人教版高中英語選修九學(xué)案講義Unit 4 Exploring plants-語法篇（學(xué)生版）

Unit4Exploringplants語法篇____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________1.掌握賓語定義并能區(qū)分直接賓語與間接賓語；2.復(fù)習(xí)掌握?？冀与p賓語的動(dòng)詞并熟練運(yùn)用；3.復(fù)習(xí)掌握非謂語動(dòng)詞作賓語的規(guī)律；一.賓語的定義及構(gòu)成賓語是及物動(dòng)詞后的一個(gè)成分，表示動(dòng)作的對象、承受者或結(jié)果?？梢杂米髻e語的有名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、名詞化的形容詞、動(dòng)詞不定式、-ing形式、復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)和從句。

二.非謂語動(dòng)詞作賓語1.通常只能接動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語的動(dòng)詞(或動(dòng)詞短語)：建議抵制享受——(suggest，advise；resist；enjoy)

考慮承認(rèn)冒險(xiǎn)——(consider；admit；risk)避免推遲實(shí)踐——(avoid；delay；practice)期待成功完成——(lookforwardto；succeedin；finish)2.通常只能接不定式作賓語的動(dòng)詞：agree(同意)；offer(提出)；intend，plan(打算，計(jì)劃)；demand，ask(要求)；promise(答應(yīng))；help(幫忙)；prepare(準(zhǔn)備)；decide(決定)；refuse(拒絕)；dare(敢于)；choose(選擇)；wish，hope，want，expect(希望，想要)；fail（不能；忘記）；pretend(假裝)；manage(設(shè)法)；determine（決心）同意提出做計(jì)劃，要求答應(yīng)來幫忙。準(zhǔn)備決定遭拒絕，敢于選擇有希望。不能做到莫假裝，設(shè)法做成決心堅(jiān)。3.既能接不定式，又能接動(dòng)詞-ing形式，除begin，continue，like，dislike，love，prefer，start基本沒有區(qū)別也有意思不同的動(dòng)詞或詞組：即“四‘記’”“力爭”“不后悔”。四“記”指“記得、記?。╮emember）”；“忘記（forget）”“計(jì)劃、打算（mean）”；“繼續(xù)（goon)”；力爭指“try”；“不”“后悔”指stop與regret。三.賓語從句在復(fù)合句中用作賓語的從句叫做賓語從句。它是眾多從句中的一員，在復(fù)合句中作主句謂語動(dòng)詞、介詞或某些形容詞的賓語。在及物動(dòng)詞的后面可以接一個(gè)名詞來充當(dāng)賓語，如：

