtattheGreatWallhasmadealastingimpressiononhim.5、當先行詞被theonly,thevery,thesame,theright等修飾時,關(guān)系代詞用that,不用which.Itistheonlybookthatheboughthimself.6、當先行詞被all,every,any,much,little,few,no等修飾時,關(guān)系代詞用that,不用which.Thereisnoclothesthatfityouhere.7、當主句是以which開頭的特殊問句時,定語從句關(guān)系代詞一般用that而不用which.Whichofthebooksthathadpictureswasworthreading?8、在強調(diào)句型"Itis...that..."中,只用that,不用which.Itisinthisroomthathewasborntwentyyearsago.9、在"such(thesame)...as..."句型中,關(guān)系代詞要用as,而不用which.Weneedsuchmaterialsas(notwhich)canbearhightemperature.10、表示"正如...那樣","正象..."之意時,用as,不用which.Marywaslateagain,ashadbeenexpected.11、As引導(dǎo)的定語從句可以放在主句前面,也可以放在主句后面或主句中間,而由which引導(dǎo)的定語從句只能放在主句后面。Asweallknow,oceanscovermorethan70%oftheearth.關(guān)系代詞which,that,who的區(qū)別之前，與大家一起學習了that,which,who,whom,whose,ofwhich等關(guān)系代詞的用法，但是它們之間，在用法上既有重合，又有沖突?？峙虏簧偃嗽缫衙允г谶@些“剪不斷理還亂”的關(guān)系代詞中了。今天重點為大家梳理一下which/that/who用法的區(qū)別~~~whichVSthatwhich和that都可指代物，有時候可以互換，有時卻是“水火不容”：一、只用that不能用which的情況：（1）先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級所修飾，或本身是序數(shù)詞、基數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級時：

Themostimportantthingthatweshoulddoisto

studyhard.

我們要做的最重要的事情就是努力學習。（2）被修飾的先行詞為all/any/much/many/everything/anything/none/theone等不定代詞時：

Isthereanythingthatyouwanttobuy?你有什么東西要買嗎？（3）先行詞被theonly/thevery/thesame/thelast/little/few等詞修飾時：

ThisisthesamebookthatIlost.這就是我丟的那本書。（3）先行詞里同時含有人和物時：

IcanrememberthepersonsandsomepicturesthatIsawintheroom.

我能清楚記得我在那個房間所見到的人和一些照片。（4）避免重復(fù)：

Whichisthepenthatbelongstoyou?哪支筆是你的？（5）主句是therebe結(jié)構(gòu)：

ThereisapenonthedeskthatbelongstoTom.桌子上那支筆是湯姆的。二、只用which，而不用that的情況：（1）先行詞為that/those時：What’sthatwhichisunderthedesk？在桌子底下的那些東西是什么？（2）關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時：Thisisthecity

in

whichhelives.這是他生活的城市。（3）引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句：Tompassedtheexam,whichmadeussurprised.湯姆通過了考試，這使我們很驚訝。

thatVSwho兩者均可指人，有時可互換：Allthat/whoheardthenews

weresad.所有聽到消息的人都很傷心。Heistheonlyoneamongusthat/who

knowsSpanish.他是我們中間唯一懂西班牙語的人。一、只用that不能用who的情況：（1）當先行詞指人又指物時：IrememberthepersonsandpicturesthatIsawinthemuseum.我記得在博物館看到的那些人和圖片。（2）避免重復(fù)：：WhowasitthatwontheWorldCupin1982?誰贏得了1982年的世界杯？（3）當關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作表語時（可省略）：Jackisnottheboy(that)hewastenyearsago.杰克不再是十年前那個樣子了。二、只用who不能用that的情況:（1）先行詞為one、ones或anyone

：Anyone

who

breaks

the

law

should

be

punished.

所有違法的人都該受到懲罰。（2）先行詞為those且指人

：Thosewho

break

the

law

will

be

punished.

違法的那些人都會受到懲罰。（3）在there

be開頭的句子中：

There

is

a

student

who

wants

to

see

you.

（4）避免重復(fù)：

Whoistheboythatiswriting？正在寫字的那個男孩是誰？

（5）在非限制性定語從句中:

I

have

a

goodfriend,

who

comes

from

theUSA.

關(guān)系代詞練習1.Iknowtheboy____________yougavethebook____________.；to；towhom；to；tohim2.Harbinistheveryplace____________I’manxioustopayavisit.whichwhich3.HaveyoubeentoHangzhou____________WestLakeisthemostbeautifulinourcountry？4.Iknowthestudent____________youborrowedthepen.whomwhich5.HereareplayersfromJapan，____________areouroldfriends.6.Theyarrivedatthefarmhouseinfrontof____________

sat

asmallboy.place7.Thatistheday____________I’llneverforget.A./whichwhich8.Theletterisfrommysister，____________isworkinginBeijing.9.Iboughtabook，____________Ican’tremembernow.titletitletitleofittitleofthat10.Iwanttousethesamedictionary____________wasusedyesterday.11.HeisgoodatEnglish，____________weallknow.12.I’llneverforgetthedays________wespenttogetherinthecountryside.whichwhich13.Thisisthebestfilm____________Ihaveeverseen.that14.Heistheonlyoneofthestudents____________fromShanghai.isarearecome15.MrScottisoneoftheforeignexpertswho____________inChina.workingwo