Iknowtheman.而這時(shí)也可以用一個(gè)句子來充當(dāng)賓語，如：

Iknowthatthemanisapoliceman.主句引導(dǎo)詞從句1.賓語從句三大塊:1).賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞由that，if，whether和連接代詞who,whom,whose,what,which和連接副詞when,where,why,how引導(dǎo).2).賓語從句的語序必須是陳述語序3).賓語從句與主句的時(shí)態(tài)要相互呼應(yīng)2.特殊情況：1).從句說明的是一般真理、客觀事實(shí)、自然現(xiàn)象、名言時(shí)，仍用現(xiàn)在時(shí)。Dadtoldusthatitisbettertodothantosay.Hetoldtheboythatthreeandthreeissix.Couldyoutellmewherethebookshopis.2).從句中有具體時(shí)間狀語，即使從句動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句動(dòng)作前，仍然用一般過去時(shí)。Theteachertoldmeshewasbornin1960.四.直接引語變間接引語（容易忽視的變化）1.變?nèi)朔Q：1)“一隨主”是指在直接引語變間接引語時(shí)，如果從句中的主語是第一人稱或被第一人稱所修飾。從句中的人稱要按照主句中主語的人稱變化。2)“二隨賓”是指直接引語變間接引語時(shí)，若從句中的主語及賓語是第二人稱。或被第二人你所修飾。從句中的人稱要跟引號外的主句的賓語一致。如果引號外的主句沒有賓語。也可以用第一人稱。3)“第三人稱不更新”是指直接引語變間接引語時(shí)。如果從句中的主語及賓語是第三人稱或被第三人稱所修飾從句中的人稱一般不需要變化。2.變時(shí)態(tài)：如果主句謂語動(dòng)詞為各種現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般將來時(shí)，則間接引語中的動(dòng)詞仍保持直接引語原來時(shí)態(tài)。如果主句謂語動(dòng)詞為過去時(shí)，間接引語中的動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)按下列變化：1）一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)變?yōu)橐话氵^去時(shí)2）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)變?yōu)檫^去進(jìn)行時(shí)3）一般將來時(shí)變?yōu)檫^去將來時(shí)4）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)變?yōu)檫^去完成時(shí)5）一般過去時(shí)變?yōu)檫^去完成時(shí)6）過去完成時(shí)不變，仍為過去完成時(shí)但要注意在以下幾種情況下。在直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)一般不變化。①直接引語是客觀真理。"Theearthmovesaroundthesunandthemoonmovesaroundtheearth,theteachertoldme.→Theteachertoldmetheearthmovesaroundthesunandthemoonmovesaroundtheearth。②直接引語是過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)不變。Jacksaid."John,wherewereyougoingwhenImetyouinthestreet?"→JackaskedJohnwherehewasgoingwhenhemethiminthestreet。③直接引語中有具體的過去某年、某月、某日作狀語，變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)不變。XiaoWangsaid."IwasbornonApril2l,1980。"→XiaoWangsaidhewasbornonApril20,1980。④直接引語如果是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。表示一種反復(fù)出現(xiàn)或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，變間接引語，時(shí)態(tài)不變。Hesaid,"Igetupatsixeverymorning。"→Hesaidhegetsupatsixeverymorning。⑤如果直接引語中的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒有過去時(shí)的形式（例：oughtto，hadbetter,usedto)和已經(jīng)是過去時(shí)的形式時(shí)，（例：could,should,would,might）不再變。Petersaid."Youhadbetterehavetoday。"→PetersaidIhadbettergotherethatday。3.代詞等一般地應(yīng)作相應(yīng)的變化。1)指示代詞thisthatthesethose2)表示時(shí)間的詞nowthentodaythatdaythisweek(month,etc)thatweek(month,etc)yesterdaythedaybeforelastweek(month)theweek(month)beforethreedays(ayear)agothreedays(ayear)beforetomorrowthenext(following)daynextweek(month)--thenext(following)week(month)3)表地點(diǎn)的詞here--there4)動(dòng)詞bring--takee–go五.雙賓語動(dòng)詞1.通常為“間接賓語+直接賓語”Hedoesn'townmeanything.SheaskedmewhetherIhadbeentherebefore.Iwarnedyouhewouldbelate.Givemeit./Giveittome.Theytolduswheretoshopcheaply.

2.間接賓語后移,間接賓語用to或for引出:

TheygiveittoJohn.Hesoldhisoldcartooneofhisneighbors.Ihaveboughtsomechocolateforyou.Givethedictionarytome,please.**用to側(cè)重指動(dòng)作的方向,表示朝著,向著,對著某人。用for側(cè)重指動(dòng)作的受益者,表示為了某人,替某人。

3.常跟雙賓語的動(dòng)詞分類總結(jié)：

1)需借助to的:bring,give,lend,hand,offer,pass,pay,promise,read,return,send,show,teach,tell,ask,leave,mail,throw,take,write等。

2)需借助for的:build,buy,call,change,cook,choose,do,draw,envy,fetch,find,forgive,gain,get,make,order,play(演奏),sing,save,spare,win等。1.Youprobablycan’tresistthe__________(tempt)ofacigarette.2.Areyougivingup_________(smoke)?3.Weshouldhelp________(poor).4.—Howmanybrothersdoyouhave?

—Ihave_______(4).5.Iwant_____________(makeaface)andfrighten____(你).6.Areyounervous?Doyoumind_______(taste)aspider?7.Youaresobusy!Iwonderhowyoucanmanage__________(phone)twoatthesametime.8.IloveplantsandIlove_____________(takecareof)plants.9.Ithink_____itisthesmallestbabyintheworld.10.Whataseaofpeople!Ican’tfind______youare.基礎(chǔ)演練一.請翻譯下列句子，并用心體會動(dòng)詞不定式和動(dòng)詞-ing形式的不同含義。1.Thedoctortriedtocurethewomanofherillness,sohetriedtreatingherwithanewmedicine.2.Theteacheraskedustogoonreadingthetextinsteadofgoingontodotheexercises.3.Whatapoormemory!Iforgotborrowingmoneyfromhimyesterday.ButtodayIforgottoreturnthemoneytohimagain.4.Whentheteachersaidangrily,“Stoptalking,children”,thepupilsstoppedtowritetheirpositions.5.Iregrettedtotellhimthathehadbeendismissed.Tomysurprise,hesaidtome,“Iamnotsad,Ionlyregrethavingtakenthewrongjob.”6.—Remembertoreturnthebattome.—ButIrememberhavingreturnedittoyou.二.把下列直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語1.Hesaid:“I’veleftmybookinmyroom.”→2.Shesaid:“Hewillbebusy.”→3.ShesaidtoTom,“Canyouhelpme?”→4.Sheasked,“Isthisbookyoursorhis?”→5.Theteacherasked,“howdidyourepairit?”→6.Theteachersaidtothestudents,“Don’twasteyourtime.”→7.Themothersaid,“Tom,getupearly,please.”→8.Theteachersaid,“Theearthgoesroundthesun.”→9.Myfathersaid,“Practicemakesperfect.”→10.Theboysaidtous,“Iusuallygetupatsixeveryday.”→11.Hesaid,“Wearestillstudents.’→12.Hesaidtome,“Iwasbornin1978.”→13.Theengineersaid,“Iwasatcollegein1967.”→14.Hesaid,“IhavestudiedEnglishsinceIwasaboy.”→15.Shesaid,“IreadthebookwhileIwaswaitingforabus.→16.Mr.Greensaidtothem,“Joetoldmeallabouthisstorywhenheaskedforajob.”→17.Hesaid,“Weinsistedthatshestartimmediately.→18.Shesaid,“Hedemandedthatthegirlleaveatonce.”→19.Isaidtohim,“Ihavefinishedit.”→20.Shesaidtous,“I’lleheretomorrow.”→21.“Wheredoesyourchemistryteacherlive,Karen?”theyoungmanasked.→22.“Ihavegainedthefirstplaceinthemathematicspetition,”thelittleboysaidhappily.→23.“Lighttravelsfasterthansound,”thephysicsteachersaidtotheboysandgirls.→24.“Willyougototheconcertwithmethisevening?”Maryaskedme.→25.“Whatdidyoudohereyesterday?”theoldmanaskedmybrother.→鞏固提高1.Ourteacheraskedus_____ourdictionariestoschool.A.bringB.broughtC.bringD.tobring2.Theteachertoldtheboystudents______footballonthegrass.A.notplayB.nottoplayC.playedD.playing3.____Tomdidn’tgotoschool?A.DoyouknowhowB.WhydoyouknowC.HowyouknowwhyD.Doyouknowwhy4.Shelookssad.Couldyoupleasetellme_____thatpreventsherfrombeingashappyasbefore?A.whatitisB.itiswhatC.howitisD.itishow5.Bettyaskedhersister____totherailwaystationtoseeheroff.A.nottoeB.nottogoC.tonoteD.tonotgo6.Thepupilaskedhisteacher_____roundtheearth.A.weatherthemoongoesB.thatthemoonwentC.whetherthemoongoesD.whetherthemoonwent7.Mr.Li____WangLing____ataxitotheairport.A.asked;takeB.asked;takingC.told;takeD.told;totake8.Sheaskedhim____.A.whosedictionarythisisB.whosedictionarythatwasC.whosedictionaryisthisD.whosedictionarythatis9.Mary’smotheraskedher_____.A.thatwhethershehadfinishedherhomeworkB.ifshehasfinishedherhomeworkC.ifshehadfinishedherhomeworkD.thatifshehadfinishedherhomework10.Doyouknow____?A.whatishedoingB.whathedoingC.whatheisdoingD.whatdoeshedonow11.Idon’tknow____tolearnEnglish.A.whendidhebeginB.whenhebeganC.hewhenbeganD.whenhebegins12.Heaskedme____.A.howwouldtheweatherbeliketomorrowB.whattheweatherwouldbelikethenextdayC.howtheweatherwouldbeliketomorrowD.whatwouldtheweatherbelikethenextday13.Youcan’timagine____whentheyreceivedtheseniceSpringFestivalpresents.A.howexcitedtheywereB.howexcitedweretheyC.howtheywereexcitedD.theywerehowexcited14.Shetoldmethatshe____byherrelativesatthebusstop.A.hadbeenseenoffB.haveseenoffC.havebeenseenoffD.hadseenoff15.Doyourememberhowmanytimes____toAustralia?A.hadyoubeenB.didyougoC.haveyoubeenD.youhavebeen16.Canyouguess____?A.whatisthatmanB.whothatmanisC.whomthatmanisD.whoisthatman17.Moreandmorestudentsandteachershavebegantoknow____.A.howimportanttheforeignlanguageareB.howtheforeignlanguageisimportantC.howimportanttheforeignlanguageisD.howimportantistheforeignlanguage18.Thehostesssaidthatit___timethatthey___supper.A.was;hadB.was;hadhadC.is;haveD.is;havehad19.Thebossaskedhissecretary____hehadfinishedtypingthereport____.A.if;ornotB.if;notC.whether;ornotD.whether;not20.Iwonderhowmuch_____.A.doeshespendonhiscarB.didhespendonhiscarC.hespentonhiscarD.hespentinhiscar一.挑出下列句中的賓語①M(fèi)ybrotherhasn'tdonehishomework.②PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.③Youmustpaygoodattentiontoyourpronunciation.④Howmanynewwordsdidyoulearnlastclass?⑤Someofthestudentsintheschoolwanttogoswimming,howaboutyou?⑥Theoldmansittingatthegatesaidhewasill.⑦Theymadehimmonitoroftheclass.⑧Goacrossthebridgeandyouwillfindthemuseumontheleft.⑨Youwillfinditusefulafteryouleaveschool.⑩Theydidn'tknowwho"FatherChristmas"reallyis.二.劃出句中的直接賓語和間接賓語①Pleasetellusastory.②Myfatherboughtanewbikeformelastweek.③Mr.Liisgoingtoteachushistorynextterm.④Hereisapen.GiveittoTom.⑤Didheleaveanymessageforme?三.用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.Aftertwohours'discussion,themanagerdecide(end)themeeting.2.Therearesomanyunusualthingsinthemuseum,it’sworthagain(visit)3.Itisnoteasy(learn)aforeignlanguage4.Weareglad(see)youagain.5.Wesayhim(play)footballoutside.6.Hespendsmuchtime(read)story-book.7.Weenjoy(read)booksinoursparetime.8.(read)inbedisbadforyoureyes. 9.Lifeislongifyouknowhow(use)10.Areyouinterestedin(collect)stamps?11.Doyouenjoy(live)inChina?12.Jimaskedme(help)himwithhislessons.13.Hewants(borrow)abookfromtheschoollibrary.14.You’dbetter(notbe)lateforthemeetingnexttime.15.Hewenttobedafterhefinished(write)theletter.16.Thewifetoldherhusband(drive)toofast.17.It’sbest(wear)warmclothesinwinter.18.“(open)yourbooksandturntoPage5,please”theteachersaid.19.Walkalongthisroad,andtakethefirst(turn)ontheright.20.Lookattheboys,theyarebusytheyoungtreetothetopthestick(tie).21.I’dlike(have)aglassofwater,please?22.Everythingbegins(grow)inspring.23.Ihavequitealotofhomework(do).24.Don’tforget(tell)himaboutthis.25.Theboyistooyoung(go)toschool.26.Whynot(e)toworkalittleearly?27.Theywent(fish)thedaybeforeyesterday.28.Idosome(wash)everySunday.29.Ifthepopulationkeepsgrowingsofast,therewillbeonlyroomontheearth(stand).30.Whendidyoulearn(skate)?31.Wouldyoulikemeyoumovethatdesk?(help)32.Whatabout(go)outforaswim?33.It’stimeforclass.Pleasestop(talk).34.Let’s(play)games,shallwe?35.It’stime(have)supper.36.Thankyouverymuchfor(teach)ussowell.37.Didtheyhaveaschool(meet)yesterday?38.Ihope(be)ascientistwhenIgrowup.39.Someofthequestionsarehard(answer).40.Robinsonwasready(cross)thesea.41.It’lltakeyoutwentyminutes(go)therebybike.42.I’mverypleased(see)youagain.43.Wouldyoulikesomething(drink)?44.Whatmakesyou(think)Iamadoctor?45.Herbrothergavehera(shop)basket.46.I’msorry(keep)you(wait)solong.47.Doesshelike(sing)afterclass.48.Itwasnice(talk)toyou.49.Wouldyouplease(go)therewithme?50.It’sdangerous(play)inthestreet.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________一.完型填空 WalletBackThisisastoryaboutalearningexperiencethathadabigeffectonthewaythatIlivemylife.The____1___inthestorydidnotgivemetestsorevengrademeonmywork.Iwastaughtbyoneofthemosteffective___2___ofteaching,onethatonlypeoplewithlotsoflovecando.“Mywallet!Whereisit？”weremyfirstwords___3___Ifoundmywalletwasmissing.I____4___mymemoryforafewgoodseconds,thenrealizedthatIhadleftmypreciouswalletinthelibrary’spublic___5___!Becausethelibrarywasnow__6__,Ihadtowaituntilthenextmorningtolookforit.WhenIgottherethenextday,allIfoundwasacleanrestroom.ThiswasthefirsttimeIcouldrememberever___7___toseeacleanrestroom.AsIwalkedout,Ilookedatmyselfinthemirrorandshookmyheadatthe___8____foolinfrontofme.Ipolitely___9____thelibrarianatthefrontdeskandaskedherifawallethadbeenfoundintherestroomyesterday.“No.”Thatwasthat.Iwalkedoffwithasenseof____10____.I__11___whatIwoulddoifIhadfoundawalletcontainingsixtydollars,aphonecardandmanyotherirreplaceable___12____things.Finally,I___13___acceptedthefactthatmywalletwasgone.Aweeklater,Ireceiveda___14____inthemail.itwasmywalletAndmost___15____,nothingwasmissing!Buttherewasalittleyellowsheetofpaperfoldedupinoneofthewalletpocketsthathadnotbeentherebefore.Islowlyunfoldedthepaper,which___16____somethinglikethis:Whenwecontinuetohelparound,wewi